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Interpretation of the difference between aperture estimates derived from hydraulic and tracer tests in a single fracture
147A simulated using a particle tracking method. Apertures along tracer flow paths show a different distribution to apertures in the fracture. The shift in distribution and its effect on flow are discussed with reference to the general problem of flow in a heterogeneous porous medium.
903135 Permeability and conductivity of sandstones David, C; Darot, M Proc International Symposium on Rock at Great Depth, Pau, 28-31 August 1989 VI, P203-209. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1989
903131 Numerical analysis of solute transport during transient irrigation 1. The effect of hysteresis and profile heterogeneity Russo, D; Jury, W A; Butters, G L Water Resour Res 1125, NIO, Oct 1989, P2109-2118
Permeability and electrical conductivity are both controlled by the characteristics of the porosity network of the rock. Water permeability tests were carried out on three Fontainebleu sandstone samples in a 100MPa permeameter. Electrical conductivity was measured over a wide range of pore fluid conductivity. Relations between bulk parameters can be explained using classical laws. Some empirical parameters such as Archie's parameter and tortuosity can be inferred. Experimental data and microstructural examination can provide useful information on transport processes.
Transport of nonreactive solutes under periodic water flow is modelled mathematically. Effects of soil water hysteresis and vertical heterogeneity of transport properties are assessed. Predictions are compared to those from steady state (piston flow) and transient flow models which neglect hysteresis and heterogeneity. Possible explanations for observed differences between field and theoretical solute transport are made on the basis of these results. 903132 Numerical analysis of solute transport during transient irrigation 2. The effect of immobile water Russo, D; Jury. W A; Butters, G L Water Resour Res V25, NIO, Oct 1989, P2119-2127 Transport of nonreactive solutions in a soil containing regions of mobile and immobile water under conditions of transient infiltration is modelled mathematically. Results are compared to those of the equivalent steady state flow model coupled with the two component convection dispersion equation and of the transient flow model with the classical one component convection dispersion equation. 903133 Interpretation of oscillatory water levels in observation wells during aquifer tests in fractured rock Shapiro, A M Water Resour Res V25, NIO. Oct 1989, P2129-2137 Oscillatory water levels in wells in aquifers in high transmissivity fractured formations are predicted by the equations coupling fluid movement in the well and in the surrounding medium. Equivalent porous media and dual porosity models of the porous rock are considered. Type curves for response of water level in the well due to pumping in another well are generated using the Laplace transformation method. They are used to identify a conceptual model for the formation and estimate formation properties. Applicability is demonstrated using field results from a fractured dolomite aquifer in Illinois. 903134 Interpretation of the difference between aperture estimates derived from hydraulic and tracer tests in a single fracture Silliman, S E Water Resour Res V25. NIO, Oct 1989, P2275-2283 Recent field tests on single fractures indicate that hydraulic and tracer tests give different estimates of fracture aperture. Through consideration of the averaging necessary to obtain these apertures, it is demonstrated that they will not typically be equal for a fracture characterised by variable aperture. For isotropic flow fields, hydraulic aperture will be the larger for all flow directions. For strongly anisotropic flow fields, the ratio of the two is expected to vary with direction of flow. Comparison of the two apertures from a directional flow test may indicate presence and orientation of anisotropy within a fracture.
903136 Permeability measurement techniques under hydrostatic and deviatoric stress conditions Read, M D; Meredith, P G; Murrell, S A F Proe International Symposium o n Rock at Great Depth, Pau, 28-31 August 1989 VI, P211-217. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1989 The basic permeability measurement techniques are evaluated: steady state flow, transient pulse, modified transient pulse, and sinusoidal pressure variation methods. A new apparatus has been developed which enables measurement of specific permeability and specific storage changes in rocks with pressure and temperature under hydrostatic and deviatoric stress representing crustal conditions. It employs a transient pressure change technique. A new procedure is presented which allows sequential measurement of permeability during deformation, and of acoustic wave velocity and acoustic emission. 903137 Gas pulse test - a new test method for low permeability formations Kloska, M; Ostrowski, L; Pusch, G; Yerby, P Proc International Symposium on Rock at Great Depth, Pau, 28-31 August 1989 VI, P219-226. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema, 1989 A test method applicable to unsaturated, low permeability formations, such as are encountered in host rock for radioactive waste disposal, is presented. In situ properties can only be realistically measured using gas injection tests. The method is based on classical solutions to the slug and pulse tests, using pseudopressure and pseudotime functions to account for changes in gas viscosity and compressibility with pressure. The application to a ferruginous oolite formation in Germany is described.
Compressibility, swelling and consolidation See also: 903401 903138 Procedure for determining volumetric shrinkage of an unsaturated soil Sibley, J W; Williams, D J Geotech Test d V12, N3. Sept 1989. P181-187 Measurement of unsaturated soil volumes during drying shrinkage is used to determine the relations between saturation level and moisture content. Soil moisture content for significant desaturation, which can have important effects on effective stress and moisture migration, can be established. Behaviour is sensitive to disturbance and imposed restraints.
1990 Pergamon Press plc, Reproduction not permitted
903135 Permeability and conductivity of sandstones David, C; Darot, M Proc International Symposium on Rock at Great Depth, Pau, 28-31 August 1989 VI, P203-209. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1989
903131 Numerical analysis of solute transport during transient irrigation 1. The effect of hysteresis and profile heterogeneity Russo, D; Jury, W A; Butters, G L Water Resour Res 1125, NIO, Oct 1989, P2109-2118
Permeability and electrical conductivity are both controlled by the characteristics of the porosity network of the rock. Water permeability tests were carried out on three Fontainebleu sandstone samples in a 100MPa permeameter. Electrical conductivity was measured over a wide range of pore fluid conductivity. Relations between bulk parameters can be explained using classical laws. Some empirical parameters such as Archie's parameter and tortuosity can be inferred. Experimental data and microstructural examination can provide useful information on transport processes.
Transport of nonreactive solutes under periodic water flow is modelled mathematically. Effects of soil water hysteresis and vertical heterogeneity of transport properties are assessed. Predictions are compared to those from steady state (piston flow) and transient flow models which neglect hysteresis and heterogeneity. Possible explanations for observed differences between field and theoretical solute transport are made on the basis of these results. 903132 Numerical analysis of solute transport during transient irrigation 2. The effect of immobile water Russo, D; Jury. W A; Butters, G L Water Resour Res V25, NIO, Oct 1989, P2119-2127 Transport of nonreactive solutions in a soil containing regions of mobile and immobile water under conditions of transient infiltration is modelled mathematically. Results are compared to those of the equivalent steady state flow model coupled with the two component convection dispersion equation and of the transient flow model with the classical one component convection dispersion equation. 903133 Interpretation of oscillatory water levels in observation wells during aquifer tests in fractured rock Shapiro, A M Water Resour Res V25, NIO. Oct 1989, P2129-2137 Oscillatory water levels in wells in aquifers in high transmissivity fractured formations are predicted by the equations coupling fluid movement in the well and in the surrounding medium. Equivalent porous media and dual porosity models of the porous rock are considered. Type curves for response of water level in the well due to pumping in another well are generated using the Laplace transformation method. They are used to identify a conceptual model for the formation and estimate formation properties. Applicability is demonstrated using field results from a fractured dolomite aquifer in Illinois. 903134 Interpretation of the difference between aperture estimates derived from hydraulic and tracer tests in a single fracture Silliman, S E Water Resour Res V25. NIO, Oct 1989, P2275-2283 Recent field tests on single fractures indicate that hydraulic and tracer tests give different estimates of fracture aperture. Through consideration of the averaging necessary to obtain these apertures, it is demonstrated that they will not typically be equal for a fracture characterised by variable aperture. For isotropic flow fields, hydraulic aperture will be the larger for all flow directions. For strongly anisotropic flow fields, the ratio of the two is expected to vary with direction of flow. Comparison of the two apertures from a directional flow test may indicate presence and orientation of anisotropy within a fracture.
903136 Permeability measurement techniques under hydrostatic and deviatoric stress conditions Read, M D; Meredith, P G; Murrell, S A F Proe International Symposium o n Rock at Great Depth, Pau, 28-31 August 1989 VI, P211-217. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1989 The basic permeability measurement techniques are evaluated: steady state flow, transient pulse, modified transient pulse, and sinusoidal pressure variation methods. A new apparatus has been developed which enables measurement of specific permeability and specific storage changes in rocks with pressure and temperature under hydrostatic and deviatoric stress representing crustal conditions. It employs a transient pressure change technique. A new procedure is presented which allows sequential measurement of permeability during deformation, and of acoustic wave velocity and acoustic emission. 903137 Gas pulse test - a new test method for low permeability formations Kloska, M; Ostrowski, L; Pusch, G; Yerby, P Proc International Symposium on Rock at Great Depth, Pau, 28-31 August 1989 VI, P219-226. Publ Rotterdam." A A Balkema, 1989 A test method applicable to unsaturated, low permeability formations, such as are encountered in host rock for radioactive waste disposal, is presented. In situ properties can only be realistically measured using gas injection tests. The method is based on classical solutions to the slug and pulse tests, using pseudopressure and pseudotime functions to account for changes in gas viscosity and compressibility with pressure. The application to a ferruginous oolite formation in Germany is described.
Compressibility, swelling and consolidation See also: 903401 903138 Procedure for determining volumetric shrinkage of an unsaturated soil Sibley, J W; Williams, D J Geotech Test d V12, N3. Sept 1989. P181-187 Measurement of unsaturated soil volumes during drying shrinkage is used to determine the relations between saturation level and moisture content. Soil moisture content for significant desaturation, which can have important effects on effective stress and moisture migration, can be established. Behaviour is sensitive to disturbance and imposed restraints.
1990 Pergamon Press plc, Reproduction not permitted