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Investigation into the possibility of preparing unsaturated compounds of cellulose by the Chugaev reaction
Abstracts
323
I t was s h o ~ n t h a t owing to partial hydrolysis of its amide groups polyacrylamide is a polyelectrolyte. E v i d e n t l y from this stems its high solubility in water. F r o m its reduced viscosity in distilled water it follows t h a t the degree of hydrolysis (i. e. the effective degree of ionization) of polyacrylamide is not very large. A number of practical suggestions have been given for estimating the quality of tbe technical product in the process laboratory. MOLECULAR INTERACTION IN POLYMER SOLUTIONS--II. THE THIRD VIRIAL CO. EFFICIENT OF SOLUTIONS OF FLEXIBLE MACROMOLECULAR CHAINS
¥u.
E . E i s n e r , ~ : y s o k o m o ] . s o e d i n . 2: :No. 3, 3 6 0 - 3 6 4 ,
]960.
THE third virial coefficient of linear macromolecules in the region of the F i e r y point has been calculated within the framework of the "pearl necklace" mode]. The results obtained have been compared with the theories of Stockmayer-Casassa and K a w a i based on the "'smoothened dernsity" model. SYNTHESIS AND POLYMERIZATION PHOSPHONITRILES
OF ARYLPHOSPHONITEILES
V. V. K o r s h a k , I . A. G r i b o v a , T. V. A r t a m o n o v a m o l . s o e d i n . 2: :No. 3, 3 7 7 - 3 8 5 , 1960.
AND
ALKYL.
a n d A. N . B u s h m a r i n a , V y s o k o -
TItE reaction of diary]- and dialkylphosphotrichlorides and annnonium chloride in organic solvents has been investigated. Various products have been sho~n to form, depending upon the conditions of the reaction. At 175°C and ,~ith excess ammonium chloride octaphenyltetraphosphonitrile is formed. Based on the results obtained views have been expressed as 1o the reaction n~echanism. The polymerization of the phosphonitrile derivatives has been studied over the tempe. r~ture range 320-500°C on the example of octaphenyltbtraphosphonitrils. Under these conditions a mixtttre of tri-, penta- and hexamers is obtained, as well as a product insoluble in organic solvents and softening at 350-450°C. INVESTIGATION INTO THE POSSIBILITY OF PREPARING UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS OF CELLULOSE BY THE CHUGAEV REACTION
A. 1. P o l y a k o v V. A. D e r e v i t s k a y a :No. 3, 3 8 6 - 3 8 9 , 1960.
a n d Z. A. R o g o v i n , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2
PItELIMINARY studies have been made to ascertain the possibility of obtaining unsaturated cellulose compounds b y the thermal degradation of the eellulose-xanthogenic acid derivatives, the dixanthogenide and methylxanthogenate. I t has been shown t h a t the degradation of the derivatives proceeds according to the mechanism proposed by Chugaev. GEOMETRY OF LINEAR POLYMERS--VII. THE INFLUENCE OF VOLUME EFFECTS ON THE SHAPE OF MACROMOLECULES IN SOLUTION
O. B. P t i t s y n ,
V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2: 1~'o. 3, 3 9 0 - 3 9 6 ,
1960.
TtI~_ influence of volume effects on the shape of macromolecules in solution was investigated by means of the statistical m e t h o d developed earlier. I t was shown t h a t near the O-point the end-to-end distance of the polymer chain increases somewhat more rapidly t h a n the distance between the middle point of the chain and the end-to-end vector, but this effect is very small. From a discussion of the relationship between the flow birefringence of poly.
323
I t was s h o ~ n t h a t owing to partial hydrolysis of its amide groups polyacrylamide is a polyelectrolyte. E v i d e n t l y from this stems its high solubility in water. F r o m its reduced viscosity in distilled water it follows t h a t the degree of hydrolysis (i. e. the effective degree of ionization) of polyacrylamide is not very large. A number of practical suggestions have been given for estimating the quality of tbe technical product in the process laboratory. MOLECULAR INTERACTION IN POLYMER SOLUTIONS--II. THE THIRD VIRIAL CO. EFFICIENT OF SOLUTIONS OF FLEXIBLE MACROMOLECULAR CHAINS
¥u.
E . E i s n e r , ~ : y s o k o m o ] . s o e d i n . 2: :No. 3, 3 6 0 - 3 6 4 ,
]960.
THE third virial coefficient of linear macromolecules in the region of the F i e r y point has been calculated within the framework of the "pearl necklace" mode]. The results obtained have been compared with the theories of Stockmayer-Casassa and K a w a i based on the "'smoothened dernsity" model. SYNTHESIS AND POLYMERIZATION PHOSPHONITRILES
OF ARYLPHOSPHONITEILES
V. V. K o r s h a k , I . A. G r i b o v a , T. V. A r t a m o n o v a m o l . s o e d i n . 2: :No. 3, 3 7 7 - 3 8 5 , 1960.
AND
ALKYL.
a n d A. N . B u s h m a r i n a , V y s o k o -
TItE reaction of diary]- and dialkylphosphotrichlorides and annnonium chloride in organic solvents has been investigated. Various products have been sho~n to form, depending upon the conditions of the reaction. At 175°C and ,~ith excess ammonium chloride octaphenyltetraphosphonitrile is formed. Based on the results obtained views have been expressed as 1o the reaction n~echanism. The polymerization of the phosphonitrile derivatives has been studied over the tempe. r~ture range 320-500°C on the example of octaphenyltbtraphosphonitrils. Under these conditions a mixtttre of tri-, penta- and hexamers is obtained, as well as a product insoluble in organic solvents and softening at 350-450°C. INVESTIGATION INTO THE POSSIBILITY OF PREPARING UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS OF CELLULOSE BY THE CHUGAEV REACTION
A. 1. P o l y a k o v V. A. D e r e v i t s k a y a :No. 3, 3 8 6 - 3 8 9 , 1960.
a n d Z. A. R o g o v i n , V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2
PItELIMINARY studies have been made to ascertain the possibility of obtaining unsaturated cellulose compounds b y the thermal degradation of the eellulose-xanthogenic acid derivatives, the dixanthogenide and methylxanthogenate. I t has been shown t h a t the degradation of the derivatives proceeds according to the mechanism proposed by Chugaev. GEOMETRY OF LINEAR POLYMERS--VII. THE INFLUENCE OF VOLUME EFFECTS ON THE SHAPE OF MACROMOLECULES IN SOLUTION
O. B. P t i t s y n ,
V y s o k o m o l . s o e d i n . 2: 1~'o. 3, 3 9 0 - 3 9 6 ,
1960.
TtI~_ influence of volume effects on the shape of macromolecules in solution was investigated by means of the statistical m e t h o d developed earlier. I t was shown t h a t near the O-point the end-to-end distance of the polymer chain increases somewhat more rapidly t h a n the distance between the middle point of the chain and the end-to-end vector, but this effect is very small. From a discussion of the relationship between the flow birefringence of poly.