- Email: [email protected]
Japanese fuel cell rail vehicle in running tests
NEWS
Editorial office: Elsevier Advanced Technology PO Box 150 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1AS United Kingdom Tel:+44 (0)1865 843239 Fax: +44 (0)1865 853160 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.fuelcellsbulletin.com Editor: Steve Barrett Production/Design Controller: Stuart Hall Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Global Rights Department, PO Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier’s home page (http:// www.elsevier.com), by ‘Support and Contact’. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; phone: (+1) (978) 7508400, fax: (+1) (978) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; phone: (+44) (0) 20 7631 5555; fax: (+44) (0) 20 7631 5500. Other countries may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments. Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. Electronic Storage or Usage Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this journal, including any article or part of an article. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Global Rights Department, at the mail, fax and e-mail addresses noted above. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. 02233 Printed by Mayfield Press (Oxford) LImited
2
Fuel Cells Bulletin
FTA funds commercially viable fuel cell buses
T
he US Federal Transit Administration has announced a total of $49m in federal grants under the National Fuel Cell Bus Technology Development Program, to explore new ways to make commercially viable hydrogen fuel cell buses. Three non-profit organizations were selected by FTA: the Center for Transportation and the Environment in Atlanta, the Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium in Boston, and WestartCALSTART in Pasadena, California. The Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) in Atlanta, Georgia will build, test and demonstrate an advanced batterydominant hybrid-electric fuel cell bus. Canadianbased Hydrogenics will supply its next-generation HyPM fuel cell power modules for integration by Mobile Energy Systems of Golden, Colorado into the propulsion system of two buses. These hybridelectric buses will be demonstrated in Alabama, Connecticut and South Carolina, exposing them to a full range of operating conditions. FTA is providing $12m in funding for several fuel cell bus projects to WestStart-CALSTART, which will advance fuel cell activities in Oakland, San Francisco, the Coachella Valley and southern California. The projects will enhance and build on existing fuel cell bus demonstration programs at AC Transit in Oakland and SunLine Transit in the Coachella Valley. UTC Power will provide fuel cells for the SunLine and AC Transit buses; New Flyer Industries will develop a bus specifically designed for fuel cell applications for SunLine. SunLine Transit and its research partners will receive $2.8m to design and demonstrate 40foot fuel cell buses, and evaluate their performance in a hot desert climate. SunLine is also among those receiving $3.6m to test the life expectancy of an existing line of fuel cell buses. In addition to the funding for the AC Transit and SunLine projects, FTA is providing $5.4m for the development of a battery-dominant fuel cell hybrid bus with San Francisco Municipal Railways. BAE Systems will lead the integration of a Hydrogenics fuel-cell APU on a nextgeneration Orion VII hybrid diesel-electric propulsion transit bus from DaimlerChrysler Commercial Buses. After completion of fabrication and testing, this bus will be demonstrated in revenue service in San Francisco. Additional funding of nearly $300 000 is being provided to develop a hybrid fuel cell power converter and an integrated auxiliary module for fuel cell buses. US Hybrid will be the lead contractor on these two projects.
On the East Coast, the Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium will receive $8.4m for advanced bus development and in-service evaluation of hybrid fuel cell buses in a project with the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) and other partners. UTC Power will provide its PureMotion™ 120 fuel cell power system for four zero-emission fuel cell hybrid electric buses that will be operated in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. And Ballard is participating in two projects that will utilize its next-generation HD6 heavyduty fuel cell module. In the first, WMATA will feature Ballard’s 180 kW version of the HD6 module in two 40-foot fuel cell hybrid buses that will operate in revenue service in the Washington, DC area as part of the WMATA fleet. In the second, GE’s Global Research Center in Niskayuna, NY will integrate Ballard’s 90 kW version of the HD6 module into a lightweight fuel cell hybrid bus using an advanced propulsion system in a lightweight bus platform, with A123 Systems also participating. The bus will operate in revenue service in upstate New York. In addition, Nuvera Fuel Cells has been awarded a $4.9m grant through NAVC for a hydrogen fuel cell bus and refueling demonstration project at Logan International Airport in Boston. Other partners in this project include the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport), ISE Corporation, Keyspan and AVSG.
Japanese fuel cell rail vehicle in running tests
T
he Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI) in Japan has recently been conducting test runs of what is believed to be the world’s first railway vehicle powered by a fuel cell. This project aims to reduce noise and gas emissions and build train systems which do not need power-feeding facilities. RTRI has focused on developing a fuel cell available for railway vehicles which follows changing loads, and is building a system combining fuel cells, a high-pressure hydrogen tank, and a variable-frequency power conversion device (inverter). RTRI started development of a fuel cell powered railway vehicle in fiscal 2001. In fiscal 2003, RTRI succeeded in driving tests of a bogie with a 30 kW-class fuel cell power module, and started the development of the 100 kW-class system in fiscal 2004. Earlier this year a 120 kWe PEM fuel cell power module – manufactured by US/Italianbased Nuvera Fuel Cells – was mounted onto a test vehicle, and running tests were conducted on the RTRI test track [FCB, June 2006].
December 2006
NEWS Currently, running tests are being conducted to confirm the output characteristics and loadfollowing capacity of the fuel cell system, in order to pursue the possible introduction of fuel cell systems into train operations. Although at present there still remain problems of cost reduction, increasing the output capacity and downsizing, the success of these running tests is driving the technology a step closer to the introduction of the fuel cell system into railway operations. Contact: Vehicle Control Technology Division, Railway Technical Research Institute, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan. Tel: +81 42 573 7258, www.rtri.or.jp
Tennessee research focuses on fuel cell applications for ‘e-ships’
A
researcher in the US is investigating the use of distributed power generation based on fuel cells for use in all-electric ships, or ‘e-ships’. Funded by the Office of Naval Research, the results of the research at Tennessee Tech University can also be applied to other naval war-fighting platforms, or in a new generation of electric vehicles powered by fuel cells. ‘Traditionally, ships have a centralized power facility, and if that unit fails or is damaged during an attack, the ship’s power system can be disabled,’ explains David Gao, assistant professor of electrical & computer engineering at TTU, who is based at the university’s Center for Energy Systems Research. ‘We are working on distributed generation so that power can be generated from multiple sources, including fuel cells, microturbines and renewable energy. This will improve the stability of the ship’s power system.’ Distributed generation would allow ships’ commanders to keep critical loads functioning. Gao says that electric ships also have an improved war-fighting capability, because they can be reconfigured after damage more easily than ships with large, centralized propulsion systems driven by diesel engines. ‘To effectively use fuel cells, we have to develop controllers and interfaces that allow us to make the most of power electronics,’ says Gao. ‘The voltage characteristics of fuel cells are not very good. A fuel cell is DC at a low voltage, so it needs to be converted into a more useful form.’ Gao’s team is in the final stage of developing a model of the system that includes a hybrid controller that will manage the power flow among different power sources under different load conditions.
December 2006
Contact: Dr David Gao, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee, USA. Tel: +1 931 372 3682, Email: [email protected], www.tntech.edu/ece
Saint-Gobain links with Jülich to develop SOFCs
F
rench-based materials giant SaintGobain has established a new program to develop solid oxide fuel cell products. To support this work, it has entered into a strategic partnership with the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZ Jülich), a national research laboratory based near Aachen in Germany. A growing number of Saint-Gobain’s products and services provide solutions to environmental problems and challenges, with a direct bearing on sustainable development. It says that this global SOFC initiative complements its current activities in the wind and photovoltaic markets. FZ Jülich will help Saint-Gobain’s High Performance Materials business to accelerate commercialization of the SOFC technology. The partnership will combine the strengths of FZ Jülich’s stack technology with the ceramic manufacturing and materials expertise of SaintGobain High-Performance Materials.
Contact: Centre de Recherche et d’Etudes Européen (CREE), Saint-Gobain High Performance Materials, Cavaillon, France. Email: [email protected], www.saint-gobain.com Or contact: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fuel Cell Project (PBZ), Jülich, Germany. Tel: + 49 2461 614010, www.fz-juelich.de/pbz
Proton wins contracts from Shell, US MDA
C
onnecticut-based Proton Energy Systems has signed a contract with Shell Hydrogen to install a hydrogen fueling system in the New York City metropolitan area. Proton has also been awarded a contract by the US Missile Defense Agency (MDA) to continue development of regenerative fuel cell technology for airships. The contract with Shell Hydrogen will showcase Proton’s on-site hydrogen generation technology for fueling vehicles. The system, based on the company’s PEM electrolyzer, can produce 12 kg of hydrogen per day, which is stored on-site ready for use by cars. As prime contractor, Proton will be responsible for project design, equipment procurement,
IN BRIEF Plug Power field trial at Nasa Glenn Research Center Nasa Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio is commissioning eight next-generation GenSys® systems manufactured by NY-based Plug Power. The one-year field trial is intended to demonstrate to the public an emerging technology associated with clean power. The units, which were expected to become operational in November, will provide gridconnected power for parts of the lab facility for aerospace R&D. Projects carried out within the facility include testing of materials, coatings, seals and airfoils for space vehicles, as well as advanced technology development to improve aviation safety. The installation will provide an opportunity to demonstrate Plug Power’s latest product improvements, including an enhanced stack membrane and new fuel processor reactor design. The project is funded by the Ohio Department of Development’s Third Frontier Fuel Cell Program, which provides grants to support the growth of Ohio’s fuel cell industry through collaborations between research organizations, businesses and higher education institutions. NTT DoCoMo débuts prototype fuel cell Japanese mobile communications giant NTT DoCoMo displayed a prototype fuel cell for use as a cell phone recharger at the recent Ceatec Japan show, according to the IDG News Service. Currently under development with Osakabased Aquafairy, the PEM fuel cell uses hydrogen gas as a fuel to produce electricity, measures just 2.5 cm (1 inch) square by 7 cm (2.8 inches) long, and weighs about 40 g. It can deliver enough power to recharge a cell phone three times before requiring a hydrogen refill. Aquafairy is a start-up spun out of Nitto Denko to work on the technology. NTT DoCoMo recently acquired a 36.5% stake in the company for an undisclosed sum [FCB, November]. Millennium canisters, Jadoo power for Fuel Cell Challenge In the US, New Jersey-based Millennium Cell has agreed to supply up to 250 Hydrogen on Demand® fuel canisters for delivery in mid2007 to South Carolina as part of the Greater Columbia Fuel Cell Challenge [see page 4]. The canisters will provide hydrogen for Jadoo’s line of N-Gen™ fuel cell power units and XRT™ Extended Runtime Accessories targeted for use with emergency responders, homeland security and other off-grid power support applications in Columbia. The initial units will be manufactured by Millennium Cell using manufacturing techniques developed under its 15-month National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS) program, which began in late 2005.
Fuel Cells Bulletin
3
Editorial office: Elsevier Advanced Technology PO Box 150 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1AS United Kingdom Tel:+44 (0)1865 843239 Fax: +44 (0)1865 853160 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.fuelcellsbulletin.com Editor: Steve Barrett Production/Design Controller: Stuart Hall Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Global Rights Department, PO Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also contact Global Rights directly through Elsevier’s home page (http:// www.elsevier.com), by ‘Support and Contact’. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; phone: (+1) (978) 7508400, fax: (+1) (978) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; phone: (+44) (0) 20 7631 5555; fax: (+44) (0) 20 7631 5500. Other countries may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments. Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. Electronic Storage or Usage Permission of the Publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this journal, including any article or part of an article. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Global Rights Department, at the mail, fax and e-mail addresses noted above. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. 02233 Printed by Mayfield Press (Oxford) LImited
2
Fuel Cells Bulletin
FTA funds commercially viable fuel cell buses
T
he US Federal Transit Administration has announced a total of $49m in federal grants under the National Fuel Cell Bus Technology Development Program, to explore new ways to make commercially viable hydrogen fuel cell buses. Three non-profit organizations were selected by FTA: the Center for Transportation and the Environment in Atlanta, the Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium in Boston, and WestartCALSTART in Pasadena, California. The Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) in Atlanta, Georgia will build, test and demonstrate an advanced batterydominant hybrid-electric fuel cell bus. Canadianbased Hydrogenics will supply its next-generation HyPM fuel cell power modules for integration by Mobile Energy Systems of Golden, Colorado into the propulsion system of two buses. These hybridelectric buses will be demonstrated in Alabama, Connecticut and South Carolina, exposing them to a full range of operating conditions. FTA is providing $12m in funding for several fuel cell bus projects to WestStart-CALSTART, which will advance fuel cell activities in Oakland, San Francisco, the Coachella Valley and southern California. The projects will enhance and build on existing fuel cell bus demonstration programs at AC Transit in Oakland and SunLine Transit in the Coachella Valley. UTC Power will provide fuel cells for the SunLine and AC Transit buses; New Flyer Industries will develop a bus specifically designed for fuel cell applications for SunLine. SunLine Transit and its research partners will receive $2.8m to design and demonstrate 40foot fuel cell buses, and evaluate their performance in a hot desert climate. SunLine is also among those receiving $3.6m to test the life expectancy of an existing line of fuel cell buses. In addition to the funding for the AC Transit and SunLine projects, FTA is providing $5.4m for the development of a battery-dominant fuel cell hybrid bus with San Francisco Municipal Railways. BAE Systems will lead the integration of a Hydrogenics fuel-cell APU on a nextgeneration Orion VII hybrid diesel-electric propulsion transit bus from DaimlerChrysler Commercial Buses. After completion of fabrication and testing, this bus will be demonstrated in revenue service in San Francisco. Additional funding of nearly $300 000 is being provided to develop a hybrid fuel cell power converter and an integrated auxiliary module for fuel cell buses. US Hybrid will be the lead contractor on these two projects.
On the East Coast, the Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium will receive $8.4m for advanced bus development and in-service evaluation of hybrid fuel cell buses in a project with the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) and other partners. UTC Power will provide its PureMotion™ 120 fuel cell power system for four zero-emission fuel cell hybrid electric buses that will be operated in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. And Ballard is participating in two projects that will utilize its next-generation HD6 heavyduty fuel cell module. In the first, WMATA will feature Ballard’s 180 kW version of the HD6 module in two 40-foot fuel cell hybrid buses that will operate in revenue service in the Washington, DC area as part of the WMATA fleet. In the second, GE’s Global Research Center in Niskayuna, NY will integrate Ballard’s 90 kW version of the HD6 module into a lightweight fuel cell hybrid bus using an advanced propulsion system in a lightweight bus platform, with A123 Systems also participating. The bus will operate in revenue service in upstate New York. In addition, Nuvera Fuel Cells has been awarded a $4.9m grant through NAVC for a hydrogen fuel cell bus and refueling demonstration project at Logan International Airport in Boston. Other partners in this project include the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport), ISE Corporation, Keyspan and AVSG.
Japanese fuel cell rail vehicle in running tests
T
he Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI) in Japan has recently been conducting test runs of what is believed to be the world’s first railway vehicle powered by a fuel cell. This project aims to reduce noise and gas emissions and build train systems which do not need power-feeding facilities. RTRI has focused on developing a fuel cell available for railway vehicles which follows changing loads, and is building a system combining fuel cells, a high-pressure hydrogen tank, and a variable-frequency power conversion device (inverter). RTRI started development of a fuel cell powered railway vehicle in fiscal 2001. In fiscal 2003, RTRI succeeded in driving tests of a bogie with a 30 kW-class fuel cell power module, and started the development of the 100 kW-class system in fiscal 2004. Earlier this year a 120 kWe PEM fuel cell power module – manufactured by US/Italianbased Nuvera Fuel Cells – was mounted onto a test vehicle, and running tests were conducted on the RTRI test track [FCB, June 2006].
December 2006
NEWS Currently, running tests are being conducted to confirm the output characteristics and loadfollowing capacity of the fuel cell system, in order to pursue the possible introduction of fuel cell systems into train operations. Although at present there still remain problems of cost reduction, increasing the output capacity and downsizing, the success of these running tests is driving the technology a step closer to the introduction of the fuel cell system into railway operations. Contact: Vehicle Control Technology Division, Railway Technical Research Institute, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan. Tel: +81 42 573 7258, www.rtri.or.jp
Tennessee research focuses on fuel cell applications for ‘e-ships’
A
researcher in the US is investigating the use of distributed power generation based on fuel cells for use in all-electric ships, or ‘e-ships’. Funded by the Office of Naval Research, the results of the research at Tennessee Tech University can also be applied to other naval war-fighting platforms, or in a new generation of electric vehicles powered by fuel cells. ‘Traditionally, ships have a centralized power facility, and if that unit fails or is damaged during an attack, the ship’s power system can be disabled,’ explains David Gao, assistant professor of electrical & computer engineering at TTU, who is based at the university’s Center for Energy Systems Research. ‘We are working on distributed generation so that power can be generated from multiple sources, including fuel cells, microturbines and renewable energy. This will improve the stability of the ship’s power system.’ Distributed generation would allow ships’ commanders to keep critical loads functioning. Gao says that electric ships also have an improved war-fighting capability, because they can be reconfigured after damage more easily than ships with large, centralized propulsion systems driven by diesel engines. ‘To effectively use fuel cells, we have to develop controllers and interfaces that allow us to make the most of power electronics,’ says Gao. ‘The voltage characteristics of fuel cells are not very good. A fuel cell is DC at a low voltage, so it needs to be converted into a more useful form.’ Gao’s team is in the final stage of developing a model of the system that includes a hybrid controller that will manage the power flow among different power sources under different load conditions.
December 2006
Contact: Dr David Gao, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee, USA. Tel: +1 931 372 3682, Email: [email protected], www.tntech.edu/ece
Saint-Gobain links with Jülich to develop SOFCs
F
rench-based materials giant SaintGobain has established a new program to develop solid oxide fuel cell products. To support this work, it has entered into a strategic partnership with the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZ Jülich), a national research laboratory based near Aachen in Germany. A growing number of Saint-Gobain’s products and services provide solutions to environmental problems and challenges, with a direct bearing on sustainable development. It says that this global SOFC initiative complements its current activities in the wind and photovoltaic markets. FZ Jülich will help Saint-Gobain’s High Performance Materials business to accelerate commercialization of the SOFC technology. The partnership will combine the strengths of FZ Jülich’s stack technology with the ceramic manufacturing and materials expertise of SaintGobain High-Performance Materials.
Contact: Centre de Recherche et d’Etudes Européen (CREE), Saint-Gobain High Performance Materials, Cavaillon, France. Email: [email protected], www.saint-gobain.com Or contact: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fuel Cell Project (PBZ), Jülich, Germany. Tel: + 49 2461 614010, www.fz-juelich.de/pbz
Proton wins contracts from Shell, US MDA
C
onnecticut-based Proton Energy Systems has signed a contract with Shell Hydrogen to install a hydrogen fueling system in the New York City metropolitan area. Proton has also been awarded a contract by the US Missile Defense Agency (MDA) to continue development of regenerative fuel cell technology for airships. The contract with Shell Hydrogen will showcase Proton’s on-site hydrogen generation technology for fueling vehicles. The system, based on the company’s PEM electrolyzer, can produce 12 kg of hydrogen per day, which is stored on-site ready for use by cars. As prime contractor, Proton will be responsible for project design, equipment procurement,
IN BRIEF Plug Power field trial at Nasa Glenn Research Center Nasa Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio is commissioning eight next-generation GenSys® systems manufactured by NY-based Plug Power. The one-year field trial is intended to demonstrate to the public an emerging technology associated with clean power. The units, which were expected to become operational in November, will provide gridconnected power for parts of the lab facility for aerospace R&D. Projects carried out within the facility include testing of materials, coatings, seals and airfoils for space vehicles, as well as advanced technology development to improve aviation safety. The installation will provide an opportunity to demonstrate Plug Power’s latest product improvements, including an enhanced stack membrane and new fuel processor reactor design. The project is funded by the Ohio Department of Development’s Third Frontier Fuel Cell Program, which provides grants to support the growth of Ohio’s fuel cell industry through collaborations between research organizations, businesses and higher education institutions. NTT DoCoMo débuts prototype fuel cell Japanese mobile communications giant NTT DoCoMo displayed a prototype fuel cell for use as a cell phone recharger at the recent Ceatec Japan show, according to the IDG News Service. Currently under development with Osakabased Aquafairy, the PEM fuel cell uses hydrogen gas as a fuel to produce electricity, measures just 2.5 cm (1 inch) square by 7 cm (2.8 inches) long, and weighs about 40 g. It can deliver enough power to recharge a cell phone three times before requiring a hydrogen refill. Aquafairy is a start-up spun out of Nitto Denko to work on the technology. NTT DoCoMo recently acquired a 36.5% stake in the company for an undisclosed sum [FCB, November]. Millennium canisters, Jadoo power for Fuel Cell Challenge In the US, New Jersey-based Millennium Cell has agreed to supply up to 250 Hydrogen on Demand® fuel canisters for delivery in mid2007 to South Carolina as part of the Greater Columbia Fuel Cell Challenge [see page 4]. The canisters will provide hydrogen for Jadoo’s line of N-Gen™ fuel cell power units and XRT™ Extended Runtime Accessories targeted for use with emergency responders, homeland security and other off-grid power support applications in Columbia. The initial units will be manufactured by Millennium Cell using manufacturing techniques developed under its 15-month National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS) program, which began in late 2005.
Fuel Cells Bulletin
3