- Email: [email protected]
Introduction to special issue on endosome dynamics
G Model
ARTICLE IN PRESS
YSCDB 1591 1
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology xxx (2014) xxx–xxx
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/semcdb
1
Editorial
2
Introduction to special issue on endosome dynamics
3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
The endosome system was broadly considered to “just” be the region of the cell in which proteins and lipids are delivered to for degradation. Endosomes have now emerged as the central hub of protein sorting within the cell and are one of the most dynamic intracellular organelles. The flux of proteins between the endosome and the plasma membrane determines their respective compositions, which in turn defines the unique physiology associated within individual cell and tissue types. The molecular details of protein sorting and transport vesicle formation within endosomes have significantly advanced in recent years and an expanding number of cellular pathways, signalling processes and diseases have now been associated with the endosomal system. The concept of distinct compartments within the endosomal system remains an ongoing challenge to define. Two major features of the endosomal system contribute to this. Firstly, the continuous exchange of proteins recruited to the cytoplasmic face of the lipid bilayer of endosomes creates sub-domains through the formation of transient protein scaffolds. These sub-domains are generated in response to local protein and lipid composition and multiple subdomains occur on individual endosome compartments. This makes the classification of individual endosomes by compartment specific protein or lipid markers difficult due to this temporal exchange. A major consequence of this exchange is that individual endosomes undergo maturation over time, facilitated by the fusion between endosome compartments and the various membrane transport
pathways that remove or deliver proteins and lipids during their maturation. This in turn regulates the spatial distribution of endosomes throughout the cell. Our understanding of this process has been greatly enhanced by developments in live cell microscopy that has enabled the observation and quantification of the coordinated spatial organisation of endosomes and how they change their protein and lipid components in real time. In this issue of Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology we present commentaries from experts in the field of endosome biology that describe our current understanding of the molecular basis of endosome regulation, the role of endosomes in trafficking, signalling and disease, and state-of-the-art methods for probing the highly dynamic nature of these essential organelles. Rohan D. Teasdale ∗ Q1 Brett M. Collins Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia ∗ Corresponding
author. E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (R.D. Teasdale), [email protected] (B.M. Collins). Available online xxx
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.05.001 1084-9521/© 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Please cite this article in press as: Teasdale RD, Collins BM. Introduction to special issue on endosome dynamics. Semin Cell Dev Biol (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.05.001
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44
45 46 47 48
49
ARTICLE IN PRESS
YSCDB 1591 1
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology xxx (2014) xxx–xxx
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/semcdb
1
Editorial
2
Introduction to special issue on endosome dynamics
3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
The endosome system was broadly considered to “just” be the region of the cell in which proteins and lipids are delivered to for degradation. Endosomes have now emerged as the central hub of protein sorting within the cell and are one of the most dynamic intracellular organelles. The flux of proteins between the endosome and the plasma membrane determines their respective compositions, which in turn defines the unique physiology associated within individual cell and tissue types. The molecular details of protein sorting and transport vesicle formation within endosomes have significantly advanced in recent years and an expanding number of cellular pathways, signalling processes and diseases have now been associated with the endosomal system. The concept of distinct compartments within the endosomal system remains an ongoing challenge to define. Two major features of the endosomal system contribute to this. Firstly, the continuous exchange of proteins recruited to the cytoplasmic face of the lipid bilayer of endosomes creates sub-domains through the formation of transient protein scaffolds. These sub-domains are generated in response to local protein and lipid composition and multiple subdomains occur on individual endosome compartments. This makes the classification of individual endosomes by compartment specific protein or lipid markers difficult due to this temporal exchange. A major consequence of this exchange is that individual endosomes undergo maturation over time, facilitated by the fusion between endosome compartments and the various membrane transport
pathways that remove or deliver proteins and lipids during their maturation. This in turn regulates the spatial distribution of endosomes throughout the cell. Our understanding of this process has been greatly enhanced by developments in live cell microscopy that has enabled the observation and quantification of the coordinated spatial organisation of endosomes and how they change their protein and lipid components in real time. In this issue of Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology we present commentaries from experts in the field of endosome biology that describe our current understanding of the molecular basis of endosome regulation, the role of endosomes in trafficking, signalling and disease, and state-of-the-art methods for probing the highly dynamic nature of these essential organelles. Rohan D. Teasdale ∗ Q1 Brett M. Collins Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia ∗ Corresponding
author. E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (R.D. Teasdale), [email protected] (B.M. Collins). Available online xxx
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.05.001 1084-9521/© 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Please cite this article in press as: Teasdale RD, Collins BM. Introduction to special issue on endosome dynamics. Semin Cell Dev Biol (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.05.001
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44
45 46 47 48
49