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Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association Guidelines for Authors
FEATURE
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association Guidelines for Authors
The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association welcomes original research and articles that report crisply and concisely on meaningful developments in pharmacy practice. These articles may introduce new information about drugs and therapeutic trends, new technologies and methods, and updates on therapy. We recommend that articles be reviewed by a colleague for accuracy, clarity, and completeness before submission to this peer-reviewed journal. JAPhA will consider only articles that have not been previously published, are not accepted for publication, and are not currently under consideration by other publications. All manuscripts are subject to peer review. Authors' names are removed during the review process, and reviewers' names are kept confidential. Authors are notified by phone, e-mail, or in writing at each significant stage in the review process. Revised manuscripts may receive a second review. JAPhA accepts for review papers prepared in accordance with the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. 1 All accepted manuscripts will be edited to conform to JAPhA style. For guidance in preparing manuscripts, refer to The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th ed. (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; 1993); the American Medical Association Manual of Style, 9th ed. (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1998); and Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 26th ed. (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1995). Manuscripts are considered for the following peer-reviewed subsections within the Science & Practice section of JAPhA: Research: Papers reporting results of studies based on a scientific method or scholarly investigation. Topics may include but are not limited to outcomes studies linking science with pharmacy practice, pharmacoeconomics, clinical use of drugs, and the humanistic impact of pharmacotherapy and pharmacists ' interventions in patient care. R eviews: Synthetic summaries of articles in the primary pharmacy and biomedical literature reflecting the latest research on
Vol. 40, No.1
January/February 2000
clinical, administrative, legal, humanistic, and economic topics. Experience: Descriptive reports on topics germane to pharmacy practice. Subject matter may range from clinical or administrative case reports to practice innovations. Commentary: Articles of 1,200 to 2,000 words or more expressing informed personal opinions about events, trends, or developments in pharmacy or health care. Shorter opinion pieces are published in the Viewpoint department. Papers may also be prepared and submitted for consideration in several departments within JAPhA. These submissions are generally staff-reviewed. Departments include the following: • • • • •
Letters Viewpoint Biotechnology Update Vaccine Update Pharmacolnformatics
Preparing Your Manuscript for Submission Send all manuscripts to: Senior Editor Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 2215 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20037-2985 All pages-including title page, text, references, tables, and figures-must be typed double-spaced, left justified (ragged right), and printed letter-quality on one side of 8 ~ x II-inch white paper, in 10- or 12-point type. In preparing your manuscript, keep the format simple. Italics (not underline or boldface type), superscripts, and subscripts are acceptable, but special functions such as indents or automatic endnotes and reference numbering are not. These tools are not compatible with our production system and cause major problems.
Journal of the American Pbannaceutical Association
103
FEATURE
Guidelines for Authors
Authors must provide manuscripts on 3.5-inch diskettes, but only once the manuscript has been accepted. It is not necessary to send fIrst submissions or revisions on diskette. Microsoft Word 6.0 for Windows is the preferred format, but we can also use Microsoft Word 97, WordPerfect 5.0, or WordPerfect 5.1 for DOS (IBM). Six copies of the complete manuscript (including photocopies of illustrations) must be submitted, along with one set of original, camera-ready art. Retain copies of all materials submitted. The authors' names and affiliations should be included on the title pages of two copies and omitted from the four additional copies. If the manuscript reports results of a survey, attach a copy of the survey instrument to each copy of the paper. Each submission must contain the following components, in the order listed. Number pages consecutively, with the title page being page 1. Cover letter. The cover letter must identify the corresponding author, as well as that author's address, phone number, fax number, and e-mail address. It should summarize in several sentences the paper' s important points. It must (1) state that the paper is not under consideration by another publication; (2) identify the nature and extent of any author's fInancial interest or affiliation with any company, product, or service mentioned in the manuscript; and (3) include one of the following statements: In consideration of the American Pharmaceutical Association's reviewing and editing of this submission, the author(s) undersigned hereby transfer(s), assign(s), or otherwise convey(s) all copyright ownership to APhA in the event that this work is published by APhA. (or) I was an employee of the United States government when this work was investigated and prepared for publication; it is therefore not protected by the Copyright Act and there is no copyright that can be transferred. Title page. Include the paper' s title and identify all authors; their highest educational degrees, positions, and affiliations; sources of support for studies; and acknowledgments of other contributions. Again, the authors' names should be omitted from the title pages of the four additional copies Abstracts. All Research, Reviews, Experience, and Commentary articles should include abstracts of no more than 250 words. Provide a structured abstract with the following subheads for the types of articles shown: Research: Objective, Design, Setting, Patients or Other Participants , Intervention(s), Main Outcome Measure(s), Results, Conclusion. Reviews: Objective, Data Sources (include indexing terms used in computerized bibliographic searches), Study Selection (any criteria used to select studies from among all identified ones), Data Extraction (guidelines used by one or more investigators to extract information and assess data quality and validity), Data Synthesis (summary of contents of the article), Conclusion. Experience: Objective, Setting, Practice Description (Patient
104
Journal of the American Phannaceutical Association
Description for clinical case reports), Practice Innovation (Case Summary for clinical case reports), Main Outcome Measure(s), Results, Conclusion. Commentary: Objective, Data Sources (if applicable), Summary, Conclusion. Text. Repeat the article title on the first text page. Use subheads to introduce the article' s main sections. Research papers should be presented in this format: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. Do not use endnote functions in the text. In the text, refer to drugs by their generic names. To identify a particular brand-name product, place the trade name and manufacturer in parentheses after the generic name: generic name (Trade name-Manufacturer). Do not use trademark symbols. Footnotes. Avoid using footnotes in text. If they are absolutely necessary, use lower-case letters (a, b, c, etc.). References. JAPhA follows the reference style of the American Medical Association, with only slight modifIcations. Note the following exception to AMA style: If an article has one to four authors, list all authors' names; if more than four authors, list three followed by "et al." All references must be cited in the text and numbered sequentially in order of use. Periodicals are abbre· viated according to Index Medicus. Examples of reference styles follow. • For journal articles: 1. Allison MC, Howatson GA, Torrance CJ, et al. Gastrointestinal damage associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:749-54.
• For books: 2. Beauchamp T, Childress J. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press; 1983:225-7.
To prevent serious problems in electronic processing, do not use indent functions or functions that automatically renumber reference citations when they are moved in the text. Tables. Keep table formats simple. If possible, use the Microsoft Word table function; otherwise, separate table columns with single tabs (i.e., hit the tab key only once between items). Do not use hidden codes or special type commands in tables. Tables must be numbered and cited in the text. Tables should not simply repeat information included in the text, and the text should include only the most significant data or highlights of data provided in tables . All acronyms or abbreviations must be defined, all math totals must be correct, and all table columns must have headings. Place explanatory matter in the table's foot· notes, not in the heading. For footnotes in tables, use lower-case letters (a, b, c, etc.). Tables must be typed double-spaced, with no lines or rules. Tables must be designed to stand alone; that is, the table itself must contain all of the information needed to convey the intended meaning, without the need for the reader to refer to the text. It is strongly recommended that tables be reviewed by a col·
January/February 2000 Vol. 40, No.1
Guidelines for Authors
league for this "stand-alone" criterion. Figures, photographs, and illustrations. Figures must be numbered and cited in the text. Provide figures and illustrations as camera-ready art. Computer-generated art must be printed on a letter-quality printer; all plot points should be included. All blackand-white photographs should be 5 x 7-inch prints; all color photos should be submitted as transparencies, slides, or color prints, but no negatives should be submitted. Affix a label to the back of each photograph that identifies the author, the figure number, and the top of the figure; include a caption and credit line where appropriate. Permissions. Material taken from other sources must be accompanied by evidence that permission to use the material has been obtained from the publisher and the author.
Reference 1. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. N Eng/ J Med. 1997;336:309-15.
FEATURE
CHECKLIST-Have You: • Printed the manuscript in letter-quality 10- or 12-point type, double-spaced throughout, with each of the following components starting on a new page: cover letter; title page; abstract; text; footnotes; references; tables; figures, photographs, and illustrations (with captions, if necessary); and permissions? • Stated in your cover letter why the paper is important, affirmed that it is not under consideration by other publications, and revealed any financial or other conflicts of interest of the authors? • Provided six copies of the complete manuscript (including photocopies of figures), and one set of camera-ready art? • Included permission to use any material picked up from other sources? • Checked referenced text material for accuracy against the referenced articles, especially any quoted material? • Checked the reference list for accuracy and correct style? • Included all necessary information in the cover letter, including your fax number and E-mail address? • Kept copies of all materials you are submitting?
JAPhA
,
Journal of the American Phannaceutical Association Pearls for Publication: JAPhA Seeks Submissions The editors of JAPhA seek short "pearls" 100 to 300 words in length, on innovative ways pharmacists have solved clinical, practice, or business problems commonly encountered in practice. The goal is to provide readers with useful infonnation they can apply immediately in their practices. (For examples, please see the Clinical Pearl by Jennings and Romanelli on page 150 of the MarchiApril1999 JAPhA, and by Weitzel and Goode on page 842 of the NovemberlDecember 1999 issue.) All submissions will be peer reviewed by members of the Journal's Editorial Advisory Board. Authors must be identified, and submissions should be accompanied by the standard copyright-transferral statement and a frrst-publication assurance, as outlined in the Guidelines/or Authors. Submissions should be directed to Ron Teeter at APhA Headquarters, 2215 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037-2985.
Vol. 40, No.1
January/February 2000
Journal of the American Phannaceutical Association
105
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association Guidelines for Authors
The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association welcomes original research and articles that report crisply and concisely on meaningful developments in pharmacy practice. These articles may introduce new information about drugs and therapeutic trends, new technologies and methods, and updates on therapy. We recommend that articles be reviewed by a colleague for accuracy, clarity, and completeness before submission to this peer-reviewed journal. JAPhA will consider only articles that have not been previously published, are not accepted for publication, and are not currently under consideration by other publications. All manuscripts are subject to peer review. Authors' names are removed during the review process, and reviewers' names are kept confidential. Authors are notified by phone, e-mail, or in writing at each significant stage in the review process. Revised manuscripts may receive a second review. JAPhA accepts for review papers prepared in accordance with the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. 1 All accepted manuscripts will be edited to conform to JAPhA style. For guidance in preparing manuscripts, refer to The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th ed. (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; 1993); the American Medical Association Manual of Style, 9th ed. (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1998); and Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 26th ed. (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1995). Manuscripts are considered for the following peer-reviewed subsections within the Science & Practice section of JAPhA: Research: Papers reporting results of studies based on a scientific method or scholarly investigation. Topics may include but are not limited to outcomes studies linking science with pharmacy practice, pharmacoeconomics, clinical use of drugs, and the humanistic impact of pharmacotherapy and pharmacists ' interventions in patient care. R eviews: Synthetic summaries of articles in the primary pharmacy and biomedical literature reflecting the latest research on
Vol. 40, No.1
January/February 2000
clinical, administrative, legal, humanistic, and economic topics. Experience: Descriptive reports on topics germane to pharmacy practice. Subject matter may range from clinical or administrative case reports to practice innovations. Commentary: Articles of 1,200 to 2,000 words or more expressing informed personal opinions about events, trends, or developments in pharmacy or health care. Shorter opinion pieces are published in the Viewpoint department. Papers may also be prepared and submitted for consideration in several departments within JAPhA. These submissions are generally staff-reviewed. Departments include the following: • • • • •
Letters Viewpoint Biotechnology Update Vaccine Update Pharmacolnformatics
Preparing Your Manuscript for Submission Send all manuscripts to: Senior Editor Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 2215 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20037-2985 All pages-including title page, text, references, tables, and figures-must be typed double-spaced, left justified (ragged right), and printed letter-quality on one side of 8 ~ x II-inch white paper, in 10- or 12-point type. In preparing your manuscript, keep the format simple. Italics (not underline or boldface type), superscripts, and subscripts are acceptable, but special functions such as indents or automatic endnotes and reference numbering are not. These tools are not compatible with our production system and cause major problems.
Journal of the American Pbannaceutical Association
103
FEATURE
Guidelines for Authors
Authors must provide manuscripts on 3.5-inch diskettes, but only once the manuscript has been accepted. It is not necessary to send fIrst submissions or revisions on diskette. Microsoft Word 6.0 for Windows is the preferred format, but we can also use Microsoft Word 97, WordPerfect 5.0, or WordPerfect 5.1 for DOS (IBM). Six copies of the complete manuscript (including photocopies of illustrations) must be submitted, along with one set of original, camera-ready art. Retain copies of all materials submitted. The authors' names and affiliations should be included on the title pages of two copies and omitted from the four additional copies. If the manuscript reports results of a survey, attach a copy of the survey instrument to each copy of the paper. Each submission must contain the following components, in the order listed. Number pages consecutively, with the title page being page 1. Cover letter. The cover letter must identify the corresponding author, as well as that author's address, phone number, fax number, and e-mail address. It should summarize in several sentences the paper' s important points. It must (1) state that the paper is not under consideration by another publication; (2) identify the nature and extent of any author's fInancial interest or affiliation with any company, product, or service mentioned in the manuscript; and (3) include one of the following statements: In consideration of the American Pharmaceutical Association's reviewing and editing of this submission, the author(s) undersigned hereby transfer(s), assign(s), or otherwise convey(s) all copyright ownership to APhA in the event that this work is published by APhA. (or) I was an employee of the United States government when this work was investigated and prepared for publication; it is therefore not protected by the Copyright Act and there is no copyright that can be transferred. Title page. Include the paper' s title and identify all authors; their highest educational degrees, positions, and affiliations; sources of support for studies; and acknowledgments of other contributions. Again, the authors' names should be omitted from the title pages of the four additional copies Abstracts. All Research, Reviews, Experience, and Commentary articles should include abstracts of no more than 250 words. Provide a structured abstract with the following subheads for the types of articles shown: Research: Objective, Design, Setting, Patients or Other Participants , Intervention(s), Main Outcome Measure(s), Results, Conclusion. Reviews: Objective, Data Sources (include indexing terms used in computerized bibliographic searches), Study Selection (any criteria used to select studies from among all identified ones), Data Extraction (guidelines used by one or more investigators to extract information and assess data quality and validity), Data Synthesis (summary of contents of the article), Conclusion. Experience: Objective, Setting, Practice Description (Patient
104
Journal of the American Phannaceutical Association
Description for clinical case reports), Practice Innovation (Case Summary for clinical case reports), Main Outcome Measure(s), Results, Conclusion. Commentary: Objective, Data Sources (if applicable), Summary, Conclusion. Text. Repeat the article title on the first text page. Use subheads to introduce the article' s main sections. Research papers should be presented in this format: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. Do not use endnote functions in the text. In the text, refer to drugs by their generic names. To identify a particular brand-name product, place the trade name and manufacturer in parentheses after the generic name: generic name (Trade name-Manufacturer). Do not use trademark symbols. Footnotes. Avoid using footnotes in text. If they are absolutely necessary, use lower-case letters (a, b, c, etc.). References. JAPhA follows the reference style of the American Medical Association, with only slight modifIcations. Note the following exception to AMA style: If an article has one to four authors, list all authors' names; if more than four authors, list three followed by "et al." All references must be cited in the text and numbered sequentially in order of use. Periodicals are abbre· viated according to Index Medicus. Examples of reference styles follow. • For journal articles: 1. Allison MC, Howatson GA, Torrance CJ, et al. Gastrointestinal damage associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:749-54.
• For books: 2. Beauchamp T, Childress J. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press; 1983:225-7.
To prevent serious problems in electronic processing, do not use indent functions or functions that automatically renumber reference citations when they are moved in the text. Tables. Keep table formats simple. If possible, use the Microsoft Word table function; otherwise, separate table columns with single tabs (i.e., hit the tab key only once between items). Do not use hidden codes or special type commands in tables. Tables must be numbered and cited in the text. Tables should not simply repeat information included in the text, and the text should include only the most significant data or highlights of data provided in tables . All acronyms or abbreviations must be defined, all math totals must be correct, and all table columns must have headings. Place explanatory matter in the table's foot· notes, not in the heading. For footnotes in tables, use lower-case letters (a, b, c, etc.). Tables must be typed double-spaced, with no lines or rules. Tables must be designed to stand alone; that is, the table itself must contain all of the information needed to convey the intended meaning, without the need for the reader to refer to the text. It is strongly recommended that tables be reviewed by a col·
January/February 2000 Vol. 40, No.1
Guidelines for Authors
league for this "stand-alone" criterion. Figures, photographs, and illustrations. Figures must be numbered and cited in the text. Provide figures and illustrations as camera-ready art. Computer-generated art must be printed on a letter-quality printer; all plot points should be included. All blackand-white photographs should be 5 x 7-inch prints; all color photos should be submitted as transparencies, slides, or color prints, but no negatives should be submitted. Affix a label to the back of each photograph that identifies the author, the figure number, and the top of the figure; include a caption and credit line where appropriate. Permissions. Material taken from other sources must be accompanied by evidence that permission to use the material has been obtained from the publisher and the author.
Reference 1. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. N Eng/ J Med. 1997;336:309-15.
FEATURE
CHECKLIST-Have You: • Printed the manuscript in letter-quality 10- or 12-point type, double-spaced throughout, with each of the following components starting on a new page: cover letter; title page; abstract; text; footnotes; references; tables; figures, photographs, and illustrations (with captions, if necessary); and permissions? • Stated in your cover letter why the paper is important, affirmed that it is not under consideration by other publications, and revealed any financial or other conflicts of interest of the authors? • Provided six copies of the complete manuscript (including photocopies of figures), and one set of camera-ready art? • Included permission to use any material picked up from other sources? • Checked referenced text material for accuracy against the referenced articles, especially any quoted material? • Checked the reference list for accuracy and correct style? • Included all necessary information in the cover letter, including your fax number and E-mail address? • Kept copies of all materials you are submitting?
JAPhA
,
Journal of the American Phannaceutical Association Pearls for Publication: JAPhA Seeks Submissions The editors of JAPhA seek short "pearls" 100 to 300 words in length, on innovative ways pharmacists have solved clinical, practice, or business problems commonly encountered in practice. The goal is to provide readers with useful infonnation they can apply immediately in their practices. (For examples, please see the Clinical Pearl by Jennings and Romanelli on page 150 of the MarchiApril1999 JAPhA, and by Weitzel and Goode on page 842 of the NovemberlDecember 1999 issue.) All submissions will be peer reviewed by members of the Journal's Editorial Advisory Board. Authors must be identified, and submissions should be accompanied by the standard copyright-transferral statement and a frrst-publication assurance, as outlined in the Guidelines/or Authors. Submissions should be directed to Ron Teeter at APhA Headquarters, 2215 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037-2985.
Vol. 40, No.1
January/February 2000
Journal of the American Phannaceutical Association
105