Jellyfish envenomation syndromes

8th World Conareu on Animal, Plant and Mk~bial Toxins IDENTIFICATION OF A RECEPTOR FOR SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN F R ~ ESCHERICHIA COLI. by J. E. BROWN, S. W. ROTIMAN, P. GEMSKI, and A. A. LIIIDBERG, Walter Reed Army I n s t i t u t e o f Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100, USA, and Karolinska I n s t i t u t e , $-1ql 86 Huddinge, Sweden. We have shown p r e v i o u s l y t h a t Shiga t o x i n b i n d s with high s p e c i f i c i t y t o t h e P1 blood group a n t i g e n , a g l y o o l i p i d c o n t a i n i n g a t e r m i n a l O-a-Dg a l a c t o p y r a n o s y l - ( l + q ) - D - g a l a o t o p y r a n o s y l d i s a o o h a r i d e . P r e i n c u b a t i o n with g a l a c t o s e - g a l a c t o s e - c o n j u K a t e d - b o v i n e sertaa albtmin (gal-gal-BSA) p r e v e n t e d both blndfng and o y t o t o x I o a o t l v l t y o f p u r i f i e d Shlga t o x i n t o HeLa c e l l mo~J.ayers. Laotose-BSA, o h l t o b l c e e , or o h l t o t r l o s e did not reduce the binding o f " ~ l - t o x l n . Some pathogenic Esoherichim c o i l s e r o t y p e s have been shown t o produce a c y t o t o x i n s i m i l a r t o Shlga t o x i n . To t e s t whether g l y o o l i p i d a c o n t a i n i n g a t e r m i n a l g a l a o t o s e - g a l a c t o s e d i e a o o h a r i d e a r e a l s o c e l l s u r f a c e r e c e p t o r s For t h i s S h l g a - l i k e t o x i n , we determined whether gal-gal-BSA could p r o t e c t HeLa c e l l s From the o y t o t o x i c a c t i v i t y o f S h i g a - l i k e t o x i n . E. c o i l O157:}t7 s t r a i n 933 (hem)rrhagfo c o l i t i s ) , O26:Hll s t r a i n H19 (inFant d i a r r h e a ) , O103:H2 s t r a i n $/22/1 ( i n F a n t d i a r r h e a ) , and, as a c o n t r o l , ShfKella d y s e n t e r l a e 1 s t r a i n 3818-O were grown in i r o n - d e p l e t e d syncase medium. E x t r a c t s were prepared by s o n l c a t l o n and o e n t r i f ' u g a t f o n . C y t o t o x i c a c t i v i t y was produced in t h e s e E. o o l l a t l e v e l s comparable t o 3. d y s e n t e r i a e 1. To t e s t For p r o t e c t i o n from o y t o t o x t o a c t i v i t y , HeLa c e l l monolayers were incubated a t O°C with c e l l l y s a t e s ( r e s p e c t i v e l y , 52, 59, 32, 32 , g / m l ) which had been premfxed with s e r i a l d i l u t i o n s o f gal-gal-BSA (500 ug/ml - 0.98 ~g/ml). AFter 1 h r , antiserum s u F F i c i e n t to o o ~ l e t e l y n e u t r a l i z e the c y t o t o x l o f t y ~ added, and c e l l s were Incubated o v e r n i g h t a t 37°C. With a l l l y s a t e s , e x c e s s gal-gal-BSA prevented o y t o t o x l c i t y in a c o n c e n t r a t i o n - d e p e n d e n t manner, i n d i c a t i n g t h a t binding oF t o x i n t o t h e c e l l s u r f a c e was p r e v e n t e d . Without the glycoconJugate, adding antiserum a f t e r 1 hr a t O°C did n o t p r o t e c t c e l l s . The r e s u l t s s u g g e s t t h a t 8 a l a e t o s e - a ( l + q ) g a l a o t o s e - c o n t a l n i n g g l y c o l t p f d s in c e l l membranes are a l s o flLnotional r e c e p t o r s f o r S h i g a - l i k e t o x i n from pathogenic R. c o l l . KEY WORDS Esoherfohia colt, Shtga-like, toxin, receptor

3ELLYFISH ENVENOMATION S Y N C S 3.W. BURNETT, G. 3. CALTON and H.W. BURNETT. Division of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S o u t h G r e e n e S t r e e t , Baltimore, Maryland 21201. 3eIlyflsh venoms a r e c o m p l e x m i x t u r e s of polypeptldes and e n z y m e s p a t h o g e n i c t o man by m e a n s o f t h e i r t o x i c or a n t i g e n i c properties. Wlth newer technology, more therapeutic a g e n t s w l l l become a v a i l a b l e to treat the varlous e n v e n o r n a t i o n s y n d r o m e s c a u s e d by t h e s e a n i m a l s . It will, therefore, be n e c e s s a r y t o make an a c c u r a t e diagnosis of the type of reaction the patient experiences, as w e l l as t h e o f f e n d i n g species. Fatal reactions can be c a u s e d by h y p e r s e n s i t i v i t y o r i n d u c e d by t o x i n on the heart, respiratory center or k i d n e y . Cutaneous eruptions may be local or generalized, h a v e e x a g g e r a t e d l o c a l edema, become r e c u r r e n t , be delayed and persistent, or occur at distal sites. Fat atrophy, pigmentary changes and c o n t r a c t u r e s with g a n g r e n e can a l s o appear. Identification of the responsible coelenterate can be made d i r e c t l y by actual visualization or indirectly by t h e k n o w l e d g e o f l o c a t i o n , t i m e and environmental circumstances of the stinging. First aid measures designed to prevent additional n e r n a t o c y s t r u p t u r e a p p e a r t o be s p e c i e s - s p e c i f i c . A n a p h y l a x i s s h o u l d be t r e a t e d by t h e l i f e s a v i n g measures required. Other syndromes are either due t o t o x i c effects o f t h e venom or m e d i a t e d by h u m o r a l or c e l l u l a r ]rrmune m e c h a n i s m s .

jellyfish;

KHYII~IqDS venoms! syndromes

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