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Ipsilateral corticocortical connections of area PG of the brain in macaque monkeys
S77 D I S T R I B U T I O N O F P E P T I D E S A N D 5-HT C O N T A I N I N G N E U R O N S
IN T H E P O R C I N E SPINAL CORD.
_MAKOTO HIRAKAWA, K E N Z O K_U_MA~4_0_TO~__MIT_SUH_I_RO__KA~WATA A N D Y U T A K A
S ANO~_Department of_Anatem~{, K~yoto P r e f e c t u r a l U n i v e r s i t y o f M e d i c i De, K a w a r a m a c h i - H i r o k o j i ~ _ m _ i ~ g z o - ~ p A K~y_oto 602~ J ad~a_n_. T h e l o c a l i z a t i o n o f n e u r o n s w h i c h c o n t a i n S u b s t a n c e - P , M e t - e n k e p h a l i n , CGRP, NPY, BNP, a n d 5 - H T w a s immunohistochemically investigated in the porcine spinal cord. Under pentebarbital anesthesia, male pigs (Sus scrofa, body weight 30kg) were perfused with fixative containing 4~ paraformaldehyde and 0 . 2 ~ p i c r i c a c i d . S p i n a l c o r d s w i t h g a n g l i a w e r e e x t r a c t e d a n d 20 /~ m - t h i c k f r o z e n s e c t i o n s w e r e m a d e . ABC r e a c t i o n w a s p e r f o r m e d b y u s i n g a n t i b o d i e s o f t h e s e p e p t i d e s a n d a m i n e s . E a c h p e p t i d e a n d a m i n e showed a peculiar distributional pattern in the spinal cord. In the posterior horn, abundant nerve fibers w h i c h c o n t a i n e d S u b s t a n c e - P , M e t - e n k e p h a l i n , CGRP, a n d BNP w e r e o b s e r v e d , w h e r e a s a s m a l l n u m b e r of NPY- and 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers was noted. In the lateral horn, a high concentration of M e t - e n k e p h a l i n - a n d 5 - H T - i m m u n o r e a c t i v e f i b e r s w a s s e e n , w h i l e NPY- a n d S u b s t a n c e - P - i m m u n o r e a c t i v e fibers were sparsely distributed. I n c o n t r a s t t o t h e d e n s e n e t w o r k o f 5-HT c o n t a i n i n g n e r v e f i b e r s , a low c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f M e t - e n k e p h a l i n - a n d S u b s t a n c e - P - i m m u n o r e a c t i v e f i b e r s w e r e r e c o g n i z e d in t h e anterior horn. In the spinal ganglion, Substance-P- and CGRP-immunoreactive cell bodies were found.
IPSILATERAL CORTICOCORTICAL CONNECTIONS OF AREA PG OF THE BRAIN IN MACAQUE MONKEYS. HIROKO SAKO AND TOMIO ARIKUNI, Department of Anatomy Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oya~uchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173, Japan. The inferior parietal cortex of the brain in primates is a confluent area of the parietal, occipital, and temporal cortical outputs. We studied ipsilateral corticocortical connections of area PG (Pandya and Seltzer, 1982) of the inferior parietal lobule in 6 Macaca Fuscata monkeys by means of a WGA-HRP technique to clarify the precise topography, quantity, and laminar organization of cells of origin and terminals of these connections. Retrogradely labeled cells and anterogradely labeled terminals were distributed in the prefrontal cortex, including area 8, the superior premotor area, the supplementary motor area, the cingulate cortex, the superior temporal sulcal cortex, the middle temporal sulcal cortex, the banks of the occipito-temporal sulcus, area OA, and the insular cortex. Of the above regions, the dorsal and ventral banks of the principal sulcus, area 8, the caudal bank of the superior arcuate sulcus, areas 23 and 24, areas TPO, PGa, and IPa of STS (Seltzer and Pandya, 1980), and area OA contained a great deal of labeled cells and terminals. As regards labeling of the premotor area, a number of labeled terminals and a small number of labeled cells were present in a region corresponding to the supplementary eye field (Schlag and Schlag-Rey, 1985) and a moderate number of labeled cells and terminals were also seen in the ventral and dorsal banks of the arcuate spur. The present findings indicate that area PG is a pivotal region through which outputs of the somatosensory association areas, the superior temporal sulcal cortex, and the visual area OA are transmitted to the prefrontal areas 46 and 8.
STRIATED MUSCLE FIBERS IN THE PINEAL GLAND. HIDEAKI KAGAMI~ HISASHI SAKAI, Department of A n a t o m y , F a c u l t y of M e d i c i n e , Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho 65, S h o w a - k u , N a g o y a , 466 J a p a n . In t h i s s t u d y 12 W i s t a r r a t s a n d 2 b o v i n e s w e r e used. The rats and bovines were decapitated under ether and pentobarbital anesthesia, respectively. Afterwards, the brains were removed with pineal gland. S e r i a l s e c t i o n s 5 to 10 0m in thickness were cut and stained by the Loots-Loots-Joubert method. O n l y in o n e r a t were striated muscle fibers discovered. T h e p r e c u r s o r s of m u s c l e c e l l s w e r e f o u n d in 3 c a s e s in t h e rat. M o s t of t h e f i b e r s m a d e a n a r r o w b u n d l e a n d w e r e f o u n d in the peripheral zone. Blood vessels accompanied the terminals of the muscle fibers. T h e b u n d l e s of t h e c o l l a g e n f i b e r s c o v e r e d t h e s e m u s c l e f i b e r s . A nerve f i b e r r u n n i n g to t h e s t r i a t e d m u s c l e f i b e r w a s o b s e r v e d , h o w e v e r , o b v i o u s e v i d e n c e of i n n e r v a t i o n was not obtained. From these results, the following may be concluded:1.incidence of w e l l - d i f f e r e n t i a t e d s t r i a t e d m u s c l e f i b e r s is r a r e in t h e p i n e a l g l a n d of rat; 2.precursors of m u s c l e f i b e r s a r e o b s e r v e d m o r e f r e q u e n t l y ; 3.striated muscle fibers and blood vessels are closely associated; 4 . o b v i o u s inn e r v a t i o n of t h e m u s c l e f i b e r s is n o t o b s e r v e d , b u t if p o s s i b l e , t h e s e f i b e r s m a y have innervation from neural cells inside the pineal gland.
IN T H E P O R C I N E SPINAL CORD.
_MAKOTO HIRAKAWA, K E N Z O K_U_MA~4_0_TO~__MIT_SUH_I_RO__KA~WATA A N D Y U T A K A
S ANO~_Department of_Anatem~{, K~yoto P r e f e c t u r a l U n i v e r s i t y o f M e d i c i De, K a w a r a m a c h i - H i r o k o j i ~ _ m _ i ~ g z o - ~ p A K~y_oto 602~ J ad~a_n_. T h e l o c a l i z a t i o n o f n e u r o n s w h i c h c o n t a i n S u b s t a n c e - P , M e t - e n k e p h a l i n , CGRP, NPY, BNP, a n d 5 - H T w a s immunohistochemically investigated in the porcine spinal cord. Under pentebarbital anesthesia, male pigs (Sus scrofa, body weight 30kg) were perfused with fixative containing 4~ paraformaldehyde and 0 . 2 ~ p i c r i c a c i d . S p i n a l c o r d s w i t h g a n g l i a w e r e e x t r a c t e d a n d 20 /~ m - t h i c k f r o z e n s e c t i o n s w e r e m a d e . ABC r e a c t i o n w a s p e r f o r m e d b y u s i n g a n t i b o d i e s o f t h e s e p e p t i d e s a n d a m i n e s . E a c h p e p t i d e a n d a m i n e showed a peculiar distributional pattern in the spinal cord. In the posterior horn, abundant nerve fibers w h i c h c o n t a i n e d S u b s t a n c e - P , M e t - e n k e p h a l i n , CGRP, a n d BNP w e r e o b s e r v e d , w h e r e a s a s m a l l n u m b e r of NPY- and 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers was noted. In the lateral horn, a high concentration of M e t - e n k e p h a l i n - a n d 5 - H T - i m m u n o r e a c t i v e f i b e r s w a s s e e n , w h i l e NPY- a n d S u b s t a n c e - P - i m m u n o r e a c t i v e fibers were sparsely distributed. I n c o n t r a s t t o t h e d e n s e n e t w o r k o f 5-HT c o n t a i n i n g n e r v e f i b e r s , a low c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f M e t - e n k e p h a l i n - a n d S u b s t a n c e - P - i m m u n o r e a c t i v e f i b e r s w e r e r e c o g n i z e d in t h e anterior horn. In the spinal ganglion, Substance-P- and CGRP-immunoreactive cell bodies were found.
IPSILATERAL CORTICOCORTICAL CONNECTIONS OF AREA PG OF THE BRAIN IN MACAQUE MONKEYS. HIROKO SAKO AND TOMIO ARIKUNI, Department of Anatomy Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oya~uchikamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173, Japan. The inferior parietal cortex of the brain in primates is a confluent area of the parietal, occipital, and temporal cortical outputs. We studied ipsilateral corticocortical connections of area PG (Pandya and Seltzer, 1982) of the inferior parietal lobule in 6 Macaca Fuscata monkeys by means of a WGA-HRP technique to clarify the precise topography, quantity, and laminar organization of cells of origin and terminals of these connections. Retrogradely labeled cells and anterogradely labeled terminals were distributed in the prefrontal cortex, including area 8, the superior premotor area, the supplementary motor area, the cingulate cortex, the superior temporal sulcal cortex, the middle temporal sulcal cortex, the banks of the occipito-temporal sulcus, area OA, and the insular cortex. Of the above regions, the dorsal and ventral banks of the principal sulcus, area 8, the caudal bank of the superior arcuate sulcus, areas 23 and 24, areas TPO, PGa, and IPa of STS (Seltzer and Pandya, 1980), and area OA contained a great deal of labeled cells and terminals. As regards labeling of the premotor area, a number of labeled terminals and a small number of labeled cells were present in a region corresponding to the supplementary eye field (Schlag and Schlag-Rey, 1985) and a moderate number of labeled cells and terminals were also seen in the ventral and dorsal banks of the arcuate spur. The present findings indicate that area PG is a pivotal region through which outputs of the somatosensory association areas, the superior temporal sulcal cortex, and the visual area OA are transmitted to the prefrontal areas 46 and 8.
STRIATED MUSCLE FIBERS IN THE PINEAL GLAND. HIDEAKI KAGAMI~ HISASHI SAKAI, Department of A n a t o m y , F a c u l t y of M e d i c i n e , Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho 65, S h o w a - k u , N a g o y a , 466 J a p a n . In t h i s s t u d y 12 W i s t a r r a t s a n d 2 b o v i n e s w e r e used. The rats and bovines were decapitated under ether and pentobarbital anesthesia, respectively. Afterwards, the brains were removed with pineal gland. S e r i a l s e c t i o n s 5 to 10 0m in thickness were cut and stained by the Loots-Loots-Joubert method. O n l y in o n e r a t were striated muscle fibers discovered. T h e p r e c u r s o r s of m u s c l e c e l l s w e r e f o u n d in 3 c a s e s in t h e rat. M o s t of t h e f i b e r s m a d e a n a r r o w b u n d l e a n d w e r e f o u n d in the peripheral zone. Blood vessels accompanied the terminals of the muscle fibers. T h e b u n d l e s of t h e c o l l a g e n f i b e r s c o v e r e d t h e s e m u s c l e f i b e r s . A nerve f i b e r r u n n i n g to t h e s t r i a t e d m u s c l e f i b e r w a s o b s e r v e d , h o w e v e r , o b v i o u s e v i d e n c e of i n n e r v a t i o n was not obtained. From these results, the following may be concluded:1.incidence of w e l l - d i f f e r e n t i a t e d s t r i a t e d m u s c l e f i b e r s is r a r e in t h e p i n e a l g l a n d of rat; 2.precursors of m u s c l e f i b e r s a r e o b s e r v e d m o r e f r e q u e n t l y ; 3.striated muscle fibers and blood vessels are closely associated; 4 . o b v i o u s inn e r v a t i o n of t h e m u s c l e f i b e r s is n o t o b s e r v e d , b u t if p o s s i b l e , t h e s e f i b e r s m a y have innervation from neural cells inside the pineal gland.