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Introduction to nonlinear optical effects in molecules and polymers
Colloirls and Sttrjaces, 64 (1992) 95-96 Elscvier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam
95
Sook Reviews
~Wodern Aspects of Protean? Adwrption on Biomaterids, edited by Y.F. Missirlis and W. Lemm, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991, 262 pp., US!% 160.00.
Introduction to Nonlinear Optical EJkcts h Molecules und Polymers, by P.N. Prasad and D.J. Williams, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991, 307 pps, US% 49.95, ISBW 3-471-51562-O.
This book is very useful for scientists working in interdisciplinary areas covering protein adsorption, polymer chemistry, biotechnology and development of biocompatible materials. This book is in two parts. In the first part there are 11 technical papers, many of which are on protein adsorption on polymer surfaces. Two are on’ blood-surface interacticns, one on the use of radioisotopic techniques for the development of hemocompatible materials and the other on the advantages and the problems in using FT-IR spectroscopy lo study blood-surface interactions. This part is mainly interesting to scientists working on protein adsorption on polymer surfaces. In the second part, v.tarious topics associated with protein adsorption on polymer surfaces are presented in nine sections. These sections cover almost every minute aspect to be considered in selecting a technique for the study of protein adsorption. The importance of characterization and identification of proteins as well as polymers, and selection of proper labelling techniques among those available, keeping in view the limitations, have been brought out. The Vroman effect in fibrinogen adsorption and thrombus formation is also discussed. The book is weil presented and generally easy to read, and is recommended as a useful source for protein adsorption studies.
Nonlinear optics is one of the fastest growing fields in chemistry, optics and marerial science. With this rapid growth, this book provides a timely bridge between the various groups of researchers in this field. The book, written to be used as a reference book, avoids elaborate mathematical analyses with ?he hope that the main concepts can be grasped by readers without a background in electromagnetic theory. After a general introduction, the principles of linear and nonlinear optics are briefly discussed in the second chapter. The remainder of the book is divided into two parts. The first part describes a variety of experiments which demonstrate these phenomena in organic materials; the last chapters are devoted to the description of a few nonlinear optical devices. The systematic study of optical phenomena in organic materials is treated as follows. In chapter 3, the authors present a deeper analysis of nonlinear optical phenomena from a microscopic point of view. Three sources of nonlinearity in organic molecules are described. The first and most important is the effect of 0 and IC electrons and their bonding. These effects are demonstrated in two ways: first using an equivalent internal field model and then by quantum-chemical considerations. The other two sources of nonlinearity are molecular hyperpolarizabilities and orientation. Chapter 4 extends the microscopic results to the bulk or macroscopic level using statistical averaging techniques. After these theoretical considerations, measurement techniques for second-order optical
Dr. M.K. Yelloji Rao, New York, NY, USA
96
processes are given. In addition, a survey is made of the structural requirements for second-order optical materials, The same analysis is done for third-order optical materials. The treatment of optical devices is not as exhaustive as that of experiments. In chapter 1~ Prasad and Williams discuss the basic concepts of waveguides, focusing on their design from the viewpoint of second-order and third-order optica! processes. Chapter 12 identifies the two optical processes that are most important in optical devices, namel;’ frequency conversion and refractive index modulation. The basic designs of a few optical devices are presented in this chapter. The final, and probably most interesting, chapter takes a Iook at future trends of nonlinear optics. In the opin ton of Prasad
and Williams, the development of optical switches, with their application in supercomputers, and the placing of third-order nonlinear optical phenomena on a firm theoretical foundation should be the research goal of the field. The book is an excellent source of information for nonlinear optical phenomena. It is extremely well organized with an extensive and reasonably up-to-date list of references given at the end of each chapter. It is recommended for readers familiar with electromagnetic theory who wish to gain an introduction to the rapidly evolving field of nonlinear optical phenomena. A. Mbowa and P. Somasundaran, New York, NY, IJSA
95
Sook Reviews
~Wodern Aspects of Protean? Adwrption on Biomaterids, edited by Y.F. Missirlis and W. Lemm, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1991, 262 pp., US!% 160.00.
Introduction to Nonlinear Optical EJkcts h Molecules und Polymers, by P.N. Prasad and D.J. Williams, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1991, 307 pps, US% 49.95, ISBW 3-471-51562-O.
This book is very useful for scientists working in interdisciplinary areas covering protein adsorption, polymer chemistry, biotechnology and development of biocompatible materials. This book is in two parts. In the first part there are 11 technical papers, many of which are on protein adsorption on polymer surfaces. Two are on’ blood-surface interacticns, one on the use of radioisotopic techniques for the development of hemocompatible materials and the other on the advantages and the problems in using FT-IR spectroscopy lo study blood-surface interactions. This part is mainly interesting to scientists working on protein adsorption on polymer surfaces. In the second part, v.tarious topics associated with protein adsorption on polymer surfaces are presented in nine sections. These sections cover almost every minute aspect to be considered in selecting a technique for the study of protein adsorption. The importance of characterization and identification of proteins as well as polymers, and selection of proper labelling techniques among those available, keeping in view the limitations, have been brought out. The Vroman effect in fibrinogen adsorption and thrombus formation is also discussed. The book is weil presented and generally easy to read, and is recommended as a useful source for protein adsorption studies.
Nonlinear optics is one of the fastest growing fields in chemistry, optics and marerial science. With this rapid growth, this book provides a timely bridge between the various groups of researchers in this field. The book, written to be used as a reference book, avoids elaborate mathematical analyses with ?he hope that the main concepts can be grasped by readers without a background in electromagnetic theory. After a general introduction, the principles of linear and nonlinear optics are briefly discussed in the second chapter. The remainder of the book is divided into two parts. The first part describes a variety of experiments which demonstrate these phenomena in organic materials; the last chapters are devoted to the description of a few nonlinear optical devices. The systematic study of optical phenomena in organic materials is treated as follows. In chapter 3, the authors present a deeper analysis of nonlinear optical phenomena from a microscopic point of view. Three sources of nonlinearity in organic molecules are described. The first and most important is the effect of 0 and IC electrons and their bonding. These effects are demonstrated in two ways: first using an equivalent internal field model and then by quantum-chemical considerations. The other two sources of nonlinearity are molecular hyperpolarizabilities and orientation. Chapter 4 extends the microscopic results to the bulk or macroscopic level using statistical averaging techniques. After these theoretical considerations, measurement techniques for second-order optical
Dr. M.K. Yelloji Rao, New York, NY, USA
96
processes are given. In addition, a survey is made of the structural requirements for second-order optical materials, The same analysis is done for third-order optical materials. The treatment of optical devices is not as exhaustive as that of experiments. In chapter 1~ Prasad and Williams discuss the basic concepts of waveguides, focusing on their design from the viewpoint of second-order and third-order optica! processes. Chapter 12 identifies the two optical processes that are most important in optical devices, namel;’ frequency conversion and refractive index modulation. The basic designs of a few optical devices are presented in this chapter. The final, and probably most interesting, chapter takes a Iook at future trends of nonlinear optics. In the opin ton of Prasad
and Williams, the development of optical switches, with their application in supercomputers, and the placing of third-order nonlinear optical phenomena on a firm theoretical foundation should be the research goal of the field. The book is an excellent source of information for nonlinear optical phenomena. It is extremely well organized with an extensive and reasonably up-to-date list of references given at the end of each chapter. It is recommended for readers familiar with electromagnetic theory who wish to gain an introduction to the rapidly evolving field of nonlinear optical phenomena. A. Mbowa and P. Somasundaran, New York, NY, IJSA