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Kitchen equipment
some ranges of maximum distances with respect to percent contrast or luminance ratio of a landolt ring to its background; (b) visible distance threshold increases with the increase of luminance of which field except with percent contrast of 100%, (c) dynamic acuity decreases with the increase of target speed under all conditions of luminance of target; (d) in night driving, readability for the road sign decreases with the increase of car speed at relative small luminance difference between the road sign and its surrounding field.
2.4.208 (57987)
of each transducer's circumaural cushions along the audible spectrum, a probe attached to a sound pressure level meter, was inserted in the external ear, both prior to wearing, and after headset was in place. These results indicated that the Navy ' N A F ' cushions were the most inferior in this respect, and was excelled by the TRACOR Company 'Octocup' and the Koss 'PRO-4A' cushion.
2.4.204 (57490) Tejmar, J. The driver in a city foreign to him (In German)
Hanoaka, T. Kitchen equipment
Japanese Journal of Ergonomics, 1967, 3.3, 1 75-180
Workspace layout and equipment design 2.4.206 (57978)
Kikuhara, S. and Tokuda, K. Man-machine problems in aircraft
Zeitschrift [fir Verkehrssicherheit, 1970, design Japanese Journal' of Ergonomics, ] 970, 16.4, 293-296 6.3, 119-123 Drivers not familiar with traffic regulations and directions within cities foreign to them experience growing difficulties to find a safe and quick way through, mainly due to poor marking of traffic situations relevant to them. The authors puts forward some recommendations intended to make signals and signs regulating the city-traffic clearly readable during the approach to them giving more time for necessary decisions of the driver.
Auditory displays 2.4.205 (57963)
Riehards, A.M. Consideration of some Hi-Fi earphones for submarine sonar
US Naval Submarine Medical Center, Naval Submarine Base, Groton, Connecticut, Memorandum Report No. 68-14, July 1968, 5pp In order to ascertain the optimal headset unit for sonar listening, standard procedures were used to obtain the frequency response characteristics of three Navy issue H-3/ARR-3 headsets, as well as six commercially available units Regarding the obtained functions, for overall sensitivity, the Koss 'Stereophones' were superior in that they responded with superior sound pressure level (SPL) readings for the 0.5 volt constant input. With respect to overall flatness of response, the Koss 'PRO-4A' phones were the superior unit. In contrast to these above headsets, the Navy H-3/ARR-3 units proved to be relatively insensitive in the most sensitive part of the audible spectrum, and exhibited unnecessary peaks between 3 - 8 kiloHertz (kHz). To determine the attentuation properties
In designing an aircraft as a manmachine combination, it is necessary to find the best compromise among various requirements, such as performance, reliability, economy, etc, which may conflict with each other. The problem is made increasingly difficult by requirements for interior aceomodations such as seat comfort, illumination, etc; protecting the crew from temperature and pressure change, and from noise; providing the aircraft with suitable automatic equipment to ease the work load and adaptability of the crew; and finally making the aircraft really pleasant to fly. From the standpoint of an aircraft designer it is highly desirable that for each requirement mentioned above suitable h u m a n engineering theories or data are furnished. Human engineering must be a joint consideration with aircraft engineering for a successful aircraft design.
The reports on the functional analysis of table-ware (cups, dishes and cutlery) are rather rare in Japan. Yokoyama et al. (1959) reported results on tea pot handles and Yanase et al. (1964) examined kettle handles from various view points of ergonomics. It is very important to know the actual hand size of the Japanese and extensive researches were carried out by Yanase et al (1962) and Uchimura et al (1967). The feeling test of the handle of a kitchen knife (Japanese style) was done by Suematsu et al (1967). On the ergonomic aspects of kitchen furniture, Omori (1964) and Inaba et al (1966) determined the height of kitchen work tables as 80cm for Japanese women from metabolic tests. Kurimasa et al (1967) insist that 80cm height is rather too low for Japanese women on the basis of experiments in which they employed such light work as dish-washing, while Omori and Inaba et al used rather heavy task-work in their metabolic research. 2.4.209 (57988)
Chiku, A. and Yoshida, T. Ergonomic studies on electric vacuum cleaners
Japanese Journal o f Ergonomics, 1967, 3.3, 181-188
2.4.207 (57985)
Kohara, J. Furniture
Japanese Journal of Ergonomics, 1967, 3.3, 214-219 A short history of h u m a n factors studies on furniture was reviewed. The author paid special attention to the design of seats, desks and beds. As a practical example, the revision of the Japanese Industrial Standard for school furniture based on an ergonomic group study can be cited. In the near future the dynamic somatometry, comprehensive examination of the furniture layout, application of feeling tests and studies on quantification of cushion characters and others should be promoted.
Room cleaning work by an electric vacuum cleaner was studied. Cleaning performance, respiration rate and pulse rate during cleaning work using various types of electric cleaners were compared. A cleaner with its motor part built in the wall showed the least cleaning load. Floor type or shoulder type cleaners were demonstrated to be less fatiguable than stick type or hand type cleaners. One hand control cleaner could be used with lower pulse rate level. The angle of the suction nozzle should be variable. A handle with an angle of 22.5 and height of around 7 5 0 m m was considered to be the best.
2.4.210 (57990)
Department of Employment and Productivity Safety in the use of woodworking machines
Department of Employmen t and Productivity, HMSO, London, 1970, ] 40pp; abstr, in Training Abstracts The physical characteristics of woodworking machines, the methods of operating them, and the wide range of work for which they are capable
Applied Ergonomics December 1971
245
2.4.208 (57987)
of each transducer's circumaural cushions along the audible spectrum, a probe attached to a sound pressure level meter, was inserted in the external ear, both prior to wearing, and after headset was in place. These results indicated that the Navy ' N A F ' cushions were the most inferior in this respect, and was excelled by the TRACOR Company 'Octocup' and the Koss 'PRO-4A' cushion.
2.4.204 (57490) Tejmar, J. The driver in a city foreign to him (In German)
Hanoaka, T. Kitchen equipment
Japanese Journal of Ergonomics, 1967, 3.3, 1 75-180
Workspace layout and equipment design 2.4.206 (57978)
Kikuhara, S. and Tokuda, K. Man-machine problems in aircraft
Zeitschrift [fir Verkehrssicherheit, 1970, design Japanese Journal' of Ergonomics, ] 970, 16.4, 293-296 6.3, 119-123 Drivers not familiar with traffic regulations and directions within cities foreign to them experience growing difficulties to find a safe and quick way through, mainly due to poor marking of traffic situations relevant to them. The authors puts forward some recommendations intended to make signals and signs regulating the city-traffic clearly readable during the approach to them giving more time for necessary decisions of the driver.
Auditory displays 2.4.205 (57963)
Riehards, A.M. Consideration of some Hi-Fi earphones for submarine sonar
US Naval Submarine Medical Center, Naval Submarine Base, Groton, Connecticut, Memorandum Report No. 68-14, July 1968, 5pp In order to ascertain the optimal headset unit for sonar listening, standard procedures were used to obtain the frequency response characteristics of three Navy issue H-3/ARR-3 headsets, as well as six commercially available units Regarding the obtained functions, for overall sensitivity, the Koss 'Stereophones' were superior in that they responded with superior sound pressure level (SPL) readings for the 0.5 volt constant input. With respect to overall flatness of response, the Koss 'PRO-4A' phones were the superior unit. In contrast to these above headsets, the Navy H-3/ARR-3 units proved to be relatively insensitive in the most sensitive part of the audible spectrum, and exhibited unnecessary peaks between 3 - 8 kiloHertz (kHz). To determine the attentuation properties
In designing an aircraft as a manmachine combination, it is necessary to find the best compromise among various requirements, such as performance, reliability, economy, etc, which may conflict with each other. The problem is made increasingly difficult by requirements for interior aceomodations such as seat comfort, illumination, etc; protecting the crew from temperature and pressure change, and from noise; providing the aircraft with suitable automatic equipment to ease the work load and adaptability of the crew; and finally making the aircraft really pleasant to fly. From the standpoint of an aircraft designer it is highly desirable that for each requirement mentioned above suitable h u m a n engineering theories or data are furnished. Human engineering must be a joint consideration with aircraft engineering for a successful aircraft design.
The reports on the functional analysis of table-ware (cups, dishes and cutlery) are rather rare in Japan. Yokoyama et al. (1959) reported results on tea pot handles and Yanase et al. (1964) examined kettle handles from various view points of ergonomics. It is very important to know the actual hand size of the Japanese and extensive researches were carried out by Yanase et al (1962) and Uchimura et al (1967). The feeling test of the handle of a kitchen knife (Japanese style) was done by Suematsu et al (1967). On the ergonomic aspects of kitchen furniture, Omori (1964) and Inaba et al (1966) determined the height of kitchen work tables as 80cm for Japanese women from metabolic tests. Kurimasa et al (1967) insist that 80cm height is rather too low for Japanese women on the basis of experiments in which they employed such light work as dish-washing, while Omori and Inaba et al used rather heavy task-work in their metabolic research. 2.4.209 (57988)
Chiku, A. and Yoshida, T. Ergonomic studies on electric vacuum cleaners
Japanese Journal o f Ergonomics, 1967, 3.3, 181-188
2.4.207 (57985)
Kohara, J. Furniture
Japanese Journal of Ergonomics, 1967, 3.3, 214-219 A short history of h u m a n factors studies on furniture was reviewed. The author paid special attention to the design of seats, desks and beds. As a practical example, the revision of the Japanese Industrial Standard for school furniture based on an ergonomic group study can be cited. In the near future the dynamic somatometry, comprehensive examination of the furniture layout, application of feeling tests and studies on quantification of cushion characters and others should be promoted.
Room cleaning work by an electric vacuum cleaner was studied. Cleaning performance, respiration rate and pulse rate during cleaning work using various types of electric cleaners were compared. A cleaner with its motor part built in the wall showed the least cleaning load. Floor type or shoulder type cleaners were demonstrated to be less fatiguable than stick type or hand type cleaners. One hand control cleaner could be used with lower pulse rate level. The angle of the suction nozzle should be variable. A handle with an angle of 22.5 and height of around 7 5 0 m m was considered to be the best.
2.4.210 (57990)
Department of Employment and Productivity Safety in the use of woodworking machines
Department of Employmen t and Productivity, HMSO, London, 1970, ] 40pp; abstr, in Training Abstracts The physical characteristics of woodworking machines, the methods of operating them, and the wide range of work for which they are capable
Applied Ergonomics December 1971
245