Irrigation with brackish water under desert conditions. VIII. Further studies on onion (Allium cepa L.) production with brackish water

Irrigation with brackish water under desert conditions. VIII. Further studies on onion (Allium cepa L.) production with brackish water

I/~rwldlm al I'l/at+,r MamJfi+'m+'nl, I I-~ ( I!-IH9 ) 2i)l - ' J l h El:,aX'ler ~l.lalli'P F'uhhslll+r+., B.V., AITl,.+(+l-'l'...
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.I/~rwldlm al I'l/at+,r MamJfi+'m+'nl,

I I-~ ( I!-IH9 ) 2i)l - ' J l h El:,aX'ler ~l.lalli'P F'uhhslll+r+., B.V., AITl,.+(+l-'l'
'Jill

Irrigation w i t h B r a c k i s h Water u n d e r Desert, C o n d i t i o n s . VIll. F u r t h e r S t u d i e s on Onion (Allium eepa L.) P r o d u c t i o n w i t h B r a c k i s h Water '~' f ) F , ' , M A I , A ( ' H ~,L). P A , " 4 ' T ' E R N A I ( " , 5 S A I,A M '

MENL)LIN(IER',I

FIIiR(iVI('"'ln(t

N ABI)EL

i [t'¢Inlol N+'I~,'I' /i'+'lTI+m++7[~'+~£ill+'l[ ..ll~rwu/lura/ ,~_'loll<~n, Ha/ut,,,a [II+~hth' I-',~;;I ,~,~hl/~ l l.,~la+'/) "l'he f~'mJ<~I/ ottd ~'Imda B++v/,'+~ [tl:.+tltllt+-'/l+r ,.IprtI'ullur+' i7tld App/l+'d /"~lll/i///~ X', Tim hl.',tltIH+"+ /<~r ,.lpp[li,d [1'+..,,+,ifl'l'h, B+'ll + ;llrltltt I_ +Fill'+'r:,tt +' tl/ th+:' i~'l'/~i'l ', [~ I ) Lr~l+k [I'P+,Ip. ++(-'4't' ,+h.°+'/.l ,/'~.#I It} +I.',++1,'I)

"f'/W ,~¢a/mttv l,ah++rahn v, ,lfirt+'++llur+' [~'+'+,+,or('h ('('nh'r EhJ+ 1,'+~.,+,,4/t'xondrla ( [;.l~X'F~tJ ( +x,l'l'aIlll-,lJ '..q~ ,l'lllU'lry

19~9 )

,,x FI,%'T' R A( "I-' [)a M ' l h J r h . Y . F''lslaln'lh, I-), MP, rldhnL.,,al, ,% , B, m w i , ' , I a n d Al:_)d El S ' l l a m , N . l!-),~'.i Irril.,,'lll~irl w l l h l~r''lM~i+,h w ' l l e r ur..lar dPl.iarl r u n i J i l l u t i s VIII FlJrIll<-'r hllJillPs 1911 ,illl, lrl
ura lirt gar minul liirl ill 4illlllll liaadh,

l h a allacl qll ',lal.',e oI' +:~tlllril,?;Jl lilt( qirl o n l l n l vii-'l(], l-,,.;+,lllle vartM,'+] dllll+rancl-,+; Ill +,'ill h i l e r a n r a , +IIld l l+la all'act ~)I +.,'llmilV ,~ri w ' l l e r 'lnd liill l'alal llm+.;l'llp+, qpl lliP Id'lni', l~+~Pla hllJlJlad III l'll,~r'ul+~r', 'lH:l l'lahJ a x I-far inlanl % S t r o n g llllq-.l+..l('tlilil w'l,., hliJrld hl-,Iw,B.Pn llla i-'l'l'eI'th qll ,.,'llirlil~. 'lnd li-'[llpl-,rBllJrP fill liFllqill gar rlll rl'll lllil A I I ' . ~ 1" iml4111 ++I"P+('Is [2,Pr rl+lln'lh-,d hJllv Ill Vll ro wll h w a l a r h'l'+,qllg 'ill alael rll''ll (.ililiJlJ('l I'.. it~ (l.:i) ill IJFJ hi 3(I (],~/rrl AI 34) C I_,+arlTiln'lllim wan allllqiP,l ripnlplalalv 'lrra,_.,led hi,' 'ill l-.;i' ,il '?()lJ~/ In l,i~x,,,Pr h-'rrlpal''llljra +..lll(] hll_.,,l-ier hallll11v IJiill+l rPq]u('ad llla ~ivar'lll r'lla (ii iltllllll l-4(-'trllllh'.II lq)ll In illa ilah'l, i',irlllnUqlu+.i d l l p Irr'igallilrl ,*I' ,(ill, ill w l l h w'ller h'lVlrlI4 al<-,clrwal q qilldlli'llVllll-,+; ill I '.~..l li. I; 11 a n d i-I l)rl.'4/rrl rasulh-'d iii liPW(-'I'a dla ,irl' +,P,ai]llnI_,,+, ill I I'la +;'llllll,'.l-'i"l pl~+h., dU['l[II.' , llla llr+,l !ii) d'lv,, ,~I l.,,r,~wl h arid, 1'I ,rlh("ClUe'ill l+' ,lli ++averal'~.. redlJ('ed ~,,iPI(:l ,~I IHjlh+., (+,
IN"I'Ni_K)I tC'l'l(

N

(_)tlt~m t;+ Mas;+il'te
I)3'i~ ,'I [ '; .I /,~9,1::iI )3 ,p(F

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vPgetalllP

( Maas

arid

H~d'l'n'lail.

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<.'r'(~l_) l'<~r lh.P N e g i - w desi-,l'r i~I' I s r a , - , l , w h i - , r e m i l c h

'L' 19/'I!I El,,Pxuar :'.lr,-,n,'a PIJl'pll,,har,, B s+'

lilt )Ill

~ Kill' ~I'~I,'S'i H I'll I'll

~bl't he trt'IL.latt
thr<,i+.,,l~ N~v<-,r111)er (~g.Y]lllall cuJltlvar.'.+), all~l +_ig;.llll in Fellr~lar',, (~'x l-+i~,+'r' :.+Hie ). L)lJrllll.. +, thin l_)erh,l tile lelnper;Ittlrl-' + d ' t h e l~gJ e-;<~II It_fret rll;.l ~, I atH..,,e rl.~lll (,,.i. :I(+ (' tq)I'Ll ;') (_+ "rerrlr)el'+ItUl'e ++l'l'e~'l.~ l.~th t h e rule arid l h e l)er'i'erll+l+..t,e ~)I

~rli~ii gerlr~iihuri+~ll ( l,,~v+It~ ~_II~
Ihe g<-u'ttlillatl~r~ I)r<)<'e:.,l ,', ( A h l al~l F'<~w,erl:., 1!1;+,~, I~"ral~'UIn anr~+.',t'eP+:.i Itm~le in IjHIIll_.. +, +salll+e w a t e r I'<~r Cr~l~ I~r~,h~'tl<~ll h+l:., ~eP,+tIlle
I1~,' ;~n~:~l,~ll~;,', m~)r'ldl
~1[ Wlll~'tl I...,I~l+~,el..; Ihe ~'1'~1~ iiiider

iiiveP;t I~LIt Iqill II-, Ill
+.,+lll nen:.,lllVe, +_.;<~uP.; I,~ I~e ,'Jlde t,~
'T'III+.; I m p e r rel_)t~rl,'.., (~ll a <'(mllHlle<'l i.ihvm~d~,glC,'~l, ',.;l~l~tV ~)t (~lll
itmllagettlelll,

+ll.I gellel I('

lllllf~', ~.T'I( IIIIl.I ~'~ 1111-1 HFI '~ I',1: d-I V~ ~ [llI:[I I INI)II',[~ Illl.l,tIl[~ I ('~INI)I'I

II)'\;,

I~()~

~. III

r~,iA'T'F',IclA L,~ AND ME'T'H( )L),',4

htl~'tu~'lt¢~tt h*'ltlI~'~'lt ~-']]~'cl,'¢ i~] ,'.TIIIIIIV ~71ld l~'tllp~'r'¢71Ut~' ~It /.~'l'/Itlllallult ( )Ill(Ill (('V ( ;ran,~ .4 ) ~eed,~ were li;ermlnnted In Hll inrlll_l~th~r at 12 ', 1,~, , 24 ;ll~ll i l l ) ' ( ' irl Nn(~l ,,-;~)hltl()r'ug h~l~ iIlg elei'I rl('al i'~lllhlcl iVllle~_~ (I-.:t') I)l 1, ~, ,~. I(). Ill, I2(l. aIl~I :'~()('~/III "rtleNe '¢alue,'-; ~'~t'l'e~l.~rl~l I~ (~,'-IITI~)II(' p~ter'ltiah~ ~)1' ().(KI. () 1,J,, ( ) ; t | , i)3~, ().(~|, ()81 all~t I L!!.) M p ; j I~,aut'l l r e n l m e l i t c~mff~t'l,'.;ed five rel~ Iiuate Pel I'1 ~llnl~en, ea('h w i l h 1'2() .~eedl.~ ~eed:.~ were I)ln~'ed I[1 the IJelrl (ll:.;l~ (ill I~fl) ~1 I~'~ layel'l.~ ~1' fillet' paper (Whalln;Jr~ I ~ 1 ) l';:_ltUl";.lle¿t w I l h l Ule nail I.,~ Illl i(~rl. I~auh i.,,erllllnaIl(Ul le.~l In,~Led Lip I(~ I~4 d~_l~,,,-i Dllrllll~ Itll~ ilel'lq)d ~hnllde ~h-,ll)lllZ.e(t W~ller wa~:~ perllH_tlcullv riddled I~ the t'llter p~lper ll) reldaCe I}le eV;_lI) I~l';lle(I W : l l e r AI rile ell(t 4~1' l h e lr'ial l h e F,~,(' ~ l ' l h e NI)II.IIII)IIN Jr1 I h e [-~li'l t'l ~]il,~lte~,~ W;I!.,

Irle;_ll,ltll'e(I a l l l l

I'()ljlld l ~ Iw N()ITle ].()~l] le:'~'~ I I U l l l l h e III111;11

,¢~lille!..i

'I'1~.,

,til'l'erelwe win., II(fl ,'~tlSlder'e~l itnr~,wl~.llll I'~w Ihu-; Irinl (',errlllr~l;~lell ~.,eed:~ ,,',,ere u,~,lllle, I I~el'l~Hllunll.~ ;*nd rem~wed i'rlm~ lhe I-'elr'l
were

tr'~.ltl!~I,lrrtled

I,~ et~il)le

c:ih'itl~lft,~ti

,~i rlle~_.ln~i atl(I hl~_ltt~lnt'~l

I"l,'bl lrml,,,~ 'T~,.'~ I'whl r rmb:~ were c~n~dlw[ed ~_~tmultur~e,~u,'-,Iv

( ] ) I n h ' r m ' l ~ m h ~ , t . i e e . . ' a h ' r sahmt,v u . d Ira.' ~J : . J h m ~ u t . m 'Fhe e~,l~er~ ILwrll win., ~.iel IIIJ trl n r'andqmltzed ~lJItt, phil rle~.dgn 'F'he m,'Jitl vnruJIde wan lhe :.,altrLtly ~t' llle Irrtgali~m wuler, wittl I'~ur leveh.~ ~d' F,:c' I :~ ( l a p w;Jler), -I (). I~ (). nml ,~ I)~l~/l,I. ']"he [lille ~.11 Wl'lwh ~allne WLlJer II'r'l~Llll()n W/IN I~el:,q.lrl wal.', lhe :.+eu, hi,In t'v treat m e n l , ,'.lP.; I'~,lh~w++: ,'.;a II n iz, at i~m ul ::~,~Wl np, ( , ~ ) , :.+nil ntz.ati
l+<+lll/)f'l

- w h i l e ('all IvLIr i'llr r)re._Nel'X eN, +.+ll~r'l ~1;1~,'~rll~ ~11

lr'~lrl I1+~1~ [~'~'~/+,+vnlt.'ti~'- re
.'1).-I

',' I~l.: MAII,%q'H E.I ,+,1.

da~+,lel+~th ,lapaneNe , ' u l t l v n r l.+~r+'d. - v e l h l w , ~h~.'t d a v l e n b , l h A n l e r i G I n I~var E<'hp,++' - w h i t e , sh~lrt, <:la,vlengl,h Amet'ic~Jn <'ultlvar

+.'ul

'ultur~llp~m'lm+','~. 'The t'leM l r i a l ~ were <.'~mdu,'ted at the R~tt~;~t Negev E x p e r iinei1tal ~lali()l+i ('Iimtlti<'
T h e I tehl ,+..,,a+.+d r i p irrigate~l wlth tw
']~he rlilJr level,~l (Jr W~.ltel I +allnlt~/ ( B" = [.L!, ,4.(), t; l) a n d ,g 1) <_l,N_'/m ) were ,ill lalne
l.~, 4, i"~ l.lrld +~ ( ~ / I I i

:..;ee(J+-, ++ere g e r i r l l l l a | e d

with

IIII+.; w a l e r

w;Iter

F~u' <,tiler tre;Itlllerltl.,

l . g <:hg/m w ~ l l e r , l l l l l t t i l e phil++ w e r e

lllltil t h e v w e r e H;_llJl117.e<_I T h e

il~'-'Ild

treatlrlenh.;

irrigate(I

lhe wllh

w e r e +-;;_llinl?.ed
.lan~larv I, ]~-)~+,, .'end tile N,,ah treatlnellt++ i)rl Pellruar,v 2, I!l,g:', O n e+l~'Ii :.i;lllnl /..,:Ill(ill dLlle, t h e erltlre l'Jeh( l'ei'elVed i:ill llllil (11' WLlJer w i t h an D ' ~,I' I '..!. 4. I; ~.' ,_%<_l~/nl, ;_I+.;+ll_ll.'+)l)rl;_Ite. ']"hlm large q u a n t l t V ,)I' w a t e r ;_.l,,..l+llrell llT1111edlllle I.;LII tntz, a r . m +Ii'l he ,~.I r~, l h e l'inal Htetld.V +t;_lte malinit,V l<-,x'el,~ '.rile t retltltlelll thal re<'elx'ell i .',..!~IN/In w a t e r t hr<.Jgh~._iI t h e ,,+,eumlill mel'x'e
:.,llil pri,l'ilem l
Iltl¢ll, ,VT'I( IN WI I H FIR ,~( 'B I: ,kl ~,~,VT'E',H I INDE:I,¢ [~F;SF',[-t'I ( 1 ) N H ' I ' I I

l'q:.l ',, III

'd(l~

Inl4 the seashell, starting 21 days after s~}wing and ending <)n day 133. They were r~nanled ~n marked I i,',: 1.91] m v ;.ureas within each ~1' the treatment ph~ts L;r,m,th Dry matter l.u'<~c'h.lctmon in all treatment ph)ls (replicated 5 times) wa~., deterl+llrled hv perl~dleal harvests ~d 1 n|': area:.;, starting 74 days after L-;<~WlrI{2,~nd endtng ) L+'o/rhh~rtd+' rootcot. ( !hl~)rmrte was detertnined in leaves I'rl)m all t realrnenls. fi,ur time,:; cflJr'tng gr'<~wth Leaves were ~,ven drted, gr~)und, and extracted wilh tl. lN HN(-)~. The CI- c~mtent I~t' the filtered exlracl was delermined with ,'1 Burhler-(',~thwe rhh)rtrl
E,ql IL'T'S

Int+'r+++'tmt+ h+'t.,+'+'n t+,n+p+'ratur+, +tnd sahnit v during g+,rmmuti+m Wuter E'.<'~d' imp t.,, 21)d,q/rn had n~) effect
E//e,'t ,~/ wah'r sahtHly and ,+tog+'+~/suhntcohno <~ yt+'ld In the fiehJ after salinizatJ
'~I)l~

'~ IiF,, I%IAI ?,< 'I-I l-,'r ,~,I,

100 •

_,.o_+,,,

z 0

•

tdS/m

....

•

\+%+ ....

60

""~,.....,,,.P,--@ ~,,., c~. . .~,. . +~,+ ~ . .\~o %

I-Z

S! 40

III

•

,111i

0

~1 i/

'2O

I

I

I

i

i

l

10

i

I

,

20 ]'EMPE

RATURE

I

30 (°C)

Pig I Inl,e~artl~m betw<-'<-,l~ Pl'l'et't,++ <~1 h-.mr+~PralurP and +,allnll~+' ~1' p.,,-r~',,'v~h m ~ h l t . m . n gerrnlnall~m ill' qHII[HI hel-'d',, II1 Vllrq),

1~,','14,1"1[_)()lrlt

IL,, II'IP meal|

++l live

(h-,ll-,rlTiinal

iq)n!4

ele~'lru'al ~'~mdu~'tlX'lI~/ ( • ) 111, ( ( ) ) Ih (I, (I-I) 'J()() and ( ,/', ) i+1+(1 d $ / m are nu' hJd<-,d

gallllll~+,

(-,Xl~l'e+,+;P~J uP,

.b'landard error value,.

relatively high Therewa~,,.;tr~mg P = ( ) ( ) ( ) I ) Interm'tltm between theeft'~<.'h.= q~l' water ~sallrllt.v aml ~gtage cd',+,alllllZall~m cm IHJlh yield, nlirnber of plants/it(', and individual bulb wright. When hr'acki~h water wa~ apl_)l=ed ~tartJng at ger rnlllatiqm, a ~alLnlly ~d',-I d g / m redu~'ed the yield h.v 43%, a salinity ~d'(~ d,g/m redLi,'ed lhe vleJ
~h.u'e~l the v~eh_h+~1' ;_,11t'ult~var+.+, t)=il le.~m .~ when applied 9'7 dn.v.,~ al'ter =.;~wing than when al~plled al'ter I+,r~dav~+

Illillt ,,,", I liP,,: ~,',,'1rll IIH,~,('I~,II,,H V', A I F',[~ I IINLtL,:FI [)Iq,;F, IFrT' ( '( INI H TIt )",,It., % III

IgOc

IC)U

50

;,"k/

,

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q I

'%,'

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01

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(DAYS)

~'11}' i.~ ']-'IITI('-' r'(-'fliJ I r(~l"l h)r i',)rnple,(l-' 12,t-'rIlllrll.ll i,I h{Jliml",' anlL"l Iliree Ltrlll)te, lll l e m p e r a l t l r t ~ : q I-', ) ',~()i)~ll{"l (/', ) :It)(1 d,.~/m, Eai'h value rhlJ rll)l i.~,errlllllLtit -' lJI :[() (; SliJrlqJarql errl)f'

illrl i~l'l] pl~plJhJl iltr1411 ,)nl~m ,,t-,e(:l~,~ Ill vii r(~ ,.it h._lr I~,vel:; level~,, ,P~pre,~,~,~t-,d a:~ I,,(' ( • ) I It, (i i ) I()I), i~, Ihe rni-,,'irl i)f' I'l%,e ilt-,h-'r'm InLl{ it)nl~ T11¢-, lit} tJ,~/IT'l ',l-'~'{']l, ',,~alul-,~ are ilLi'luq'h-,(~ ., ,~alh.tV

/:.,'//~','I ~1/:;~]hnH ~' ~ ~.~',~z,lh %~,,'~_utPr'~.~;.:lllnitiP~ ,,r i; and ~ d ~ / m reduced er'rler{._~eni'e I)%' 4()~';. r'elutlve t,, 1.~ nn{] .4.t) d:'l,/in wal(.-,l' ( Fip,. 4a ). A f t e r emerl?,eril'(-', seedltrll~s ~ru(hJ~..tllv d,~,t ()1'1' l)%,el' ;_1 perll)d i)l' ~)() dav~.; (_)n da'~, l:l!3 at't.er ~,winl~, tile Ill.IiTIlie|' lit' L4eelJlllll~ Ill Ill(,, pl,,I ri-'{'(,,l'~,.'illg w:.H.er ()1' H, clS/rn Wl_lS reqtu('e(t t(t :}/l"rl", in the (; (t~/tll I r'e~_tl IIIPrll {() ]~/ITI", alld in the 4 dS/trl tre~.ltmenl I~) X(;/in':: while Irl the l ',..! (],~/111 ph)|:',, ttl(,, s(-'~'llllll~_~ l~umher r e m a i n e d ~Lahle at 115,/rn" g~lllnilv ha(I nl, el'['e(.'l ~,1 !.il-,(,,,tltng iterl~.~tl), w h e n tl wa~.~ aplllied ~) ( FI~4 .4b) ~lr !)7 ( Fi~, ...i,' ) davl.~ at'l(-'r F;I IW I 11 ~.~,

II, IIh,1~'~ where irl'igatt{irl

w i t h 14.()d~/m

water wa~.-; he~,nsrl

I,rl

,January

|, 4;~'~

'J(iN

'~ DF', I~IAI,Aq '1-1 F:'T' AI,

•, o l l ....

24

deplh

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J

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Fig ~ ~,"ur nul.n~m wilh I.nme ,~1 F.:q',. al. Ihree ~,(ll (h-,pl h~+ h~r ~ml(HZ plant.,.; nrr n~,ale(l wllh water ,~1 ( • I I 2, (<_>) .-I II, (I-I) ~ (), and ( ~ ) ~ ( ) d S / r n T h e vahJe~.; hbr I he ~'q)nt.rld ( I 'J d S / m ) are mean,,, qd' h del.ernlli(allq~(l~ P,)r lhe Ldher Ir'vatrrlen[~.~ Ihev are mean.,., uf b value~.; utd.nl (Jay t}l), ,ll I() vuhJe~.; unl iI day !rT, and
days after suwlng, the plunt.s I:..Irewat. exueLly t.he s u r n e rut.e as plants recelvin~ 1.~ dS/in wat.er, from that. dat.e unt.il March 1~ (2.5 m,mt.hs later) (Rig. h). After t,his p(,nt,, h<~wever, the grc)wth rate of tile N dS/m plant,s remained o m stunt, while the gr<~w-th of c
II~I¢IIIA'IliIN %!,I'T'I-I BH,~I'I41~;I-I WA'T'F:[I I NI_it,',H riI,:,~;EH'T'<'IiNliI'T'IliNH VIII

'.q)9

I

TABLE

Ellecl ill waler sall,ilDi and :~IaF4P ol saliruzal illn lin ylehJ and yield i'llmpilrIenh.; of ( l l a r i i l .1 onlllri l? Ih i;laV~4 a l l e r !.+llwlng )+ Sllll4e ,d

( )nliirl .yield (kg/I11 rri" ) ,'.il irr ig,'il liiti waler Eli' ( d S / r n i

;,ill III I'Z,;J I li irl

I i~

i+ i)

P~ ()

i'~ 1)

rvIP+JI|

S, iV,,lllg 'T'w. le;Jveh PIX,P IPLIX.'P!.,

!if) ()H ill) (IN i)l) ()H

'aM 3h 33 91; .1 I 52

4 12 ~'; N9 4" H'7

() ,1,1 'J'J ,Ill :r7 23

'.l.ll %, r 33 !iN b .1'2 !13 a

Mean

hll lIN

3.1 tiI

'24 9t;

30 02

N u m b e r ,ll p l a n t s / I ( I ,~q iwtrig

in'

pixie leave=,,

3!~ 35 :lh

'7t;'7 I ( I'..l~ I I hi-;

INI) 11)61 IL'II

L~!-t !'I.-IO 11'73

Mean

35

I(l(Ih

H,l'7

7 I.-I

Twu

I(-,~.~v ~,~.i

,¢JH II Iqlh7 a I I+;!I a

Well4hl ill i , l d l v l d u a l I')ulbs (I-1,) ,%lWlnl 4 'T'wq~ leave,:, F i v e leaves

.-Ih 'J ,-Ih './ ,lh 'J

3t-; '7 :11 :t :It; ,1

'21 4 '21;. I :_It-;.()

Ih () '2',.+ !) :l'J.,l

Mean

4,', 'J

:14 H

37 H

33 4

'J!-) +; a 31 ,-I il 3'7 !~ u

+VahJe:+ irl c, plunmL.; wil h e.iarrle, lelh-'rs d,~ n, fl differ al P : ()()h

sampling date, lN,4 rDAS, the dry weight ~d'8 d S / m IJlants was +rely 55% thai .d' ,.'cmt rl d p l a n t s .

E//+'<'t ./ ,~ahmty .n plant .,at+'r rHattun,~hlp,~ Leat'(Jsn,)tic pq)tentlal,,.+ (n=) at, vari(ius times during gr
sh()wll).

'.' I()

'=' [)1': ,%IAI ,,~,1'11 I'"T' AI

I

Sallnlzollon

from

(ODAS)IL!

germination

15(:]

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leaf

{e~) D A S ) I! ii

I i,

u '111

u. I,~O O n, u,I IUO ,

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C ~ellnlzatlon

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I 5 th

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i

i

(=~

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[

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L~ '''~

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l

'lO DAYS

I

ISl) AF f E B

F'II.~, 4 EIh=('l i~l' i r r l f i a l i(111 w a t e r

,

,

I

9U SOWING

i

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I

i

I

I:('0 (DAS)

.'-;aJlllll. V , m ,.,eedlllll.', ,.,iJrVlval (lIJrllll] , I he Iir.,-,l I:1~)I"laV[.; Ll[|l-'r FiilWlll[~,

npphed ,)n (a) day (), (b) day t;h, a r i d ( ( ' ) (Ja~ !1'7 oiler '.,oWlrl F, %~'al.el' F;I' ( • ) I 2, (~_p) .-I I), (1-1) t; iI, and i,,, ) ~, il ¢l~/m F~a,'h v:.]llJl• ip, lh(-' rile;Ill tit' [)d~lerrrlll|d.II liirl:, ,glaluJard

,~alllle

walef

w;t:.;

t-'rl'i=r ','ahJl-,Fi ~Jr(.-, i|l('hJiJPd

g'/l~'rt ./ ,,~ahtnt,v utt A'o/ Hflut't'd~, r.m'~'ntrr~tintt

T a l d e ~ ~hiiw,~ tile c h l o r i d e i'(in4.'entratl(m in leave,~ q~t' p l ~ n t ~ i r r i ~ a t e d w i t h r(lllr grude~ ()r w a t e r . (.)n l he h r s t ,~a m p l l n g (,'cesium, th e c h h l r i d e c, mci=nt ral i~tn w;I,'-; ,~lrrlll;_lr ['(~r ;.,ill ['l)ur treni'nlellt,~. Frlll]l t h e [)egltllllng I)[' Fel)rl.lar~/ (!-~!-) l)g,g ) i l n i l l tit( .= e n d (_)l' M u n ' h ( IF,] IRA:.;), the lear c h h ) r l d e t'imi'(-,lltrai.l(m wL.II;; fa i rl y ++l ,'d_)h-, in ;.,ill ,,-ialinttv { r e a l m e n l g " t h e le:.lf < ' h h l r M e i'imi.'enlr,"ltl(m int'reLtB;t-,(I Irlal"kedlv t'r(ml t h e <'ontr{)l lit t h e 4 l) d,g/l'n p l u l l l s , w i t h flt_t r u r t h e r in<'l,'(-,a,~e wil h i ll('l'(-,;.I;_.;ir|~ i r r l g a l l i m w;.,iter S;_llinlt%

ll(I+I(;,YI I()N k~ l IH BF4,kt '1'~I:_,1-IX~,gl rim( IlND~'H L)Ptt',,l'+tF('l'( '()NDI I'll)NP'I VIII

Si

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m~u AFTER

SOWING

I,~o

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(DA5

I'11.', h In~'u,ane in plant dr',,, rrmiier with l,llTip, I'~r' ~ml~m iJianl~,~tr'ril~aL,ed throul:,i~ut wllh I '] d,%_'/ r=i vs,+Jler ( ~ ) I+I' trril:,Ul++d w t l h I '.! d g / n ' l wat*-,r l'i~r l h e l'Ir.~,l I-~;~din,,+.; aili+r +il~Wll|l~ a n d litere~]l'ler With ~.()CI,I~I/ITI w+JlPr ( /% ) E a c h ~.+h.l++ i,., lh,+ me+.lll ,d' h de, terrlllri+.ll l, ln[., ~+.trP.+l'l+pr<-,P-,eltl h,l.'irllJa~'cl errl)rh

L)l,~( ' I _ I ~ I( )N

,~uhml v, 14+'rmm~rtmn ul~d /mid +',slabh,~lm~+,nl (.)nilm~ are very t uler~Jnt ,lI',+,sultnitv d u r i n g germln~dllm ii1 v[tr,~ ( P~gs I an, I ), with ~1 s+]ll h)leran~'e t h+.tl, t u n t1<+ ~'qunpar+-'d w i t h ilmt. ,fl' g e r m l r m t l n g wheut (i~l g h a r k a w v and gprtn+.,njel, 19'79) Neverth~-,le,~,~, under d r i p irrtgut.llm w i t h (L() d g / m water, g e r m l n a t i l m iit'
'J 1',4

Y [iF: 'Vl,~,l,,~a'H I~:'1'),1,

a Sallnlz

allon

I,om

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get

m,nallon

(ODAS)

~J

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, •

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i

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leaf

IJ II II II

Jlllii Illlil Iliill II III

i

l

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(eSDA5)

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(o~s)

FIL4 fi V a r l a l l u r l w i t h l lrriPqll' h.al'ip.~rnullr p u h ' n l i a l ( nil in , m i u n planh,;++ahnrzerl (~) Ir,~trl +;oWUll&, ( Li ) at i hP 2n<'l IPal, Lind (1') ~lJ I hP Ill h IPol l-'lanh+ wPrP irr ii~ile'
(,~) Irlr

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v:lhJP

IP, I h P

niPall


IJe'lPrlTilliLIIl(in,h

,~|,LIli¢ldlrlJ

Prrllr

wjhJe,,

hJ<'~elJ

B<)th ,~alinlty and h)w temperature markedl,v pr'cdcmg the gernilnat.lqm I.mJ c'e,..e.+.Thl,.,+ might be detrimental t.<),seedling ~urvlval by prc)hmgirlg t.he exp
IRr/ll;,~.'T'I~)N WITH HRM I~l:.;IJ WAI'ER ItNL)E,R DESl;',R'T'I'i)%r)I'T'I()N~.¢ viii

'+'13

'T'ABI.E '2 ('lli~)rtde v ~ m c e r i l r a l t l m ( m r r u d l g d.r:v weighl.) it| <+rll~rl l<+ave+.; ( _+ m,'.) , m hHJr ~l.'~'a!.,l~ll+.+ d u r i n g k,n~wlh ( E a c h ~,'ailJ{-, Im .,.i fill'an l)J',rl dPIPrrrllnatll)n+.,) Dale ( I h'~:', )

'7 I !11,"1 I:l,, I!~1

I
4 t)

t~ I)

~ ()

(I 7ii _+ l)<11 i) ,41) + () 1),4 <) ,4,4+_ t) 07

() 7(i -I- [) ()j () 7() + () (IU 4) 1"~9 _ ()I)l

4) t'~() _'!-4)(1()3 () 6~1 _+ () i)'7 t) @') *_ (). I

1) t++; +_ ()I)113 i) H4 _+ i) ()t4 <) 72 _+ <)l)6

1) 31"~ _+_I) ()h

(1 h('~ -I- 1),() I

(I !~:I -I- () (),-I

() l'h~ ± () IH

h~gh (;+()' C) so~l l en|peratures, and care sh~.=lt.s <.h~ n,)t penet.rat.e beJ<~w 1,5 etn (Pasternak eL. al., 19~4) Elmg exp
Water relatmnshtps and salt uptahe 'Fhe r'esult,s pre~ent,ed in Fig. 6a seem to) mJgges(, t,hat, c)rlt<~ns underg~ stgnif i<'ant, Ilsrn<.ic adjustment in resp m~t ha~,e em~ugh evtden<'e t~ explain the reason I'~r the sensttivJty ~1'
IJ III

~ L)F' l~IAl,,'~,i IH II, 1%1

t'r~,ln vegetative gr~)wth t(r bullring II11[)(.rsed hv sail stress (Brewster. l!r7'7) T h i s might explain l he hlgheryleld in lhe S~,ll, treatments (which wereexl)~rsed h~ salinity I',rr a ~.ql,r,rter perl~,] ) as c~mlpared w l l h Ill(., g?r,d lrealment. 1I v, ruld also, explain why gr~rwth ,fl'~ml~mS was the same t'~rr the 1.2 dS/nr an~l u,.()dS/ iii tl'eL,lllirel,lls Irlltlallv, hut later' irl the seas~m hecatlle higher I'~r,l' the l.'J (IS i1"1

Irl~lr~ll.l ( Fig. 5) T h e nllserl~'e ~d' an.v ,,~lgnillcant irltera(.'ti~m b e t w e e n cultlvars and s a l l r l l l y I , r e a | l l l e n l s I'lrlln,l] in t h i s w<)rk an,it I)v BerllSlel,n Hill] Ayerls (195:1) iIICll('ateF.

that gellellc varlatlrm l'(rr salinity t~rlerance in irnlirns might n(rl exist. Ir lhls iff, trlJe, l h e l l the best stl'atet.,.W w h e n (rile rnlJSt, i r r i g a t e w i t h s a l l r l e w a t e r rlla',~' Ire tlr gl"~rW t i l e c u l t i v a r { h a l gives l h e h i g h e s t yMd under fresh w a t e r irrlg~_.ltl()H ~ l l l l l h l r r e s u l t s w e r e l'ep(rrted hy La,nger el al ( ] 9 7 ! ) ) t'lrr ()el culll~,arla, u r l d e r ('~rlUJlti~ms i rt' w a t e r str'ess (',l_)N('Li Sl,l ) N S

T h i s suJ(_lv helps tcr d(-'m~mstrate the (.'Cmll.)lex interact i(ms that c,.'cur lie Iween t,rth lhe yieM i)t'cmi~ms and the etTects ~)t' water salinity, i r n g a t u m sys tern, ~rr~14atl~m manap, ement, eli,mate, s()il, plant in~rrt.)h~d~,w, an(t planl IJhVsl(rh rl.;y. (_)nl~rns ar~-, a relatwelv salt sens~twe cr~p, an,it su Far, mr sail t(rlerant cul liver }ILLSt)een ['~.Jnd It thus apl~ear's thai (.'~)mrnerl'lal prl~ducll~m i_)l' ~nir~ll~ with Im.u'klsh water r'(equires delayillg the applluatl(m (d'sallrle wafer unhl arter the se,c~md (~rreven the fit th) leat' has appeared. A( 'K N( )W LEl,l,l_]E M E NT,".;

This w~rk was part ~t' the (~,~()perative AruJ Lands Agriculture Resear~'h [-'r~)lect (CALAR)EE,wpt-I.I~A-Israel ~-~upp~)rler'l by I IS/All){(.'~mtract N~. NEB I)I'T() A I)I) 2(),1'7 ()l)) aard administered hv the San I-)iegl~ State I_liliver l.;It~ F~mndatltm. We thank Dr. R Peter I'r~un Hazerah (_'~)mparlv t'~)r SUpl)lvlng seeds ~rl' Ill(., ~)rllc)rl culiJvars. We are in,llebted t(r Ms. H. Khrt'z, and E Kalz t'lrr' lerhntca] hel I ) and data analysis and ¢~) Dr. Marjorie Tlel'ert ['err help wllh the r n a 1111L-;I'r I r.)t,

HEFEREN('ES

Aha,,.g M and P~werh, W L., I!.}:IN Nal,l hderanrl-,qd planfi.;al vatiqmr, t.mperaluri-,h F'lanl F'hv~n~d , I 'l '; fi'i -'7 N9

Bern~.,h-,m, I, and Avt-,rs, A [) , 19h:l Sail hd,Pranr, q~l five vartet.-,~, ul'qmiqms Pr~.' Arn ,g,.' H,prlJc ~l'l , ,l;'J ;14;'7-:r711

IIIFtI(;,~,'Tll r'.4 WITH HRA('I~ I;,.d-I ~A'['E:R I tNbE:R [~E;~.;F,R'T'q'l_)Nril'['ll)N~.; VIII P,ern!.~lein. L and H a v w a r d ,

H E , I!-~;)~ I:'hy~.m~l,~l.,~' ,~1 ~.;al{ h)luran,'e

'.~ I;~ Atmu

Rev Fqanl F'h~,'m,)l ,

!l '~I~- ,44;,

[Jre',,vsler, ,I I,, 19'7'7 'T'h<+ pl'lv~-,ll)h~_~'~ 4~1'[l"le <.H~m Hl~rlt(' Al-,:,lr', 4'7 I();I- I I'J El S h a r k a w v , H M arid Spr mf.,pJel, I V , I F)'7!+I ('~ermlllar llpn id'sl)rrie {,rlt I) p l a n l ~=<-,ed~,Ullder ~;ahnH ~+' ,,I r Psi,; ~i-,e~:l S,'n

'T'e,' h n~ ,I , '7 :,,+,'7- :1'7

F-+rll,,,lelll, E , I!-JN;, ,~all hllerarll ('rilp!.i ( )rlf~llll.;, I"Jevei(l[irnelll, arid r_lrllP;ppl,ib, qll lhe ~'lmrerlt ['lanl Nq~ll, ;",+!1 IN'7- I!-JN Fr'+Jlll'l)l~,q L I:i', arid (](ll)('lll'i, ,I R i 19';'~ Irlh-,ra('ll(irl ill lerllp(-,r~,:llur'e alld ~.;allrlllV iin ~;ul-.w,ar L.-'el i~Pr nllrlUll()ll Al.',rlm ,I , t;,.I. '2'72-LJ'?:I Hi)llrrlarl, (" ,I and Rawllnl,,,, S L , 19'71 (_]r~twl h and w a i e r pillenl,lal ill' rilill ('rqlps a~, irltllJl-,ll{'el"l I1~' ',,ulmnlv arlrt r<-,lalnve hulTlldllv Al.~rl'()[l ,I , I;:} ~'7'7-~() Lalll}l-'r [, Fre%', K arid R a l l e v , " r , IH'T9 Ap;p;i)q'i,'+|l(m:,,~ alnimp.~ prip(lu~'|l~,,lly, pri~du~,ll{m fl+Npqm,,e ~.~r~] ~,raLHhlv irlrle:
1:1'7- 1,4'7'

,~,hllTli,hl, D arid Livrle, A , 191;'7 'T'he <-'NIIITlalllm q~l'{)+,irll