- Email: [email protected]
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences EDITOR IN CHIEF Dr. Ronald T. Borchardt
EMERITUS EDITOR
C. Russell Middaugh
John Carpenter
William Higuchi
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry The University of Kansas 2095 Constant Ave., Room 121c Lawrence, KS 66047 Tel: 785-864-5919 Fax: 785-864-5875 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
University of Colorado Denver Denver, CO
EDITORS
Thomas Rades
Bradley D. Anderson
Copenhagen University København, Denmark
University of Kentucky Lexington, KY
Kenneth L. Audus The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
Marcus E. Brewster Johnson and Johnson Beerse, Belgium
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT
Harry G. Brittain
Tammy Dunning ([email protected]) Becky Whaley ([email protected])
Center for Pharmaceutical Physics Milford, NJ
Ferdinando Giordano Torre d’Isola (Pavia), Italy
Tetsuya Terasaki Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
Ijeoma F. Uchegbu University of London London, UK
EDITOR of Reviews, Minireviews, and General Commentaries and Commentaries on Global Health
EDITORS of Commentaries on Clinical Trials and Translational Medicine Jenny Chien Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis, IN
Rodney Ho University of Washington Seattle, WA
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Hua Ai Sichuan University Chengdu, P. R. China Michael J. Akers Akers Consulting Martinsville, IN Hidetaka Akita Hokkaido University Sapporo City, Japan Gregory E. Amidon University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI Thomas J. Anchordoquy Univ. of Colorado Denver Denver, CO Per Artursson Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden Patrick Augustijns Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven, Belgium Bruce J. Aungst QPS, LLC Newark, DE Annette Bak Merck & Co. Rahway, NJ Joseph Balthasar SUNY - University of Buffalo Buffalo, NY Sathy V. Balu-Iyer SUNY - University at Buffalo Amherst, NY Karoline Bechtold-Peters F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Basel, Switzerland Jared S. Bee Medimmune, Gaithersburg, MD Cory Berkland The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS Joel Bernstein New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Robin Bogner University of Connecticut Storrs, CT Kathleen MK Boje University at Buffalo Amherst, NY
J.A. Bouwstra LACDR, Leiden University Leiden, The Netherlands Ben J. Boyd Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Parkville, Australia David N. Brems Newbury Park, CA Birger Brodin University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark Kenneth R. Brouwer Qualyst, Inc., Durham, NC Stephen R. Byrn Purdue University West Lafayette, IN Mino R. Caira University of Capetown Rondebosch, South Africa Carla M. Caramella University of Pavia Pavia, Italy Duncan Q.M. Craig University of East Anglia Norwich, UK John H. Crowe University of California, Davis Davis, CA Richard T. Darrington Boehringer-Ingelheim Ridgefield, CT Martyn C. Davies University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK Henk J. de Jong Leiden University/FIP The Netherlands Elizabeth CM de Lange Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research Sven Deferme PharmaXL Boutersem, Belgium Yoshiharu Deguchi Teikyo University Kanagawa, Japan Hartmut Derendorf University of Florida Gainesville, FL
Prashant Desai Eli Lilly and Company lndianapolis, lN Jennifer Dressman Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany Dave Elder GlaxoSmithKline Ware, United Kingdom Robert K. Evans Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA Elias Fattal University of Paris-Sud Chatenay-Malabry, France Barrie C. Finnin Monash University Parkville, Australia Igor Gonda Aradigm Corporation Hayward, CA Henrik Gréen Linköpings Universitët Linköping, Sweden Kai Griebenow University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus San Juan, Puerto Rico Adeola Grillo University of the Incarnate Word San Antonio, TX Richard H. Guy University of Bath, Bath, UK Jonathan Hadgraft University of London London, UK Michael J. Hageman Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Princeton, NJ Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden Bruno C. Hancock Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT David J. Hauss Hauss Associates New York, NY James N. Herron University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT
Anthony J. Hickey RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC Ken-ichi Hosoya University of Toyama Toyama, Japan Patricia Hurter Vertex Pharmaceuticals Cambridge, MA Munir Hussain Bristol-Myers Squibb Company New Brunswick, NJ Ichiro Ieiri Kyushu University Higashi-ku, Japan Tatsuhiro lshida The University of Tokushima Tokushima, Japan Ken-ichi Izutsu National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan Wim Jiskoot Leiden University The Netherlands Kevin C. Johnson Intellipharm, LLC, Niantic, CT David S. Jones Queen’s University of Belfast Northern Ireland, UK LaToya Jones-Braun University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO Devendra S. Kalonia University of Connecticut Storrs, CT Gerald B. Kasting University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH Yukio Kato Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan Bruce A. Kerwin Amgen, Seattle, WA Filippos Kesisoglou Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA Vitaliy Khutoryanskiy University of Reading Reading, UK
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD (continued) Peter Kleinebudde Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany
Sudax Murdan University of London, London, UK
Niklas Sandler Abo Akademi University Turku, Finland
Gregory T. Knipp Purdue University West Lafayette, IN
S. Narasimha Murthy The University of Mississippi University, MS
Hitoshi Sasaki Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki, Japan
Janet Koe Janet Koe Consultancy San Mateo, CA
Steven Nail Baxter Pharmaceutical Solutions LLC, Bloomington, IN
Christian Schöneich The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
M.N.V. Ravi Kumar University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK
Miki Nakajima Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
Richard L. Schowen The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
Hiroyuki Kusuhara The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
Linda Owers Narhi Amgen, Inc. Thousand Oaks, CA
William J. Lambert MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD
Joseph A. Nicolazzo Monash University, Parkville Australia
Majella E. Lane UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK Robert S. Langer Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Jennifer S. Laurence The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS M. Jayne Lawrence King’s College London, London, UK David Lechuga-Ballesteros Pearl Therapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA Jean-Christophe Leroux Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
Sumio Ohtsuki Kumamoto University Kumamoto, Japan
Steven P. Schwendeman The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI Abu T. M. Serajuddin St. John’s University Queens, NY Ravi M. Shanker Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT
Tetsuya Ozeki Nagoya City University Nagoya, Japan
Danny D. Shen University of Washington Seattle, WA
Jayanth Panyam University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
Chang-Koo Shim Seoul National University Seoul, Korea
Yvonne Perrie Aston University Birmingham, UK
Teruna J. Siahaan The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
Michael J. Pikal University of Connecticut Storrs, CT
Satish K. Singh Pfizer, lnc., Chesterfield, MO
James E. Polli University of Maryland Baltimore, MD
Pierre Souillac Eisai Inc., Andover, MA Valentino J. Stella The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
Thorsteinn Loftsson University of Iceland Reykjavik, Iceland
Christopher J.H. Porter Monash University Melbourne, Australia
Hanns-Christian Mahler F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Basel, Switzerland
Richard J. Prankerd Monash University Parkville, Australia
Amedeo Marini CSGI - University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
Véronique Préat Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
Brian E. Mattioni Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA
Theodore W. Randolph University of Colorado Boulder, CO
Michael B. Maurin Maurin Healthcare Consulting, Wilmington, DE
Jukka Rantanen University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
Gary McGeorge Bristol-Myers Squibb New Brunswick, NJ
Susan Reutzel-Edens Eli Lilly & Company Indianapolis, IN
James W. McGinity University of Texas Austin, TX
Kevin G. Rice University of Iowa Iowa City, IA
Patrick McNamara University of Kentucky Lexington, KY
Nair Rodriguez-Hornedo The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI
David R. Taft Long Island University Brooklyn, NY
Jan P. Moeschwitzer Abbott GmbH & Co. KG Ludwigshafen, Germany
Mark C. Rogge Biogen Idec Corporation Cambridge, MA
Mikihisa Takano Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan
Amy Rosenberg Division of Therapeutic Proteins, CDER, FDA, Bethesda, MD
Yun K. Tam Sinoveda Canada Inc. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Chandrahas Sahajwalla U.S. Food & Drug Administration Gaithersburg, MD
Ikumi Tamai Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
Yoshimichi Sai Kanazawa University Hospital Kanazawa, Japan
Lynne S. Taylor Purdue University West Lafayette, IN
Marilyn E. Morris University at Buffalo Amherst, NY Anette Müllertz University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark Eric Munson University of Kentucky Lexington, KY
Gregory A. Stephenson Eli Lilly and Company lndianapolis, lN Audra Stinchcomb University of Kentucky and AllTranz Inc., Lexington, KY Robert M. Straubinger University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY Changquan Calvin Sun University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN Raj G. Suryanarayanan University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN Masanori Tachikawa Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
Editorial Production, John Wiley: Al G. M. Liburd (e-mail: [email protected])
Allen C. Templeton Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA Dhiren R. Thakker The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC Frank-Peter Theil UCB Pharma Brussels, Belgium Mike Tobyn Bristol-Myers Squibb Moreton, UK Yasuo Tsutsumi Osaka University Osaka, Japan Guy Van den Mooter Catholic University of Leuven Leuven, Belgium Geert Verreck Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium Michel Vert CNRS-University Montpellier 1 Montpellier, France David Volkin The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS Jan L. Wahlstrom Amgen, Inc., Seattle, WA Nicholas Warne Pfizer Andover, MA Timothy Wiedmann University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN Adrian Williams University of Reading Reading, UK Gerhard Winter Ludwig Maximilians Universität Münich, Germany Samuel H. Yalkowsky University of Arizona Tucson, AZ Akira Yamamoto Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto, Japan Keiji Yamamoto Chiba University Chiba, Japan Shinji H. Yamashita Setsunan University Osaka, Japan Hiroshi Yamazaki Showa Pharmaceutical University Tokyo, Japan Ping Yeh Biogen Idec, Inc., San Diego, CA Kouichi Yoshinari Tohoku University Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Lian Yu University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI Hiroaki Yuasa Nagoya City University Nagoya, Japan Gaylen M. Zentner Myrexis, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT Cheryl L. Zimmerman University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
EMERITUS EDITOR
C. Russell Middaugh
John Carpenter
William Higuchi
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry The University of Kansas 2095 Constant Ave., Room 121c Lawrence, KS 66047 Tel: 785-864-5919 Fax: 785-864-5875 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
University of Colorado Denver Denver, CO
EDITORS
Thomas Rades
Bradley D. Anderson
Copenhagen University København, Denmark
University of Kentucky Lexington, KY
Kenneth L. Audus The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
Marcus E. Brewster Johnson and Johnson Beerse, Belgium
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT
Harry G. Brittain
Tammy Dunning ([email protected]) Becky Whaley ([email protected])
Center for Pharmaceutical Physics Milford, NJ
Ferdinando Giordano Torre d’Isola (Pavia), Italy
Tetsuya Terasaki Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
Ijeoma F. Uchegbu University of London London, UK
EDITOR of Reviews, Minireviews, and General Commentaries and Commentaries on Global Health
EDITORS of Commentaries on Clinical Trials and Translational Medicine Jenny Chien Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis, IN
Rodney Ho University of Washington Seattle, WA
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Hua Ai Sichuan University Chengdu, P. R. China Michael J. Akers Akers Consulting Martinsville, IN Hidetaka Akita Hokkaido University Sapporo City, Japan Gregory E. Amidon University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI Thomas J. Anchordoquy Univ. of Colorado Denver Denver, CO Per Artursson Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden Patrick Augustijns Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven, Belgium Bruce J. Aungst QPS, LLC Newark, DE Annette Bak Merck & Co. Rahway, NJ Joseph Balthasar SUNY - University of Buffalo Buffalo, NY Sathy V. Balu-Iyer SUNY - University at Buffalo Amherst, NY Karoline Bechtold-Peters F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Basel, Switzerland Jared S. Bee Medimmune, Gaithersburg, MD Cory Berkland The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS Joel Bernstein New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Robin Bogner University of Connecticut Storrs, CT Kathleen MK Boje University at Buffalo Amherst, NY
J.A. Bouwstra LACDR, Leiden University Leiden, The Netherlands Ben J. Boyd Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Parkville, Australia David N. Brems Newbury Park, CA Birger Brodin University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark Kenneth R. Brouwer Qualyst, Inc., Durham, NC Stephen R. Byrn Purdue University West Lafayette, IN Mino R. Caira University of Capetown Rondebosch, South Africa Carla M. Caramella University of Pavia Pavia, Italy Duncan Q.M. Craig University of East Anglia Norwich, UK John H. Crowe University of California, Davis Davis, CA Richard T. Darrington Boehringer-Ingelheim Ridgefield, CT Martyn C. Davies University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK Henk J. de Jong Leiden University/FIP The Netherlands Elizabeth CM de Lange Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research Sven Deferme PharmaXL Boutersem, Belgium Yoshiharu Deguchi Teikyo University Kanagawa, Japan Hartmut Derendorf University of Florida Gainesville, FL
Prashant Desai Eli Lilly and Company lndianapolis, lN Jennifer Dressman Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany Dave Elder GlaxoSmithKline Ware, United Kingdom Robert K. Evans Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA Elias Fattal University of Paris-Sud Chatenay-Malabry, France Barrie C. Finnin Monash University Parkville, Australia Igor Gonda Aradigm Corporation Hayward, CA Henrik Gréen Linköpings Universitët Linköping, Sweden Kai Griebenow University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus San Juan, Puerto Rico Adeola Grillo University of the Incarnate Word San Antonio, TX Richard H. Guy University of Bath, Bath, UK Jonathan Hadgraft University of London London, UK Michael J. Hageman Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Princeton, NJ Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden Bruno C. Hancock Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT David J. Hauss Hauss Associates New York, NY James N. Herron University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT
Anthony J. Hickey RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC Ken-ichi Hosoya University of Toyama Toyama, Japan Patricia Hurter Vertex Pharmaceuticals Cambridge, MA Munir Hussain Bristol-Myers Squibb Company New Brunswick, NJ Ichiro Ieiri Kyushu University Higashi-ku, Japan Tatsuhiro lshida The University of Tokushima Tokushima, Japan Ken-ichi Izutsu National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan Wim Jiskoot Leiden University The Netherlands Kevin C. Johnson Intellipharm, LLC, Niantic, CT David S. Jones Queen’s University of Belfast Northern Ireland, UK LaToya Jones-Braun University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO Devendra S. Kalonia University of Connecticut Storrs, CT Gerald B. Kasting University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH Yukio Kato Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan Bruce A. Kerwin Amgen, Seattle, WA Filippos Kesisoglou Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA Vitaliy Khutoryanskiy University of Reading Reading, UK
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD (continued) Peter Kleinebudde Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany
Sudax Murdan University of London, London, UK
Niklas Sandler Abo Akademi University Turku, Finland
Gregory T. Knipp Purdue University West Lafayette, IN
S. Narasimha Murthy The University of Mississippi University, MS
Hitoshi Sasaki Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki, Japan
Janet Koe Janet Koe Consultancy San Mateo, CA
Steven Nail Baxter Pharmaceutical Solutions LLC, Bloomington, IN
Christian Schöneich The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
M.N.V. Ravi Kumar University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK
Miki Nakajima Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
Richard L. Schowen The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
Hiroyuki Kusuhara The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
Linda Owers Narhi Amgen, Inc. Thousand Oaks, CA
William J. Lambert MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD
Joseph A. Nicolazzo Monash University, Parkville Australia
Majella E. Lane UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK Robert S. Langer Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Jennifer S. Laurence The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS M. Jayne Lawrence King’s College London, London, UK David Lechuga-Ballesteros Pearl Therapeutics, Inc., Redwood City, CA Jean-Christophe Leroux Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
Sumio Ohtsuki Kumamoto University Kumamoto, Japan
Steven P. Schwendeman The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI Abu T. M. Serajuddin St. John’s University Queens, NY Ravi M. Shanker Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT
Tetsuya Ozeki Nagoya City University Nagoya, Japan
Danny D. Shen University of Washington Seattle, WA
Jayanth Panyam University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
Chang-Koo Shim Seoul National University Seoul, Korea
Yvonne Perrie Aston University Birmingham, UK
Teruna J. Siahaan The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
Michael J. Pikal University of Connecticut Storrs, CT
Satish K. Singh Pfizer, lnc., Chesterfield, MO
James E. Polli University of Maryland Baltimore, MD
Pierre Souillac Eisai Inc., Andover, MA Valentino J. Stella The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS
Thorsteinn Loftsson University of Iceland Reykjavik, Iceland
Christopher J.H. Porter Monash University Melbourne, Australia
Hanns-Christian Mahler F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Basel, Switzerland
Richard J. Prankerd Monash University Parkville, Australia
Amedeo Marini CSGI - University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
Véronique Préat Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium
Brian E. Mattioni Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA
Theodore W. Randolph University of Colorado Boulder, CO
Michael B. Maurin Maurin Healthcare Consulting, Wilmington, DE
Jukka Rantanen University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
Gary McGeorge Bristol-Myers Squibb New Brunswick, NJ
Susan Reutzel-Edens Eli Lilly & Company Indianapolis, IN
James W. McGinity University of Texas Austin, TX
Kevin G. Rice University of Iowa Iowa City, IA
Patrick McNamara University of Kentucky Lexington, KY
Nair Rodriguez-Hornedo The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI
David R. Taft Long Island University Brooklyn, NY
Jan P. Moeschwitzer Abbott GmbH & Co. KG Ludwigshafen, Germany
Mark C. Rogge Biogen Idec Corporation Cambridge, MA
Mikihisa Takano Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan
Amy Rosenberg Division of Therapeutic Proteins, CDER, FDA, Bethesda, MD
Yun K. Tam Sinoveda Canada Inc. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Chandrahas Sahajwalla U.S. Food & Drug Administration Gaithersburg, MD
Ikumi Tamai Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
Yoshimichi Sai Kanazawa University Hospital Kanazawa, Japan
Lynne S. Taylor Purdue University West Lafayette, IN
Marilyn E. Morris University at Buffalo Amherst, NY Anette Müllertz University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark Eric Munson University of Kentucky Lexington, KY
Gregory A. Stephenson Eli Lilly and Company lndianapolis, lN Audra Stinchcomb University of Kentucky and AllTranz Inc., Lexington, KY Robert M. Straubinger University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY Changquan Calvin Sun University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN Raj G. Suryanarayanan University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN Masanori Tachikawa Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
Editorial Production, John Wiley: Al G. M. Liburd (e-mail: [email protected])
Allen C. Templeton Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA Dhiren R. Thakker The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC Frank-Peter Theil UCB Pharma Brussels, Belgium Mike Tobyn Bristol-Myers Squibb Moreton, UK Yasuo Tsutsumi Osaka University Osaka, Japan Guy Van den Mooter Catholic University of Leuven Leuven, Belgium Geert Verreck Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium Michel Vert CNRS-University Montpellier 1 Montpellier, France David Volkin The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS Jan L. Wahlstrom Amgen, Inc., Seattle, WA Nicholas Warne Pfizer Andover, MA Timothy Wiedmann University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN Adrian Williams University of Reading Reading, UK Gerhard Winter Ludwig Maximilians Universität Münich, Germany Samuel H. Yalkowsky University of Arizona Tucson, AZ Akira Yamamoto Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto, Japan Keiji Yamamoto Chiba University Chiba, Japan Shinji H. Yamashita Setsunan University Osaka, Japan Hiroshi Yamazaki Showa Pharmaceutical University Tokyo, Japan Ping Yeh Biogen Idec, Inc., San Diego, CA Kouichi Yoshinari Tohoku University Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Lian Yu University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI Hiroaki Yuasa Nagoya City University Nagoya, Japan Gaylen M. Zentner Myrexis, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT Cheryl L. Zimmerman University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN