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Interpreting data of cadmium monitoring in humans
Poster Session 2H. Metals
58
Body weights and Fe concentrations in the liver, kidneys and brain remained decreased from day of birth till weaning. Signs of anaemia with extramedullar haemopoiesis and reduced Zn concentrations in the liver were found at weaning. Cadmium content in pup organs increased between day 11 and 2l, and was much lower than in the dams. In conclusion, decreased concentrations of essential elements (Fe, Zn) and anaemia caused by pre-, post- or perinatal Cd exposure in pups at the stage of rapid organogenesis may markedly influence further development. Due to its cumulative nature, an increased Cd body burden at early stages may present an additional risk later in life.
The levels of urinary Cd after elimination of cases with high urinary proteins, were 1.2/~g/g creatinine in non-smokers and 2.7 #g/g in smokers (both median values) and were strongly correlated with Cd in renal cortex (n = 15, r = 0.74, p < 0.002). The reference value in renal cortex for general population 50/zg/g seems equivalent to urinary concentration of about 2 #g/g creatinine; close to the value computed by the Belgian group [Buchet et al., Lancet 336, 699-702, 1990]. The study was performed under a KBN grant No 507-13-010.
Keywords: cadmium; humans; kidney; lung; urine
Keywords: cadmium; iron; zinc; anaemia; perinatal exposure; rats
IP2H-207 [ LEAD MOBILIZATION AFTER TREATMENT WITH
meso- AND racemic-2,3-DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACID IN RATS
Nada Restek-Samar'2ija * i, Martina Piasek t, Krista Kostial ], Maja Blanuga i, Mark M. Jones 2, Pramod K. Singh 2. I Institute for
I P2H-2091 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH SURVEILLANCE IN A LEAD SMELTERY AREA
Danica Prpid-Maji6. Institute for Medical Research and
Occupational Health, 10001 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
racemic-DMSA.
In order to assess the health risk in a lead smeltery area, a follow-up of lead health effects and lead environmental pollution was performed. The intensity of lead absorption in inhabitants was determined through analysis of blood lead (PbB), erythrocyte S-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) in representative groups. Undesirable health effects were assessed through an investigation of chromosomal aberrations, the incidence of ischaemic heart disease, hypertensive disease, cerebrovascular disease and nephritis. In addition the abortion rate and the rate of twin births was studied. The follow-up of environmental pollution comprised determination of lead in suspended and deposited matter, drinking water, soil, household dust, foodstuffs and duplicate samples of diet. Inhabitants had increased lead absorption which corresponded to moderate lead exposure. In women during pregnancy and lactation, PbB showed an increasing trend. Lead body burden in the newborn was dependent on lead absorption in their mothers. Findings of chromosomal aberrations were within a normal range. Ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and nephritis occurred more often in the population from the smelting area than in the control area. The rate of spontaneous abortions was higher and the twin birth rate was lower, in the vicinity of the lead smeltery than in the rest of the community. The annual mean of lead concentration in air was drastically reduced after the introduction of an efficient bag filter system. The same was found in depositions. In potable water lead content was normal. The total lead content of the soil and in household dust was increased. Foodstuffs were also contaminated and the calculated total daily intake of lead ranged from 14-611 ,u.g.
Keywords: lead; chelation; meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid; racemic-
Keywords: lead smeltery area; health risk; environmental pollution
Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10001 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia; 2 Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA Female Wistar rats, 8-week-old, were loaded with lead (Pb) by five-consecutive-day intraperitoneal administration of 5 mg Pb/kg bw/day. Three days later animals started treatment with either meso2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) or racemic-DMSA in dose 0.5 or 1.0 mmol/kg bw/day, four days by gavage (total dose 2 or 4 mmol/kg bw). Control animals received 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline on the same schedule of administration. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, rats were exsanguinated from the abdominal aorta in ether anaesthesia and right femur, both kidneys, liver and brain were removed for Pb analysis by flame and electrothermal AAS. After four oral doses of 0.5 mmol/kg, femur Pb levels were reduced to 87% by meso-DMSA and to 50% of control levels by racemic-DMSA. At the 1.0 mmol/kg dose level, femur Pb concentrations were reduced to 69% by meso-DMSA and to 45% of control values by racemic-DMSA. Kidney Pb concentrations were markedly reduced by treatment with both DMSA isoforms. Both chelators produced similar reductions in brain Pb concentrations irrespective to dose. The results suggest that racemic-DMSA may be more effective than meso-DMSA in reducing bone and renal Pb retention after chronic exposure. More data on the comparative toxicity of these chelators are needed since our preliminary results indicate higher toxicity of
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid; rats
I P2H-208 1 INTERPRETING DATA OF CADMIUM MONITORING IN HUMANS
Czestaw Ortowski *, Jerzy K. Piotrowski. Department of
Toxicological Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland This work aimed at improving the basis of interpretation for the post mortem monitoring of Cd in humans exposed to Cd from environmental sources. The study encompasses data on tissues (renal cortex, liver, lungs) and urine from 29 subjects deceased at the age of 31-66 years. The time-lapse from death to section did not exceed 30 hrs (mean, 21 hr). The levels of Cd were determined by flame and flameless AAS. An interlaboratory quality assurance, for tissues and urine separately, was provided. The levels of Cd in the lungs are correlated with those of renal cortex (r = 0.80) and liver (r = 0.53) and are by one order of magnitude higher in smokers (median 5.5 /zg/g d.w.) compared to nonsmokers (median 0.3/zg/g d.w.). This parameter may be a good marker of smoking habit, the cut-off point being 0.5-1.0/zg/g d.w.
FIELD STUDY OF METAL POLLUTION IN THE IP2H-2101 ASOUTH ATLANTIC SPANISH LITTORAL USING I
STRIPED VENUS CLAM AS BIOMONITOR
V. Funes, J.I. Navas i, F. Gavilanes 2, j. L6pez-Barea *, J. Peinado.
i CICEM, Agua del Pino, Cartaya (Huelva), 2 Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fac. of Chemistry, Univ. Complutense of Madrid, (Spain); Dept. of Biochemistry Molecular Biology, Fac. of Veterinary Sciences, Univ. of C6rdoba, 14071-Cdrdoba (Spain) In this report we show the results obtained with the striped venus clam (ChameUea gallina) as biomonitor of copper and zinc pollution. Animals were collected in five locations of the South Atlantic Spanish Littoral. Three samples where located close to the common estuary of the rivers Tinto and Odiel and the Huelva Harbour, where spillage from mining activities and chemical industries is known to occur. Two samplings placed twenty kilometers at the west and east from the Huelva Harbour were selected as reference areas. The content in copper and zinc was determined in water, sediments and in clams, finding in front to the Huelva Harbour the highest levels of metals.
58
Body weights and Fe concentrations in the liver, kidneys and brain remained decreased from day of birth till weaning. Signs of anaemia with extramedullar haemopoiesis and reduced Zn concentrations in the liver were found at weaning. Cadmium content in pup organs increased between day 11 and 2l, and was much lower than in the dams. In conclusion, decreased concentrations of essential elements (Fe, Zn) and anaemia caused by pre-, post- or perinatal Cd exposure in pups at the stage of rapid organogenesis may markedly influence further development. Due to its cumulative nature, an increased Cd body burden at early stages may present an additional risk later in life.
The levels of urinary Cd after elimination of cases with high urinary proteins, were 1.2/~g/g creatinine in non-smokers and 2.7 #g/g in smokers (both median values) and were strongly correlated with Cd in renal cortex (n = 15, r = 0.74, p < 0.002). The reference value in renal cortex for general population 50/zg/g seems equivalent to urinary concentration of about 2 #g/g creatinine; close to the value computed by the Belgian group [Buchet et al., Lancet 336, 699-702, 1990]. The study was performed under a KBN grant No 507-13-010.
Keywords: cadmium; humans; kidney; lung; urine
Keywords: cadmium; iron; zinc; anaemia; perinatal exposure; rats
IP2H-207 [ LEAD MOBILIZATION AFTER TREATMENT WITH
meso- AND racemic-2,3-DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACID IN RATS
Nada Restek-Samar'2ija * i, Martina Piasek t, Krista Kostial ], Maja Blanuga i, Mark M. Jones 2, Pramod K. Singh 2. I Institute for
I P2H-2091 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH SURVEILLANCE IN A LEAD SMELTERY AREA
Danica Prpid-Maji6. Institute for Medical Research and
Occupational Health, 10001 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
racemic-DMSA.
In order to assess the health risk in a lead smeltery area, a follow-up of lead health effects and lead environmental pollution was performed. The intensity of lead absorption in inhabitants was determined through analysis of blood lead (PbB), erythrocyte S-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) in representative groups. Undesirable health effects were assessed through an investigation of chromosomal aberrations, the incidence of ischaemic heart disease, hypertensive disease, cerebrovascular disease and nephritis. In addition the abortion rate and the rate of twin births was studied. The follow-up of environmental pollution comprised determination of lead in suspended and deposited matter, drinking water, soil, household dust, foodstuffs and duplicate samples of diet. Inhabitants had increased lead absorption which corresponded to moderate lead exposure. In women during pregnancy and lactation, PbB showed an increasing trend. Lead body burden in the newborn was dependent on lead absorption in their mothers. Findings of chromosomal aberrations were within a normal range. Ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and nephritis occurred more often in the population from the smelting area than in the control area. The rate of spontaneous abortions was higher and the twin birth rate was lower, in the vicinity of the lead smeltery than in the rest of the community. The annual mean of lead concentration in air was drastically reduced after the introduction of an efficient bag filter system. The same was found in depositions. In potable water lead content was normal. The total lead content of the soil and in household dust was increased. Foodstuffs were also contaminated and the calculated total daily intake of lead ranged from 14-611 ,u.g.
Keywords: lead; chelation; meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid; racemic-
Keywords: lead smeltery area; health risk; environmental pollution
Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10001 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia; 2 Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA Female Wistar rats, 8-week-old, were loaded with lead (Pb) by five-consecutive-day intraperitoneal administration of 5 mg Pb/kg bw/day. Three days later animals started treatment with either meso2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) or racemic-DMSA in dose 0.5 or 1.0 mmol/kg bw/day, four days by gavage (total dose 2 or 4 mmol/kg bw). Control animals received 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline on the same schedule of administration. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, rats were exsanguinated from the abdominal aorta in ether anaesthesia and right femur, both kidneys, liver and brain were removed for Pb analysis by flame and electrothermal AAS. After four oral doses of 0.5 mmol/kg, femur Pb levels were reduced to 87% by meso-DMSA and to 50% of control levels by racemic-DMSA. At the 1.0 mmol/kg dose level, femur Pb concentrations were reduced to 69% by meso-DMSA and to 45% of control values by racemic-DMSA. Kidney Pb concentrations were markedly reduced by treatment with both DMSA isoforms. Both chelators produced similar reductions in brain Pb concentrations irrespective to dose. The results suggest that racemic-DMSA may be more effective than meso-DMSA in reducing bone and renal Pb retention after chronic exposure. More data on the comparative toxicity of these chelators are needed since our preliminary results indicate higher toxicity of
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid; rats
I P2H-208 1 INTERPRETING DATA OF CADMIUM MONITORING IN HUMANS
Czestaw Ortowski *, Jerzy K. Piotrowski. Department of
Toxicological Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland This work aimed at improving the basis of interpretation for the post mortem monitoring of Cd in humans exposed to Cd from environmental sources. The study encompasses data on tissues (renal cortex, liver, lungs) and urine from 29 subjects deceased at the age of 31-66 years. The time-lapse from death to section did not exceed 30 hrs (mean, 21 hr). The levels of Cd were determined by flame and flameless AAS. An interlaboratory quality assurance, for tissues and urine separately, was provided. The levels of Cd in the lungs are correlated with those of renal cortex (r = 0.80) and liver (r = 0.53) and are by one order of magnitude higher in smokers (median 5.5 /zg/g d.w.) compared to nonsmokers (median 0.3/zg/g d.w.). This parameter may be a good marker of smoking habit, the cut-off point being 0.5-1.0/zg/g d.w.
FIELD STUDY OF METAL POLLUTION IN THE IP2H-2101 ASOUTH ATLANTIC SPANISH LITTORAL USING I
STRIPED VENUS CLAM AS BIOMONITOR
V. Funes, J.I. Navas i, F. Gavilanes 2, j. L6pez-Barea *, J. Peinado.
i CICEM, Agua del Pino, Cartaya (Huelva), 2 Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fac. of Chemistry, Univ. Complutense of Madrid, (Spain); Dept. of Biochemistry Molecular Biology, Fac. of Veterinary Sciences, Univ. of C6rdoba, 14071-Cdrdoba (Spain) In this report we show the results obtained with the striped venus clam (ChameUea gallina) as biomonitor of copper and zinc pollution. Animals were collected in five locations of the South Atlantic Spanish Littoral. Three samples where located close to the common estuary of the rivers Tinto and Odiel and the Huelva Harbour, where spillage from mining activities and chemical industries is known to occur. Two samplings placed twenty kilometers at the west and east from the Huelva Harbour were selected as reference areas. The content in copper and zinc was determined in water, sediments and in clams, finding in front to the Huelva Harbour the highest levels of metals.