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Joint mobility among university students in Iraq
Absrracts
111
subject grouping and comparison: subjects with symmetrical paraspinal task performance. occasional (~4 tasks) asymmetry. low amplitude response for quasi-static loads, and large amplitude asymmetry (>4 tasks). Eighty percent of subjects with significant asymmetry of muscle action had recent LBP history. Isolated task testing is inconclusive as a clinical parameter. However, observation of performance of a series of tasks may be useful in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of function in low back pain.
important factor contributing to prolonged shoulder disability. An analysis of the distribution of loads imposed on the shoulder in practical working situations can be based on observations of working postures and external forces.
Triano JJ. Luttges M. J Manip
CLINICAL STUDIES
Physiol Ther
19X5; 8: 137-45
Herberts P, Kadefors 1984; 191: 166-78
R. Hogfors C, Sigholm G. Clin Orthop
Circadian variation in stature and the effects of spinal loading
Reliability study of detection of somatic dysfunctions in the cervical spine
Using a method comparable with that of Eklund and Corlett (1984) stature was measured with an accuracy of 1 mm in eight young adults. The mean circadian variation was 19.3 mm (1.1% of stature). Fifty-four percent of the diurnal loss in stature occurred in the first hour after rising. Approximately 70% was regained during the first half of the night. With static shoulder loads (2.5-40 kg), increases in the rate of shrinkage with increasing weight were nonlinear. Repetitive lifting led to greater shrinkage than with equivalent static loading. Rest in Fowler’s position gave more rapid regains in stature than post-exercise recovery in standing positions. The technique is therefore suitable for assessment of the effects of manual work with both occupational and therapeutic applications.
A reliability study was conducted to determine whether palpatory findings on the cervical spine, obtained under normal chiropractic clinical conditions were reproducible. Forty normal freshman chiropractic students underwent static and motion palpation of their cervical spines by three different chiropractors. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability of findings was assessed by concordance statistics (weighted kappa). There was statistically significant agreement of findings for all three examiners only for fixations in the lower cervical spine. There was a total lack of statistical agreement of fixation findings, both intra- and inter-examiner, in the middle cervical area. Agreement of fixation findings was intermediate for the upper cervicals and also for the other palpation parameters that were used (e.g. muscle spasms and pain) throughout the cervical spine. The results generally indicate a relatively high level of replicability of palpatorv findings in a normal asymptomatic population by ‘typical’ chiropractors. The relation of these palpatory findings to vertebral lesions, or subluxations. are unknown.
Tyrrell
AR.
Reilly T. Troup JDG.
Spine 1985: IO: 161-4
Low-back pain in nurses and some loading factors of work Questionnaires were sent to qualified nurses (ONs) and nursing aides (NAs) to study the prevalence of low-back pain (LBP) and sciatica in relation to age. work-load. free time activities. menstruation, pregnancies and number of children. LBP and sciatica severe enough to make them unfit for dail! tasks were significantly more common in NAs. Back Injut-! and disability pension due to sciatic svmptoms were also more common in NAs. Occupationally. NAs had twlcc the amount of lifting. bending. and rotation, while QNs reported more sitting and standing at work. Under the age of 30. the heaviness of the work was related to LBP in both NAs and QNs. It was concluded that prevention should be directed to improvements in the occupational work load. particularly for younger nurses. Videman T. Nurminen T, Tola S, Kuorinka Troup JDG. Spine 1984; 9: 400-4
I. Vanharanta
H,
Shoulder pain and heavy manual labour The problem of the increasingly common shoulder pain syndromes in industry was investigated by biomechanic and epidemiologic methods. Rotator cuff tendinitis constitutes a major problem in people with arduous occupations, i.e.. shipyard welders (prevalence ratio, 18.3%). and steel plateworkers (16.2%). Static work seems to induce symptoms at an earlier age. The clinical diagnosis was supraspinatus tendinitis. The biomechanic studies confirmed the view that the shoulder muscles are heavily loaded when the arm is elevated. Excessive hand tool mass increases the strain markedly in some muscles, particularly the supraspinatus and the infraspinatus. The hypovascularity of the supraspinatus tendon is then likely to be accentuated by high intramuscular pressure that reduces the blood flow through the muscle. The strain on the supraspinatus muscle in overhead work is an
Deboer KF, Harmon R. Tuttle Physiol Ther 1985; 8: Y-16
CD, Wallace
H. J Manip
Joint mobility among university students in Iraq The pre\,alence of joint hypermohility among 1771 universit\ htudcnts. aged X-24 vears. in Iraq has been determined from ;I surve!’ made in 1YRi. The degree of joint hypermobility was scored on ;I scale hctween 0 and 9 using the method described by Brighton in hi!, modification of the Carter and Wilkinson scoring system, Joint hypermobility, defined as a score of 4 out ofY or greater was found in 25.4% of males and 38.5% of females, The presence of joint complaints, ligamentous sprains. flat feet. Raynaud’s phenomenon, easy bruising, high palate and varicose veins correlated well with Joint hypermobility and were seen significantly more frequently in students scoring 7 out ofY or more than m students scoring 3 out of Y or less. The right (usually dominant) side was significantly less mobile than the left side, whatever the hypermohility score. Physique as expressed by body weight and height did not shah any relation to joint mobility. Al-Rawi Z S, AI-Aszawi IYXS: 24: X6-31
AJ. AI-Chalabi
The significance of the Trendelenburg
T. Br J Rheumatol
test
Trendelenburg’s test of function of the hip joint was first reported before radiology was available. At least four methods of performing it have since been described in the literature. We examined SO normal subjects and 103 people with disorders affecting either the spine or the hip. in order to
111
subject grouping and comparison: subjects with symmetrical paraspinal task performance. occasional (~4 tasks) asymmetry. low amplitude response for quasi-static loads, and large amplitude asymmetry (>4 tasks). Eighty percent of subjects with significant asymmetry of muscle action had recent LBP history. Isolated task testing is inconclusive as a clinical parameter. However, observation of performance of a series of tasks may be useful in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of function in low back pain.
important factor contributing to prolonged shoulder disability. An analysis of the distribution of loads imposed on the shoulder in practical working situations can be based on observations of working postures and external forces.
Triano JJ. Luttges M. J Manip
CLINICAL STUDIES
Physiol Ther
19X5; 8: 137-45
Herberts P, Kadefors 1984; 191: 166-78
R. Hogfors C, Sigholm G. Clin Orthop
Circadian variation in stature and the effects of spinal loading
Reliability study of detection of somatic dysfunctions in the cervical spine
Using a method comparable with that of Eklund and Corlett (1984) stature was measured with an accuracy of 1 mm in eight young adults. The mean circadian variation was 19.3 mm (1.1% of stature). Fifty-four percent of the diurnal loss in stature occurred in the first hour after rising. Approximately 70% was regained during the first half of the night. With static shoulder loads (2.5-40 kg), increases in the rate of shrinkage with increasing weight were nonlinear. Repetitive lifting led to greater shrinkage than with equivalent static loading. Rest in Fowler’s position gave more rapid regains in stature than post-exercise recovery in standing positions. The technique is therefore suitable for assessment of the effects of manual work with both occupational and therapeutic applications.
A reliability study was conducted to determine whether palpatory findings on the cervical spine, obtained under normal chiropractic clinical conditions were reproducible. Forty normal freshman chiropractic students underwent static and motion palpation of their cervical spines by three different chiropractors. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability of findings was assessed by concordance statistics (weighted kappa). There was statistically significant agreement of findings for all three examiners only for fixations in the lower cervical spine. There was a total lack of statistical agreement of fixation findings, both intra- and inter-examiner, in the middle cervical area. Agreement of fixation findings was intermediate for the upper cervicals and also for the other palpation parameters that were used (e.g. muscle spasms and pain) throughout the cervical spine. The results generally indicate a relatively high level of replicability of palpatorv findings in a normal asymptomatic population by ‘typical’ chiropractors. The relation of these palpatory findings to vertebral lesions, or subluxations. are unknown.
Tyrrell
AR.
Reilly T. Troup JDG.
Spine 1985: IO: 161-4
Low-back pain in nurses and some loading factors of work Questionnaires were sent to qualified nurses (ONs) and nursing aides (NAs) to study the prevalence of low-back pain (LBP) and sciatica in relation to age. work-load. free time activities. menstruation, pregnancies and number of children. LBP and sciatica severe enough to make them unfit for dail! tasks were significantly more common in NAs. Back Injut-! and disability pension due to sciatic svmptoms were also more common in NAs. Occupationally. NAs had twlcc the amount of lifting. bending. and rotation, while QNs reported more sitting and standing at work. Under the age of 30. the heaviness of the work was related to LBP in both NAs and QNs. It was concluded that prevention should be directed to improvements in the occupational work load. particularly for younger nurses. Videman T. Nurminen T, Tola S, Kuorinka Troup JDG. Spine 1984; 9: 400-4
I. Vanharanta
H,
Shoulder pain and heavy manual labour The problem of the increasingly common shoulder pain syndromes in industry was investigated by biomechanic and epidemiologic methods. Rotator cuff tendinitis constitutes a major problem in people with arduous occupations, i.e.. shipyard welders (prevalence ratio, 18.3%). and steel plateworkers (16.2%). Static work seems to induce symptoms at an earlier age. The clinical diagnosis was supraspinatus tendinitis. The biomechanic studies confirmed the view that the shoulder muscles are heavily loaded when the arm is elevated. Excessive hand tool mass increases the strain markedly in some muscles, particularly the supraspinatus and the infraspinatus. The hypovascularity of the supraspinatus tendon is then likely to be accentuated by high intramuscular pressure that reduces the blood flow through the muscle. The strain on the supraspinatus muscle in overhead work is an
Deboer KF, Harmon R. Tuttle Physiol Ther 1985; 8: Y-16
CD, Wallace
H. J Manip
Joint mobility among university students in Iraq The pre\,alence of joint hypermohility among 1771 universit\ htudcnts. aged X-24 vears. in Iraq has been determined from ;I surve!’ made in 1YRi. The degree of joint hypermobility was scored on ;I scale hctween 0 and 9 using the method described by Brighton in hi!, modification of the Carter and Wilkinson scoring system, Joint hypermobility, defined as a score of 4 out ofY or greater was found in 25.4% of males and 38.5% of females, The presence of joint complaints, ligamentous sprains. flat feet. Raynaud’s phenomenon, easy bruising, high palate and varicose veins correlated well with Joint hypermobility and were seen significantly more frequently in students scoring 7 out ofY or more than m students scoring 3 out of Y or less. The right (usually dominant) side was significantly less mobile than the left side, whatever the hypermohility score. Physique as expressed by body weight and height did not shah any relation to joint mobility. Al-Rawi Z S, AI-Aszawi IYXS: 24: X6-31
AJ. AI-Chalabi
The significance of the Trendelenburg
T. Br J Rheumatol
test
Trendelenburg’s test of function of the hip joint was first reported before radiology was available. At least four methods of performing it have since been described in the literature. We examined SO normal subjects and 103 people with disorders affecting either the spine or the hip. in order to