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John Keats (1795-1821): Physician and Surgeon
22. Dell’Osso LF, Daroff RB. Congenital nystagmus waveforms and foveation strategy. Doc Ophthalmol 1975;39(1):155–182. 23. Felius J. Measuring nystagmus in infants and young children. In: Harris C, Gottlob I, Sanders J, eds. The Challenge of Nystagmus. Cardiff: Nystagmus Network; 2012:295–306. 24. Nandakumar K, Leat SJ. Bifocals in children with Down syndrome (BiDS) - visual acuity, accommodation and early literacy skills. Acta Ophthalmol 2010;88(6):e196–e204.
25. Anderson HA, Manny RE, Glasser A, Stuebing KK. Static and dynamic measurements of accommodation in individuals with Down syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52(1):310–317. 26. Shapiro MB, France TD. The ocular features of Down’s syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1985;99(6):659–663. 27. Averbuch-Heller L, Dell’Osso LF, Jacobs JB, Remler BF. Latent and congenital nystagmus in Down syndrome. J Neuroophthalmol 1999;19(3):166–172.
John Keats (1795-1821): Physician and Surgeon
S
oon after his mother died in 1810, John Keats at the age of 14 was apprenticed to a local physician. In 1815, he then registered as a medical student at Guy’s Hospital in London and was soon promoted to the equivalent of a junior resident, assisting surgeons there. In 1816 he received his license to practice as a physician and seemed headed for a medical career. Poetry had the stronger attraction for him but his memories of his hospital experience did
not leave him. They show up in the third stanza of his 1818 ‘‘Ode to a Nightingale’’ where he remembers ‘‘.the weariness, the fever, and the fret, Here, where men sit and hear each other groan; Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last grey hairs. Where but to think is to be full of sorrow And leaden-eye despairs..’’ The hospital also doubtless exposed him to the tuberculosis that killed him a few years later, a tragic end that was not unique to physicians of that era.
Submitted by Ron Fishman MD of the Cogan Ophthalmic History Society.
VOL. 157, NO. 2
VISUAL ACUITY AND NYSTAGMUS IN DOWN SYNDROME
463
25. Anderson HA, Manny RE, Glasser A, Stuebing KK. Static and dynamic measurements of accommodation in individuals with Down syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52(1):310–317. 26. Shapiro MB, France TD. The ocular features of Down’s syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1985;99(6):659–663. 27. Averbuch-Heller L, Dell’Osso LF, Jacobs JB, Remler BF. Latent and congenital nystagmus in Down syndrome. J Neuroophthalmol 1999;19(3):166–172.
John Keats (1795-1821): Physician and Surgeon
S
oon after his mother died in 1810, John Keats at the age of 14 was apprenticed to a local physician. In 1815, he then registered as a medical student at Guy’s Hospital in London and was soon promoted to the equivalent of a junior resident, assisting surgeons there. In 1816 he received his license to practice as a physician and seemed headed for a medical career. Poetry had the stronger attraction for him but his memories of his hospital experience did
not leave him. They show up in the third stanza of his 1818 ‘‘Ode to a Nightingale’’ where he remembers ‘‘.the weariness, the fever, and the fret, Here, where men sit and hear each other groan; Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last grey hairs. Where but to think is to be full of sorrow And leaden-eye despairs..’’ The hospital also doubtless exposed him to the tuberculosis that killed him a few years later, a tragic end that was not unique to physicians of that era.
Submitted by Ron Fishman MD of the Cogan Ophthalmic History Society.
VOL. 157, NO. 2
VISUAL ACUITY AND NYSTAGMUS IN DOWN SYNDROME
463