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Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association
Journal of the
American Psychiatric Nurses Association Official Publication of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association
Editors Nikki S. Polis, RN, PhD Cleveland, OH
Grayce M. Sills, RN, PhD, FAAN Columbus, OH
Editorial Board Joan K. Austin, RN, DNS, FAAN Bloomington, IN
Dorothy Hill, RN, C Bangor, ME
Mary Ann Barbee, RN, MS Littleton, CO
Pamela S. Hyde, JD Phoenix, AZ Merrie J. Kaas, RN, CS, DNSc Continuing Education Minneapolis, MN
Carolyn V. Billings, RN, CS, MSN Professional Progress Notes Raleigh, NC Ann Marie T. Brooks, RN, DNSc, FAAN Interview Washington, DC Douglas Devoe Columbus, OH Rhetaugh G. Dumas, RN, PhD, FAAN Ann Arbor, MI Sue E. Estroff, PhD Chapel Hill, NC Carol A. Glod, RN, CS, PhD Boston, MA
Karlene M. Kerfoot, RN, CNAA, PhD, FAAN Indianapolis, IN Geoffry McEnany, RN, CS, PhD Psychobiology Perspectives Milton, MA Mary D. Moller, RN, ARNP, CS, MSN Nine Mile Falls, WA Anita Werner O’Toole, RN, CS, PhD, FAAN Kent, OH Luc R. Pelletier, RN, CS, CPHQ, MSN Washington, DC Sally Raphel, RN, CS, MS Baltimore, MD Mary Reres, RN, EdD, FAAN Malibu, CA
Judith Haber, APRN, CS, PhD, FAAN Policy and Politics Stamford, CT
Jane Ryan, RN, CNAA, MN Las Vegas, NV Bernadette Schell Marion, OH Carole Shea, RN, CS, PhD, FAAN Palos Verde, CA George Byron Smith, RN, C, CCM, MSN Tampa, FL Maureen Slade-Smith, RN, CS, MS Woodridge, IL Sandra Talley, RN, APRN, CS, PhD Psychopharmacology Issues New Haven, CT Nancy M. Valentine, RN, CNAA, PhD, MPH, FAAN Washington, DC Marilyn P. Verhey, RN, CS, PhD San Francisco, CA Mary Wilhite, RN, EdD Miami, NM Amy Wysoker, RN, CS, NPP, PhD Legal and Ethical Considerations Forest Hills, NY
American Psychiatric Nurses Association President Kathryn Puskar, RN, CS, MN, MPH, DrPH, FAAN Pittsburgh, PA President-Elect Barbara E. Wolfe, RN, CS, PhD, FAAN Boston, MA Immediate Past President Barbara Jones Warren, RN, CNS, CS, PhD Columbus, OH
Secretary Mary Johnson, RN, PhD Chicago, IL Treasurer John Dool, RN, MSN Richmond, VA Executive Director Jane White, RN, CS, DNSc APNA National Office 1555 Wilson Blvd. Suite 515 Arlington, VA 22209
Board Member at Large, Practice Carol Farley-Toombs, RN, CS, MS Rochester, NY Board Member at Large, Research Carolyn Cochrane, RN, CS, PhD Charleston, SC Board Member at Large, Membership Gretchen Sandvik, RN, BSN Rochester, NY Board Member at Large, Education Pat Brown, ARNP, PhD Palm City, FL
Publisher Nathania Sawyer Publisher Mosby, Inc. 6A APNA Web site: www.apna.org
Crissy McBee Production Editor II Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, MO Vol. 9, No. 2
American Psychiatric Nurses Association Official Publication of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association
Editors Nikki S. Polis, RN, PhD Cleveland, OH
Grayce M. Sills, RN, PhD, FAAN Columbus, OH
Editorial Board Joan K. Austin, RN, DNS, FAAN Bloomington, IN
Dorothy Hill, RN, C Bangor, ME
Mary Ann Barbee, RN, MS Littleton, CO
Pamela S. Hyde, JD Phoenix, AZ Merrie J. Kaas, RN, CS, DNSc Continuing Education Minneapolis, MN
Carolyn V. Billings, RN, CS, MSN Professional Progress Notes Raleigh, NC Ann Marie T. Brooks, RN, DNSc, FAAN Interview Washington, DC Douglas Devoe Columbus, OH Rhetaugh G. Dumas, RN, PhD, FAAN Ann Arbor, MI Sue E. Estroff, PhD Chapel Hill, NC Carol A. Glod, RN, CS, PhD Boston, MA
Karlene M. Kerfoot, RN, CNAA, PhD, FAAN Indianapolis, IN Geoffry McEnany, RN, CS, PhD Psychobiology Perspectives Milton, MA Mary D. Moller, RN, ARNP, CS, MSN Nine Mile Falls, WA Anita Werner O’Toole, RN, CS, PhD, FAAN Kent, OH Luc R. Pelletier, RN, CS, CPHQ, MSN Washington, DC Sally Raphel, RN, CS, MS Baltimore, MD Mary Reres, RN, EdD, FAAN Malibu, CA
Judith Haber, APRN, CS, PhD, FAAN Policy and Politics Stamford, CT
Jane Ryan, RN, CNAA, MN Las Vegas, NV Bernadette Schell Marion, OH Carole Shea, RN, CS, PhD, FAAN Palos Verde, CA George Byron Smith, RN, C, CCM, MSN Tampa, FL Maureen Slade-Smith, RN, CS, MS Woodridge, IL Sandra Talley, RN, APRN, CS, PhD Psychopharmacology Issues New Haven, CT Nancy M. Valentine, RN, CNAA, PhD, MPH, FAAN Washington, DC Marilyn P. Verhey, RN, CS, PhD San Francisco, CA Mary Wilhite, RN, EdD Miami, NM Amy Wysoker, RN, CS, NPP, PhD Legal and Ethical Considerations Forest Hills, NY
American Psychiatric Nurses Association President Kathryn Puskar, RN, CS, MN, MPH, DrPH, FAAN Pittsburgh, PA President-Elect Barbara E. Wolfe, RN, CS, PhD, FAAN Boston, MA Immediate Past President Barbara Jones Warren, RN, CNS, CS, PhD Columbus, OH
Secretary Mary Johnson, RN, PhD Chicago, IL Treasurer John Dool, RN, MSN Richmond, VA Executive Director Jane White, RN, CS, DNSc APNA National Office 1555 Wilson Blvd. Suite 515 Arlington, VA 22209
Board Member at Large, Practice Carol Farley-Toombs, RN, CS, MS Rochester, NY Board Member at Large, Research Carolyn Cochrane, RN, CS, PhD Charleston, SC Board Member at Large, Membership Gretchen Sandvik, RN, BSN Rochester, NY Board Member at Large, Education Pat Brown, ARNP, PhD Palm City, FL
Publisher Nathania Sawyer Publisher Mosby, Inc. 6A APNA Web site: www.apna.org
Crissy McBee Production Editor II Mosby, Inc., St. Louis, MO Vol. 9, No. 2