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Introduction to theories of plasticity Part 1: stress-strain relations
BOOK REVIEWS Introduction to theories of plasticity Part 1: stress-strain relations S. K. Jain
Engineering Publications, USA, $20, 1969, 280 pp The book was published by the author himself in the usual report form with a softcover. It attempts to present classical theory of plasticity based essentially on the well-known concept of Drucker and Prager. It also includes the more recent developments of multi-surface and bounding surface plasticity and Valanis" endochronic theory. The book should be treated as brief lecture notes containing 208 double-spaced pages of text and 89 pages of appendices. Chapter 4 on incremental theory of plasticity has only about 50 pages and covers essentially all basic concepts and fornmlations of the classical theory including one-dimension:d plasticity, yield criteria, plastic potential function, hardening rules, perfect plasticity, and effective stress and effective strain concepts. The book has therefore a very limited in-depth discussion of the theory. There arc less than 10 solved example problems in the entire book, :rod only two examples arc presented in this core chapter, Chapter 4. The author uses more th:m half of the book to discuss some advanced or related topics on pk,sticity including viscoplasticity, cndochronic theory, multi-surface models as well as curvelifting techniques of uniaxial stressstrain data. These topics are generally not covered in an introductory course on plasticity. The subject of the bt~k is limited to metal plasticity and no discussions are given on how these theories may be implemented in a solution procedure for an elastic-plastic analysis (Part 2 of the book in progress may cover this aspect of numerical implementation). Most chapters in the bt~k have end-of chapter problems but no answers or solution manual are available. It appears that the book is aimed to engineers, but no specific engineering applications have been discussed. In summary, the b~a~k should be treated as brief lecture notes. not as a regular textb~a~k for an introductory course on metal plasticity.
W. F. Chen
Concrete and concrete structures: numerical modelling and applications M. Y. H. Bangosh Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, UK, £95.00, 668 pp, 0 185 1 6 6 2 9 4 4
This book provides a valuable addition to the Elsevier Applied Science research monographs on aspects of structural engineering. Like other texts in the series, it is well produced, with clear text and figures. It will be of particular value to research and engineers involved in the numerical modeUing of concrete structures. It is perhaps a sign of the times that such an esoteric subject requires such a long text. The book has 668 pages and contains 1039 references. Even so it is not fully comprehensive. It has little to say, for example, on the smeared crack approach to the analysis of panels and slabs, or on strain localization. These omissions are surprising, as both topics have featured significantly in journal articles over the past decade. The reader is assumed to have at least a gradt, ate's knowledge of material science and numerical methods. There is a good survey of theoretical material models. However. it is tacitly assumed thai concrete properties over a structure can be determined fronl the data providcd by simple tests on specimens. No account is taken of either random or known trends in strength variation over a structure, nor of the effect of confineIllent by reinfi)rcement on concrete properties. An unwary reader could be led inlo thinking that analytical predictions have a greater degree of certainty, than is actually the case. However, the book does cover important topics which have not always been given due consideration in nonlinear analysis, such as: creep, shrinkage, temperature and fatigue. Implementation of nonlinear material constitutive equations in finite element inodels is described in some detail. Dynamic, buckling and impact analyses are considered. Approximately a third of the book is taken up with case studies of applications. There is an impressive array of large, prestigous structures - diversion tunnels for hydro-electric schemes, nuclear reactor vessels, containment vessels, nuclear shelters, silos, offshore structures for the oil industry and liquified natural gas tanks. After reading this section, it is difficult not to believe that nonlinear analysis of concrete structures has come of age, and that the method should be more widely known and used. This b~a~k is a valuable contribution to the process of bringing that about and to the continuing education of engineers.
R. J. Cope
Computers and experiments in stress analysis Eds G. M. Carlomagno and C. A. Brebbia
Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, UK This book is one of two volumes resulting from the fourth International Conference in Computational Mechanics held in Capri. Italy, in May 1989; the companion volume covers computers and experiments in fluid flow. The volume is divided into five sections: material problems, seismic studies, structures and stress analysis, dynamic problems, and data aquisition and experiments. In total there are 38 individual contributions and the number of different typefaces used in their preparation immediately identifies this as a set of conference proceedings, however, there is no recorded discussion of any of these contributions. The many mathematical formulae are well laid out and the figures are generally clear if on the small side in a number of places. Overall, however, the presentation does not detract too much from the technical content. Section I has six contributions in the general area of material properties. Two describe dcvelt~pments in statistical modelling to allow a better treatment of the variability of the mechanical propertics of brittle materials and two show dcvclopn~cms in computatkmal procedures to handle general elasto-plastic problems and anisotropie woven fabric materials respectively. Others report on the practical application of existing software to study nonlinear behaviour of reinfi~rced concrete walls, and on the thcrmo-mechanical behaviour of rock salt. The five contributions in Section 2 are devoted to earthquakes and prediction, observation and measurement of their effects on buildings. There are good reviews with copious references on the source mechanism of earthquakes, the prediction of the ground motion likely to result from them, and on the factors influencing the attenuation mechanisms of seismic waves. The third and largest section contains 12 contributions covering nine different topics. One of two invited contributions reviews the variability of data and suggests how the use of an appropriate finite element procedure can aid the design of data aquisition experiments. The other discusses the implications for engineering computation of recent developments in computing power. The remaining contributions cover: active building control. crack propagation, reinforced concrete elements, buckling of undersea pipelines, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, wind effects on buildings, and magneto-elastic interactions in conductive structures. The section on dynamic problems also
Eng. Struct. 1991, Vol. 13, October 383
Engineering Publications, USA, $20, 1969, 280 pp The book was published by the author himself in the usual report form with a softcover. It attempts to present classical theory of plasticity based essentially on the well-known concept of Drucker and Prager. It also includes the more recent developments of multi-surface and bounding surface plasticity and Valanis" endochronic theory. The book should be treated as brief lecture notes containing 208 double-spaced pages of text and 89 pages of appendices. Chapter 4 on incremental theory of plasticity has only about 50 pages and covers essentially all basic concepts and fornmlations of the classical theory including one-dimension:d plasticity, yield criteria, plastic potential function, hardening rules, perfect plasticity, and effective stress and effective strain concepts. The book has therefore a very limited in-depth discussion of the theory. There arc less than 10 solved example problems in the entire book, :rod only two examples arc presented in this core chapter, Chapter 4. The author uses more th:m half of the book to discuss some advanced or related topics on pk,sticity including viscoplasticity, cndochronic theory, multi-surface models as well as curvelifting techniques of uniaxial stressstrain data. These topics are generally not covered in an introductory course on plasticity. The subject of the bt~k is limited to metal plasticity and no discussions are given on how these theories may be implemented in a solution procedure for an elastic-plastic analysis (Part 2 of the book in progress may cover this aspect of numerical implementation). Most chapters in the bt~k have end-of chapter problems but no answers or solution manual are available. It appears that the book is aimed to engineers, but no specific engineering applications have been discussed. In summary, the b~a~k should be treated as brief lecture notes. not as a regular textb~a~k for an introductory course on metal plasticity.
W. F. Chen
Concrete and concrete structures: numerical modelling and applications M. Y. H. Bangosh Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, UK, £95.00, 668 pp, 0 185 1 6 6 2 9 4 4
This book provides a valuable addition to the Elsevier Applied Science research monographs on aspects of structural engineering. Like other texts in the series, it is well produced, with clear text and figures. It will be of particular value to research and engineers involved in the numerical modeUing of concrete structures. It is perhaps a sign of the times that such an esoteric subject requires such a long text. The book has 668 pages and contains 1039 references. Even so it is not fully comprehensive. It has little to say, for example, on the smeared crack approach to the analysis of panels and slabs, or on strain localization. These omissions are surprising, as both topics have featured significantly in journal articles over the past decade. The reader is assumed to have at least a gradt, ate's knowledge of material science and numerical methods. There is a good survey of theoretical material models. However. it is tacitly assumed thai concrete properties over a structure can be determined fronl the data providcd by simple tests on specimens. No account is taken of either random or known trends in strength variation over a structure, nor of the effect of confineIllent by reinfi)rcement on concrete properties. An unwary reader could be led inlo thinking that analytical predictions have a greater degree of certainty, than is actually the case. However, the book does cover important topics which have not always been given due consideration in nonlinear analysis, such as: creep, shrinkage, temperature and fatigue. Implementation of nonlinear material constitutive equations in finite element inodels is described in some detail. Dynamic, buckling and impact analyses are considered. Approximately a third of the book is taken up with case studies of applications. There is an impressive array of large, prestigous structures - diversion tunnels for hydro-electric schemes, nuclear reactor vessels, containment vessels, nuclear shelters, silos, offshore structures for the oil industry and liquified natural gas tanks. After reading this section, it is difficult not to believe that nonlinear analysis of concrete structures has come of age, and that the method should be more widely known and used. This b~a~k is a valuable contribution to the process of bringing that about and to the continuing education of engineers.
R. J. Cope
Computers and experiments in stress analysis Eds G. M. Carlomagno and C. A. Brebbia
Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, UK This book is one of two volumes resulting from the fourth International Conference in Computational Mechanics held in Capri. Italy, in May 1989; the companion volume covers computers and experiments in fluid flow. The volume is divided into five sections: material problems, seismic studies, structures and stress analysis, dynamic problems, and data aquisition and experiments. In total there are 38 individual contributions and the number of different typefaces used in their preparation immediately identifies this as a set of conference proceedings, however, there is no recorded discussion of any of these contributions. The many mathematical formulae are well laid out and the figures are generally clear if on the small side in a number of places. Overall, however, the presentation does not detract too much from the technical content. Section I has six contributions in the general area of material properties. Two describe dcvelt~pments in statistical modelling to allow a better treatment of the variability of the mechanical propertics of brittle materials and two show dcvclopn~cms in computatkmal procedures to handle general elasto-plastic problems and anisotropie woven fabric materials respectively. Others report on the practical application of existing software to study nonlinear behaviour of reinfi~rced concrete walls, and on the thcrmo-mechanical behaviour of rock salt. The five contributions in Section 2 are devoted to earthquakes and prediction, observation and measurement of their effects on buildings. There are good reviews with copious references on the source mechanism of earthquakes, the prediction of the ground motion likely to result from them, and on the factors influencing the attenuation mechanisms of seismic waves. The third and largest section contains 12 contributions covering nine different topics. One of two invited contributions reviews the variability of data and suggests how the use of an appropriate finite element procedure can aid the design of data aquisition experiments. The other discusses the implications for engineering computation of recent developments in computing power. The remaining contributions cover: active building control. crack propagation, reinforced concrete elements, buckling of undersea pipelines, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, wind effects on buildings, and magneto-elastic interactions in conductive structures. The section on dynamic problems also
Eng. Struct. 1991, Vol. 13, October 383