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Investigations of hazardous waste sites using thermal IR and ground penetrating radar
SITE INVESTIGATIONS:REMOTE SENSING 953071 The RPR method for the doorstopper technique: four or six stress components from one or two boreholes R. Corthesy, M. H. Leite, G. He & D. E. Gill, International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 31(5), 1994, pp 507-516. The importance of continuously recording strain (or displacement) recovery during stress relief when conducting in situ stress measurements has been recognized by many authors as a means of assessing the quality of a measurement. This paper describes an important new use for these strain recovery curves, as four components of the stress tensor can now be obtained from one modified doorstopper stress measurement using a parameter called the recovered to peak strain invariant ratio (RPR). Validation of the model is achieved by laboratory stress measurement ~rnulations. Finally, comments on preliminary results of this method applied to the borehole deformation gauge stress measurement technique are made. (from Authors)
SITE INVESTIGATION AND FIELD OBSERVATION Remote sensing and photographic techniques 953072 Total work control system for tunnels using satellite GPS and automatic laser control T. Kanzaki, K. Nakano & S. Nishizawa, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Proc. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salam, (Balkema), 1994, pp 371-376. The proposed system applies electronics technology to conventional geographical surveying for tunneling inside mountains, called the Total Tunneling Work Control System. The system is composed of two sub-systems. One is the GPS satellite precision trL~ed-point surveying system which is used to check reference points at both ends of a tunnel prior to commencement of construction work. The other system is the three-dimensional marking system. In this system, a scanning device automatically controls a laser beam to continuously illuminate points on the excavation face and conducts face-marking more quickly and precisely. (from Authors) 953073 Remote sensing for solid waste landfdls and hazardous waste sites R. K. Vincent, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 60(8), 1994, pp 979-982. Geological remote sensing can be used to characterize solid waste landfills and hazardous waste sites in two ways: the use of digitized stereo photos to compute digital elevation models (DEM) of the landfill and the use of multispectral image data to map chemical compositional differences that are environmentally significant. The former can result in more accurate predictions of surface water run-off, measurement of the volume of water that can be stored in depressions in the landfill surface, and performance of volumetric measurements. The latter can likely be used to map clays, iron oxides associated with contaminated groundwater geochemical 'cells,' stressed vegetation, and even gaseous methane plumes escaping from the landfill. (Author) 953074 Classification of depressions in landfill covers using uncalibrated thermal-infrared Imagery C. Stohr & & 6 others, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 60(8), 1994, pp 1019-1028.
II3A
A two-step analysis was used to classify depressions developed in covers of two landfills: 1) manual delineation of depressions by stereoscopic, aerial photographic interpretation, followed by 2) classification of depressions according to infiltration characteristics using uncalibrated, nighttime, airborne, thermal IR imagery. Depressions were delineated as landforms according to their topographic expression using color infrared aerial photography. Classification of depressions into Type I or Type II was made by comparison of mean values of the digital numbers (exitance) inside and outside of a depression (interdepressional area). Comparison of sample means of digital numbers was made using the t-test. The use of the two-step method will permit early detection of apparent infiltration characteristics of depressions formed in landfill covers. (Authors) 953075 Investigations of hazardous waste sites using thermal IR and ground penetrating radar G. J. Well, R. J. Graf & L. M. Forister, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 60(8), 1994, pp 999-1005. The remote sensing techniques of infrared thermography and ground penetrating radar can be used to detect buried waste sites, buried tanks/pits, and both potentially hazardous and non hazardous fluid leak plumes. These technologies can be used to investigate tens of acres per day when used in a combined format which includes rapid survey techniques and manual data analysis. This new fusion of technologies is demonstrated with the use of empirical data in the form of case studies. (Authors) 953076 Evaluating a low-cost, non-metric aerial mapping system for waste site investigators W. S. Warner, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 60(8), 1994, pp 983-988. This paper examines a complete low-cost aerial mapping system for waste site investigation. Photos taken with a handheld, standard 35-mm camera are enlarged using a commercial color copier. Stereoscopic and monoscopic measurements are captured with a digiti~ng tablet using conventional photogrammetric solutions. System development and operating procedures are outlined, followed by three waste site applications. Particular attention is devoted to errors associated with interior orientation. (Author) 953077 Identification of fluviaHy redistributed mill tallings using high spectral resolution aircraft data L. K. Fenstermaker & J. R. Miller, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 60(8), 1994, pp 989-995. High spectral resolution data have been successfully used to separate hydrothermally altered rocks from other rock assemblages on the basis of unique clay mineral absorption features at infrared wavelengths. Geoscan Mk II data were acquired to delineate mercury-contaminated mill railings located within a site in north central Nevada. These mill tailing sediments are composed of hydrothermally altered material and should be distinguishable in the C-eoscan data. This paper discusses the identification of redistributed mill railings on the alluvial fan. (from Authors) 953078 Microtopographic analysis of cobalt-rich manganese deposits on a mid-Pacific seamount T. Yamazaki, R. Sharma & K. Tsurusaki, Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 12(1), 1994, pp 33-52. Evaluation of stereo photographs and video data shows a variety of surface features associated with the crusts and nodules across a mid-Pacific seamount. The differences in the coverage, distribution, and relief are used to classify the
SITE INVESTIGATION AND FIELD OBSERVATION Remote sensing and photographic techniques 953072 Total work control system for tunnels using satellite GPS and automatic laser control T. Kanzaki, K. Nakano & S. Nishizawa, in: Tunnelling and ground conditions. Proc. congress, Cairo, 1994, ed M.E.A. Salam, (Balkema), 1994, pp 371-376. The proposed system applies electronics technology to conventional geographical surveying for tunneling inside mountains, called the Total Tunneling Work Control System. The system is composed of two sub-systems. One is the GPS satellite precision trL~ed-point surveying system which is used to check reference points at both ends of a tunnel prior to commencement of construction work. The other system is the three-dimensional marking system. In this system, a scanning device automatically controls a laser beam to continuously illuminate points on the excavation face and conducts face-marking more quickly and precisely. (from Authors) 953073 Remote sensing for solid waste landfdls and hazardous waste sites R. K. Vincent, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 60(8), 1994, pp 979-982. Geological remote sensing can be used to characterize solid waste landfills and hazardous waste sites in two ways: the use of digitized stereo photos to compute digital elevation models (DEM) of the landfill and the use of multispectral image data to map chemical compositional differences that are environmentally significant. The former can result in more accurate predictions of surface water run-off, measurement of the volume of water that can be stored in depressions in the landfill surface, and performance of volumetric measurements. The latter can likely be used to map clays, iron oxides associated with contaminated groundwater geochemical 'cells,' stressed vegetation, and even gaseous methane plumes escaping from the landfill. (Author) 953074 Classification of depressions in landfill covers using uncalibrated thermal-infrared Imagery C. Stohr & & 6 others, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 60(8), 1994, pp 1019-1028.
II3A
A two-step analysis was used to classify depressions developed in covers of two landfills: 1) manual delineation of depressions by stereoscopic, aerial photographic interpretation, followed by 2) classification of depressions according to infiltration characteristics using uncalibrated, nighttime, airborne, thermal IR imagery. Depressions were delineated as landforms according to their topographic expression using color infrared aerial photography. Classification of depressions into Type I or Type II was made by comparison of mean values of the digital numbers (exitance) inside and outside of a depression (interdepressional area). Comparison of sample means of digital numbers was made using the t-test. The use of the two-step method will permit early detection of apparent infiltration characteristics of depressions formed in landfill covers. (Authors) 953075 Investigations of hazardous waste sites using thermal IR and ground penetrating radar G. J. Well, R. J. Graf & L. M. Forister, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 60(8), 1994, pp 999-1005. The remote sensing techniques of infrared thermography and ground penetrating radar can be used to detect buried waste sites, buried tanks/pits, and both potentially hazardous and non hazardous fluid leak plumes. These technologies can be used to investigate tens of acres per day when used in a combined format which includes rapid survey techniques and manual data analysis. This new fusion of technologies is demonstrated with the use of empirical data in the form of case studies. (Authors) 953076 Evaluating a low-cost, non-metric aerial mapping system for waste site investigators W. S. Warner, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 60(8), 1994, pp 983-988. This paper examines a complete low-cost aerial mapping system for waste site investigation. Photos taken with a handheld, standard 35-mm camera are enlarged using a commercial color copier. Stereoscopic and monoscopic measurements are captured with a digiti~ng tablet using conventional photogrammetric solutions. System development and operating procedures are outlined, followed by three waste site applications. Particular attention is devoted to errors associated with interior orientation. (Author) 953077 Identification of fluviaHy redistributed mill tallings using high spectral resolution aircraft data L. K. Fenstermaker & J. R. Miller, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 60(8), 1994, pp 989-995. High spectral resolution data have been successfully used to separate hydrothermally altered rocks from other rock assemblages on the basis of unique clay mineral absorption features at infrared wavelengths. Geoscan Mk II data were acquired to delineate mercury-contaminated mill railings located within a site in north central Nevada. These mill tailing sediments are composed of hydrothermally altered material and should be distinguishable in the C-eoscan data. This paper discusses the identification of redistributed mill railings on the alluvial fan. (from Authors) 953078 Microtopographic analysis of cobalt-rich manganese deposits on a mid-Pacific seamount T. Yamazaki, R. Sharma & K. Tsurusaki, Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 12(1), 1994, pp 33-52. Evaluation of stereo photographs and video data shows a variety of surface features associated with the crusts and nodules across a mid-Pacific seamount. The differences in the coverage, distribution, and relief are used to classify the