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Kakuto tunnel holed through
NEWS AND COMMENT
James Bay Hydro Scheme Nears Completion The La Grande Hydroelectric Complex in the J a m e s Bay region of northern Quebec is well on its way toward completion. Started in 1971, some 1200 k m of roads were required for acess to the isolated region and the various hydro sites. Phase I of the project consisted of three powerhouses and 215 dams and dykes. The powerhouse at La Grade 2 is the largest underground powerhouse in the world, and alone required 454,000 m s of underground excavation. The machine hall cavern is 483 m long, 45 m high and 22.4 m wide. Phase 2, now under construction, comprises five powerhouses and 125 dams and dykes. The La Grande 2A powerhouse was completed in 1992, and the La Grande 1, Laforge I and Brisay powerhouses are now in their f n a l stages of construction. The Laforge 2 powerhouse will be completed in 1996; construction on the sixth and last site, E a s t m a n 1, will be started when power demand w a r r a n t s it. The project will add nearly 16,000 MW to the Hydro Quebec system, at a total cost of approximately SCan20 billion. Of interest to the tunnelling industry are the huge quantities associated with the project. The dams and dykes required 177,000,000 m 8 of fill placement. If placed end to end, these structures would have a total length of 172 kin. Open-cut rock excavations for canals, portals and power sites required 35,420,000 mS; and underground excavations for diversion tunnels, outlet galleries, penstocks or powerhouse caverns required 4,633,000 m s. Tunnelling throughout the project added up to 29 k m in total length, and had dimensions as large as 15 m by 20 m. Except for penstocks and draft tubes, all other underground openings are unlined. ---(this article, by J e r r y Levay, is reprinted from TAC News)
.It's Official---the Channel Tunnel Is Open! On May 6, in Calais, France, the CbRnnel Tunnel was inaugurated by French President Francois Mitterrand and Queen Elizabeth, who hailed the $US15-billion undersea ]ink as a major stop forward for European unity. Standing on the French side of the 50-km tunnel, Mitterrand and Queen Elizabeth cut a red, white and blue ribbon of Calais lace held by two six-year-old local boys wearing tunnellers' hard hats and work clothes. Behind them, nose to nose, stood the sllek, silver-grey and orange Eurostar trains t h a t will begin service between Paris and London later this summer. "We now have a land frontier,"said Mitterrand, whhose father was a railway stationmaster. ~Here is proof that whenever Great Britain and France agree to work together and pool their immense h u m a n and material
Kakuto Tunnel Holed Through The Kakuto Tunnel on the Kyushu JukAn Expressway, under construction by the J a p a n Highway Public Corporation, was holed through on November 25, 1993---3 years and 11 months after construction began. Construction of Kakuto Tunnel was the most difficult aspect of the work on the 22.3-kin-long Hiteyoshi to Ebina section, the only remRining unfinished section of the expressway. The 6,213-m-long Kakuto Tunnel is the fourth-longest expressway tunnel in Japan, following the Kan'etsu "I~mnel (11.1 kin), Enasan Tunnel (8.6 km) and Higo Tunnel (6.3 kin). Because of the complex geological structure of the ground, which consisted of sandstone, slate, andesite with developed cracking, and weak tuff-breccia in disordered distribution, the construction work encountered extreme difficulties,
Tunnelling and U~ulergrou~ulSpaceTechnology, Vol, 9, No. 3, pp, 395-399, 1994 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain 0886-7798/94 $7.00 + .00
resources, they succeed in great things," he declared. Queen Elizabeth noted that ~this is the first time in history that the heads of state of France and Britain have been able toomeet each other without either of them having to travel by sea or air." Among those in attendance at the inauguration ceremony were former British permier Margaret Thatcher, who launched the project with Mitterand in 1986; and her successor, John Major. At the terminal, the Queen and Mitterand unveiled a plaque commemorating the building of the tunnel. After lunch, they rode in one of the tall metal boxcars that will shutttourists and their cars under the sea in 35 minutes.
including large water inflows, and cave-ins at 11 locations. The opening of the Hitoyoshi to Ebino section is awaited with great expectations because it will m a r k the completion of a through artery of national transportation, extending approximately 2,150 km from Aomori, at the northern end of Honshu, to Kagosha, at the souhern end of Kynshu. This highway artery is expected to activate the industry, culture, and economy of southern Kyushu; and to elevate the relative position of Kyushu as a whole. In addition, travel time from Fukuoka (Dazaifu Interchange) to Kagoshima will be approximately 3 hours; and to Miyazaki, 3 hours and 10 minutes. Thus, the northern and southern parts of Kyushu will be joined within the range of a single day-trip. --thanks to ITA National Correspondent Dr. G. Fukuchi, for contributing this item
Perg-mon 395
James Bay Hydro Scheme Nears Completion The La Grande Hydroelectric Complex in the J a m e s Bay region of northern Quebec is well on its way toward completion. Started in 1971, some 1200 k m of roads were required for acess to the isolated region and the various hydro sites. Phase I of the project consisted of three powerhouses and 215 dams and dykes. The powerhouse at La Grade 2 is the largest underground powerhouse in the world, and alone required 454,000 m s of underground excavation. The machine hall cavern is 483 m long, 45 m high and 22.4 m wide. Phase 2, now under construction, comprises five powerhouses and 125 dams and dykes. The La Grande 2A powerhouse was completed in 1992, and the La Grande 1, Laforge I and Brisay powerhouses are now in their f n a l stages of construction. The Laforge 2 powerhouse will be completed in 1996; construction on the sixth and last site, E a s t m a n 1, will be started when power demand w a r r a n t s it. The project will add nearly 16,000 MW to the Hydro Quebec system, at a total cost of approximately SCan20 billion. Of interest to the tunnelling industry are the huge quantities associated with the project. The dams and dykes required 177,000,000 m 8 of fill placement. If placed end to end, these structures would have a total length of 172 kin. Open-cut rock excavations for canals, portals and power sites required 35,420,000 mS; and underground excavations for diversion tunnels, outlet galleries, penstocks or powerhouse caverns required 4,633,000 m s. Tunnelling throughout the project added up to 29 k m in total length, and had dimensions as large as 15 m by 20 m. Except for penstocks and draft tubes, all other underground openings are unlined. ---(this article, by J e r r y Levay, is reprinted from TAC News)
.It's Official---the Channel Tunnel Is Open! On May 6, in Calais, France, the CbRnnel Tunnel was inaugurated by French President Francois Mitterrand and Queen Elizabeth, who hailed the $US15-billion undersea ]ink as a major stop forward for European unity. Standing on the French side of the 50-km tunnel, Mitterrand and Queen Elizabeth cut a red, white and blue ribbon of Calais lace held by two six-year-old local boys wearing tunnellers' hard hats and work clothes. Behind them, nose to nose, stood the sllek, silver-grey and orange Eurostar trains t h a t will begin service between Paris and London later this summer. "We now have a land frontier,"said Mitterrand, whhose father was a railway stationmaster. ~Here is proof that whenever Great Britain and France agree to work together and pool their immense h u m a n and material
Kakuto Tunnel Holed Through The Kakuto Tunnel on the Kyushu JukAn Expressway, under construction by the J a p a n Highway Public Corporation, was holed through on November 25, 1993---3 years and 11 months after construction began. Construction of Kakuto Tunnel was the most difficult aspect of the work on the 22.3-kin-long Hiteyoshi to Ebina section, the only remRining unfinished section of the expressway. The 6,213-m-long Kakuto Tunnel is the fourth-longest expressway tunnel in Japan, following the Kan'etsu "I~mnel (11.1 kin), Enasan Tunnel (8.6 km) and Higo Tunnel (6.3 kin). Because of the complex geological structure of the ground, which consisted of sandstone, slate, andesite with developed cracking, and weak tuff-breccia in disordered distribution, the construction work encountered extreme difficulties,
Tunnelling and U~ulergrou~ulSpaceTechnology, Vol, 9, No. 3, pp, 395-399, 1994 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain 0886-7798/94 $7.00 + .00
resources, they succeed in great things," he declared. Queen Elizabeth noted that ~this is the first time in history that the heads of state of France and Britain have been able toomeet each other without either of them having to travel by sea or air." Among those in attendance at the inauguration ceremony were former British permier Margaret Thatcher, who launched the project with Mitterand in 1986; and her successor, John Major. At the terminal, the Queen and Mitterand unveiled a plaque commemorating the building of the tunnel. After lunch, they rode in one of the tall metal boxcars that will shutttourists and their cars under the sea in 35 minutes.
including large water inflows, and cave-ins at 11 locations. The opening of the Hitoyoshi to Ebino section is awaited with great expectations because it will m a r k the completion of a through artery of national transportation, extending approximately 2,150 km from Aomori, at the northern end of Honshu, to Kagosha, at the souhern end of Kynshu. This highway artery is expected to activate the industry, culture, and economy of southern Kyushu; and to elevate the relative position of Kyushu as a whole. In addition, travel time from Fukuoka (Dazaifu Interchange) to Kagoshima will be approximately 3 hours; and to Miyazaki, 3 hours and 10 minutes. Thus, the northern and southern parts of Kyushu will be joined within the range of a single day-trip. --thanks to ITA National Correspondent Dr. G. Fukuchi, for contributing this item
Perg-mon 395