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Joining carbon-carbon materials
treatments in the case of the APC-2 material, it was found that epoxy gave poor bond strengths. It is suggested that this is due to the poor bond strengths. It is suggested that this is due to the poor wettability and intrinsic adhesion of the PEEKmaterial. Use of Weibull statistics to quantify specimen size effects in fatigue of GRP Crowther, M. F. and Starkey, M. S.
Composites Science and Technology Vol 31 No 2 (1988) pp 87-95 Data are presented to show that changing specimen size has considerable effect on the fatigue life of unidirectional GRP. Weibull statistics are used in an attempt to quantify the change in fatigue life that would be expected from size effects alone and the predictions tested against experimental data obtained for unidirectional glass fibre-
reinforced epoxy composites tested in flexure. It is shown that, where material and processing variables are kept constant, the model predicts the change in fatigue life with stressed volume with reasonable accuracy. It is stated that the model will also allow the effect attributable to change in dimensions of a specimen to be separated from the effects attributable to a change in material properties.
Abstracts of British Patents are prepared by Dr F. R. Jones, Department of Ceramics, Glasses and Polymers, University of Sheffield, UK
UK PATENTS COMPONENTS Bonding thermoplastic materials (The Welding Institute, UK) GB 2 200 590 A (10 August 1988) iCarbon fibre thermoplastic prepreg is used as the adhesive interlayer for a fusion weld whereby the fibres act as the heating element. I i
!Joining earl~n-c~rbon materials (Acurex Corp, USA) GB 2 201 122.4 (24 August 1988) A carhonisable interlayer such as pitch is used to stabilise a compression joint between two carbon fibre reinforced carbon materials.
GB 2 201 117 A (24 August 1988) A polyurethane foam is used as an in situ mandrel or for filling FRP layed-up onto an inflatable mandrel. The manufacture of lightweight extruded structural profile (M, J. Hewitt, UK) GB 2 202 180 A/GB 2 202 182 A (21 September 1988) A technique for continuous pultrusion of a graded particulate filled GRP sheath is described whereby the fillers are vacuum compacted sequentially with the finer fillers filling the interstices between the coarse filler particles. The particles are normally foamed to give a lightweight profile.
US PATENTS COMPONENTS
WA TERIALS CremJi~able polyphenylene oxide resin commtttm Matsushita Electric Works Ltd, Japan) ~B 2 200 128 A (27 July 1988) The described matrix has applications for :omposite laminates as printed circuit board mbstrates, with enhanced heat and chemical resistance. Polyimtde-siloxanes method of making and General Electric Company, USA) GB 2 200 647 A (10 August 1988) These condensation polymers have applications in semiconductor devices and composites. Heat insulating laminates (Man Technologic GmbH, FRG) GB 2 201 373 A (1 September 1988) Ceramic material for use at 1000°C and above is made from reflective layers consisthag of a subtrate of impregnated, fired ceramic fibres and a noble metal interdispersed with alumina fibrous wadding.
PROCESSES ~ n g process for composite hockey stidm (Charing Inn Aluminium Industry Co Ltd, Talwan)
COMPOSITES. JANUARY 1989
Composite thread line sails Conrad, P. G. (Sobstad Sailmakers Incorporated, Old Saybrook, CT, USA) US Pat 4 708 080 (24 November 1987) A sail, with a head, a tack, and a clew, which in use has principal stress lines is made up from a number of joined panels. Each panel is a laminate consisiting of at least two layers between which is non-woven, force-bearing thread material predeterminedly disposed along the lines of stress. Club-head Kobayashi, M. (Maruman Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 708 347 (24 November 1987) A golf club head made from a number of separate portions is described. The main body, made from fibre-reinforced plastic, contains a weight of heavy material and is attached to a metal sole. Extruder die for extrusion of a thermoplastic laminate Reifenhfiuser, H., Reitemeyer, P., Krumm, K. and Beisemann, H. (Reifenhauser GmbH and Company Maschinenfabrik, Troisdorf, FRG) US Pat 4 708 618 (24 November 1987) A die for the extrusion of a multilayer thermoplastic laminate in the form of a foil or plate is described. Environmentally protected electrical contact terminal arrangement for a plastic-metalplastic laminated cycle fender
Belka, H. (ESGE-Marby GmbH and Company KG, Bielefeld, FRG) US Pat 4 708 665 (24 November 1987) The cycle fender comprises two layers of plastic within which is embedded a layer of metal foil. Within the fender is a shaft filled with ribbed rivet-shaped metal, the head of which rests upon the upper plastic layer and the body of which contains and provides electrical contact with the metal foil. Method of making a flexible bearing McGregor, J. D. (Morton Thiokol Incorporated, Chicago, IL, USA) US Pat 4 708 757 (24 November 1987) The bearing comprises first and second rigid end rings with flexible laminations between; the laminations consisting of alternating layers of elastomeric material and rigid reinforcement shims made of fabric material impregnated with resin. The whole bearing shape conforms to surfaces of concentric spheres. The bearing is made by first pressing and compacting each uncured resin impregnated fabric reinforceinent into the required shape. The bearing is then assembled in a mould and subjected to heat and pressure to cure the reinforcement and vulcanize the elastomeric material.
MATERIALS Zirconium metal matrix-silicon carbide coin. posite nuclear reactor components Ferrari, H, M. (Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) US Pat 4 707 330 (17 November 1987) Metallic components, including fuel cladding, control rods, rod guide thimbles, grids and channels, of a nuclear reactor are made from a metal matrix composite comprising 90-60 vol% Zr or a zirconium alloy (containing <5% alloying element) reinforced with 10-40 vol% SiC whiskers. Bicomponent ceramic fibres Rambosek, G. M. (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, St Paul, MN, USA) US Pat 4 707 399 (17 November 1987) A continuous, bicomponent, non-vitreous ceramic fibre, circular, oval or rod-like in cross-section comprises two ceramic components extending longitudinally side-by-side, each component being derived from a
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Composites Science and Technology Vol 31 No 2 (1988) pp 87-95 Data are presented to show that changing specimen size has considerable effect on the fatigue life of unidirectional GRP. Weibull statistics are used in an attempt to quantify the change in fatigue life that would be expected from size effects alone and the predictions tested against experimental data obtained for unidirectional glass fibre-
reinforced epoxy composites tested in flexure. It is shown that, where material and processing variables are kept constant, the model predicts the change in fatigue life with stressed volume with reasonable accuracy. It is stated that the model will also allow the effect attributable to change in dimensions of a specimen to be separated from the effects attributable to a change in material properties.
Abstracts of British Patents are prepared by Dr F. R. Jones, Department of Ceramics, Glasses and Polymers, University of Sheffield, UK
UK PATENTS COMPONENTS Bonding thermoplastic materials (The Welding Institute, UK) GB 2 200 590 A (10 August 1988) iCarbon fibre thermoplastic prepreg is used as the adhesive interlayer for a fusion weld whereby the fibres act as the heating element. I i
!Joining earl~n-c~rbon materials (Acurex Corp, USA) GB 2 201 122.4 (24 August 1988) A carhonisable interlayer such as pitch is used to stabilise a compression joint between two carbon fibre reinforced carbon materials.
GB 2 201 117 A (24 August 1988) A polyurethane foam is used as an in situ mandrel or for filling FRP layed-up onto an inflatable mandrel. The manufacture of lightweight extruded structural profile (M, J. Hewitt, UK) GB 2 202 180 A/GB 2 202 182 A (21 September 1988) A technique for continuous pultrusion of a graded particulate filled GRP sheath is described whereby the fillers are vacuum compacted sequentially with the finer fillers filling the interstices between the coarse filler particles. The particles are normally foamed to give a lightweight profile.
US PATENTS COMPONENTS
WA TERIALS CremJi~able polyphenylene oxide resin commtttm Matsushita Electric Works Ltd, Japan) ~B 2 200 128 A (27 July 1988) The described matrix has applications for :omposite laminates as printed circuit board mbstrates, with enhanced heat and chemical resistance. Polyimtde-siloxanes method of making and General Electric Company, USA) GB 2 200 647 A (10 August 1988) These condensation polymers have applications in semiconductor devices and composites. Heat insulating laminates (Man Technologic GmbH, FRG) GB 2 201 373 A (1 September 1988) Ceramic material for use at 1000°C and above is made from reflective layers consisthag of a subtrate of impregnated, fired ceramic fibres and a noble metal interdispersed with alumina fibrous wadding.
PROCESSES ~ n g process for composite hockey stidm (Charing Inn Aluminium Industry Co Ltd, Talwan)
COMPOSITES. JANUARY 1989
Composite thread line sails Conrad, P. G. (Sobstad Sailmakers Incorporated, Old Saybrook, CT, USA) US Pat 4 708 080 (24 November 1987) A sail, with a head, a tack, and a clew, which in use has principal stress lines is made up from a number of joined panels. Each panel is a laminate consisiting of at least two layers between which is non-woven, force-bearing thread material predeterminedly disposed along the lines of stress. Club-head Kobayashi, M. (Maruman Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 708 347 (24 November 1987) A golf club head made from a number of separate portions is described. The main body, made from fibre-reinforced plastic, contains a weight of heavy material and is attached to a metal sole. Extruder die for extrusion of a thermoplastic laminate Reifenhfiuser, H., Reitemeyer, P., Krumm, K. and Beisemann, H. (Reifenhauser GmbH and Company Maschinenfabrik, Troisdorf, FRG) US Pat 4 708 618 (24 November 1987) A die for the extrusion of a multilayer thermoplastic laminate in the form of a foil or plate is described. Environmentally protected electrical contact terminal arrangement for a plastic-metalplastic laminated cycle fender
Belka, H. (ESGE-Marby GmbH and Company KG, Bielefeld, FRG) US Pat 4 708 665 (24 November 1987) The cycle fender comprises two layers of plastic within which is embedded a layer of metal foil. Within the fender is a shaft filled with ribbed rivet-shaped metal, the head of which rests upon the upper plastic layer and the body of which contains and provides electrical contact with the metal foil. Method of making a flexible bearing McGregor, J. D. (Morton Thiokol Incorporated, Chicago, IL, USA) US Pat 4 708 757 (24 November 1987) The bearing comprises first and second rigid end rings with flexible laminations between; the laminations consisting of alternating layers of elastomeric material and rigid reinforcement shims made of fabric material impregnated with resin. The whole bearing shape conforms to surfaces of concentric spheres. The bearing is made by first pressing and compacting each uncured resin impregnated fabric reinforceinent into the required shape. The bearing is then assembled in a mould and subjected to heat and pressure to cure the reinforcement and vulcanize the elastomeric material.
MATERIALS Zirconium metal matrix-silicon carbide coin. posite nuclear reactor components Ferrari, H, M. (Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) US Pat 4 707 330 (17 November 1987) Metallic components, including fuel cladding, control rods, rod guide thimbles, grids and channels, of a nuclear reactor are made from a metal matrix composite comprising 90-60 vol% Zr or a zirconium alloy (containing <5% alloying element) reinforced with 10-40 vol% SiC whiskers. Bicomponent ceramic fibres Rambosek, G. M. (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, St Paul, MN, USA) US Pat 4 707 399 (17 November 1987) A continuous, bicomponent, non-vitreous ceramic fibre, circular, oval or rod-like in cross-section comprises two ceramic components extending longitudinally side-by-side, each component being derived from a
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