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Isolation and study of SRBC-receptors purified by affinity chromatography
VOLUME
67
NUMBER
6
Abstracts
were not incubated with AIDS iymphoma-cell supernatant, failed to develop into multinucleate forms. When the transformed Raji-cell culture supematant is incubated in turn with other mononuclearcells, there is no outgrowth of other opportunistic virus types. When the infected cell DNA was studied, the type D retrovirus was found by restriction endonucleasecutting that also demonstratedthat the macaque AIDS type D retrovirus is distinct from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, a type D retrovirus found in rhesus monkey mammary tumor cells. D. S.
latim
wtd study of Sf?#Wreceptors cbromietography w
W u W, Shari B-F, Zhao-Weixiang,
Wei J-shui:
Chinese Medical J 95:287, 1882. In previous work the authors had purified and characterized sheep red blood cell (SRBC) receptors from human lymphocytes (SRBC receptor I) as well as from human serum (SRBC receptor II). IgG was separatedfrom rabbit ant&era raised against the receptorsI and II. The respective antibodies were coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose4B columns. Human sera was applied to the columns, and fractions were eluted with a glycine buffer. Protein peaks were electropharesedon polyacrylamide gels, and receptor quantitation was performed on rocket immunoelectrophoresisby use of sheep anti-sera. SRBC-receptor activity was determined by the ability to increaseSRBC rosetting at 45” C in incubated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Single peaks were observed in the eluates of affinity columns coupled with anti-SRBC receptors I or II. The polyacrylamide gels demonstrated single bands of the same mobility (60,000) for both antireceptor column eluates and increasedrosetting of the 45”C incubatedlymphocytes by as much as 272 2 30%. The authors believe that SRBC receptors are probably located on the outer part of the membrane of T cells. R. Y. L.
megadose vbmin imrrwnoloq)ic fun&ion Goodwin 1983.
JS, Gary PJ: Clin Exp lmmunol
51:647,
Although it is known that severe protein calorie malnutrition causes depressionof humoral and cellular immunity in humans, less is known about the effects of, vitamin excess. In this study healthy humans65 yr of age or older were studied. Individuals were all without known serious medical diagnosesand were not receiving prescription medications. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, autoantibody determinations, skin testing (delayed type), and complete blood counts were performed and correlated with dietary intake of various nutrients, vitamins, and minerals (determined by a detailed 3-day food record analysis). Nutrient intake was divided into three categories: upper quartile, upper decile, and bottom 75%. These categories were de-
25
termined for each nutrient, and immunalogic functions for individuals in the two upper categories were compared to the bottom 75%. Depending on the ntltrient, the upper quartile consisted of intake anywhere from 90% to 1137% the recommended daily allowance for zinc to 2204% to 259,900% the recommendeddaily allowance for vitamin E. PHA stimulation did not reveal differences between the upper two categories and the Iower 75%. However, for vitamin C and iron intake, there were significantly fewer anergic subjects in the upper two intake groups. This significance however did not remain if the p value was divided by the total number of analysis in the table. In addition, the mean skin test score for the upper decile for vitamin C intake was significantly increased. Autoantibody (rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody, and antilymphocytic antibody) and circulating immune complexes were not different for any of the nutrients studied. Subjects in the top quartile of zinc intake had significantly mosreneutrophil counts, whereas those in the upper quartile or decile for vitamins Bl, B2, B6, and E as well as for folate and niacin had significantly fewer lymphocytes. This study contrasts with another study in which 1 to 3 gm of vitamin C resulted in mitogen stimuialiufl increasesin five healthy adults. It also contrasts with a previously published study with vitamin E-excess intake (studied in healthy young adults). The authors also discuss the lack of effect of zinc-excess intake on skin tests. Although the study demonstrated augmentation of skin tests in institutionalized elderly subjects, that study also used more zinc supplementationthan did this study. ‘The authors state that acute and chronic nutrient suppIement&on must be distinguished in any further prospective studies. B. K.
Tonne1 AB, Joseph M, Gosset P, Fournisr A: Lancet 19406, 1963.
E, Capron
Previous in vitro studies have demonmasedthat pwlmonary alveolar macrophagesfrom nanakrgic donars can be activated to release &glucuronidase and other lysosomal enzymes. Such activation occurs after successivein&&ion of macraphage:iwith purified monwlonal I& and anti-&E antibody or by passive sensitization of the macropkages with asthmatic donor serum followed by exposure to specific allergen. The purpose of the present study was to determine rhe relevance of these observatiQasin vivo in patients suffering from allergic asthma. Sevtmadult patients with allergic asthma (AA) and three nonatopic controls (NAC) were investigated. All the former demonstratedone or more wheal-and-flareresponsesafter skirt prick tests with common allergen extracts, especially house dust and Dermatophagoides pterorzyssinus, whereasthe latter group was skin test negative to these sameextracts. The mean total I@ (PRIST) was 1073 IUiml in the asthmatic subjects and 73 IU/mi in the control subjects. Corticosteroids and antihistamines had not been used in any of the subjectsfor a period
67
NUMBER
6
Abstracts
were not incubated with AIDS iymphoma-cell supernatant, failed to develop into multinucleate forms. When the transformed Raji-cell culture supematant is incubated in turn with other mononuclearcells, there is no outgrowth of other opportunistic virus types. When the infected cell DNA was studied, the type D retrovirus was found by restriction endonucleasecutting that also demonstratedthat the macaque AIDS type D retrovirus is distinct from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, a type D retrovirus found in rhesus monkey mammary tumor cells. D. S.
latim
wtd study of Sf?#Wreceptors cbromietography w
W u W, Shari B-F, Zhao-Weixiang,
Wei J-shui:
Chinese Medical J 95:287, 1882. In previous work the authors had purified and characterized sheep red blood cell (SRBC) receptors from human lymphocytes (SRBC receptor I) as well as from human serum (SRBC receptor II). IgG was separatedfrom rabbit ant&era raised against the receptorsI and II. The respective antibodies were coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose4B columns. Human sera was applied to the columns, and fractions were eluted with a glycine buffer. Protein peaks were electropharesedon polyacrylamide gels, and receptor quantitation was performed on rocket immunoelectrophoresisby use of sheep anti-sera. SRBC-receptor activity was determined by the ability to increaseSRBC rosetting at 45” C in incubated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Single peaks were observed in the eluates of affinity columns coupled with anti-SRBC receptors I or II. The polyacrylamide gels demonstrated single bands of the same mobility (60,000) for both antireceptor column eluates and increasedrosetting of the 45”C incubatedlymphocytes by as much as 272 2 30%. The authors believe that SRBC receptors are probably located on the outer part of the membrane of T cells. R. Y. L.
megadose vbmin imrrwnoloq)ic fun&ion Goodwin 1983.
JS, Gary PJ: Clin Exp lmmunol
51:647,
Although it is known that severe protein calorie malnutrition causes depressionof humoral and cellular immunity in humans, less is known about the effects of, vitamin excess. In this study healthy humans65 yr of age or older were studied. Individuals were all without known serious medical diagnosesand were not receiving prescription medications. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, autoantibody determinations, skin testing (delayed type), and complete blood counts were performed and correlated with dietary intake of various nutrients, vitamins, and minerals (determined by a detailed 3-day food record analysis). Nutrient intake was divided into three categories: upper quartile, upper decile, and bottom 75%. These categories were de-
25
termined for each nutrient, and immunalogic functions for individuals in the two upper categories were compared to the bottom 75%. Depending on the ntltrient, the upper quartile consisted of intake anywhere from 90% to 1137% the recommended daily allowance for zinc to 2204% to 259,900% the recommendeddaily allowance for vitamin E. PHA stimulation did not reveal differences between the upper two categories and the Iower 75%. However, for vitamin C and iron intake, there were significantly fewer anergic subjects in the upper two intake groups. This significance however did not remain if the p value was divided by the total number of analysis in the table. In addition, the mean skin test score for the upper decile for vitamin C intake was significantly increased. Autoantibody (rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody, and antilymphocytic antibody) and circulating immune complexes were not different for any of the nutrients studied. Subjects in the top quartile of zinc intake had significantly mosreneutrophil counts, whereas those in the upper quartile or decile for vitamins Bl, B2, B6, and E as well as for folate and niacin had significantly fewer lymphocytes. This study contrasts with another study in which 1 to 3 gm of vitamin C resulted in mitogen stimuialiufl increasesin five healthy adults. It also contrasts with a previously published study with vitamin E-excess intake (studied in healthy young adults). The authors also discuss the lack of effect of zinc-excess intake on skin tests. Although the study demonstrated augmentation of skin tests in institutionalized elderly subjects, that study also used more zinc supplementationthan did this study. ‘The authors state that acute and chronic nutrient suppIement&on must be distinguished in any further prospective studies. B. K.
Tonne1 AB, Joseph M, Gosset P, Fournisr A: Lancet 19406, 1963.
E, Capron
Previous in vitro studies have demonmasedthat pwlmonary alveolar macrophagesfrom nanakrgic donars can be activated to release &glucuronidase and other lysosomal enzymes. Such activation occurs after successivein&&ion of macraphage:iwith purified monwlonal I& and anti-&E antibody or by passive sensitization of the macropkages with asthmatic donor serum followed by exposure to specific allergen. The purpose of the present study was to determine rhe relevance of these observatiQasin vivo in patients suffering from allergic asthma. Sevtmadult patients with allergic asthma (AA) and three nonatopic controls (NAC) were investigated. All the former demonstratedone or more wheal-and-flareresponsesafter skirt prick tests with common allergen extracts, especially house dust and Dermatophagoides pterorzyssinus, whereasthe latter group was skin test negative to these sameextracts. The mean total I@ (PRIST) was 1073 IUiml in the asthmatic subjects and 73 IU/mi in the control subjects. Corticosteroids and antihistamines had not been used in any of the subjectsfor a period