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KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles: Selected synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties
Materials Letters 196 (2017) 145–148
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mlblue
Featured Letter
KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles: Selected synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties Li-Na Hao a, Kun Liu a, Sheng Cheng a, Yang Wang a, Yun-Jun Xu b,⇑, Hai-Sheng Qian a,⇑ a b
School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China Department of Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, PR China
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 20 December 2016 Received in revised form 7 February 2017 Accepted 6 March 2017 Available online 7 March 2017 Keywords: Crystal growth Nanoparticles Magnetic materials Chemical synthesis
a b s t r a c t Ultrathin KMnF3 nanowires with several nanometers in diameter have been synthesized successfully by a high temperature organic solution method for the first time. The morphologies and size of the asprepared products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), respectively. Ultrathin KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles can be selectively synthesized by adjusting the amount of oleylamine. Moreover, the magnetic properties have been investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Magnetic hysteresis loops revealed that the as-prepared KMnF3 nanowires exhibit stronger paramagnetic performance than that of as-prepared nanoparticles. Ó 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction Nanostructures with controllable size and morphologies have gained scientific interest owing to their unique physical and chemical properties [1,2]. Inorganic Mn-containing compounds or nanostructures have been recognized as an important kind of efficient magnetic resonance contrast agents owing to their paramagnetic properties for ultrasensitive T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and anticancer drug releasing [3–5]. In the past two decades, much effort has been paid to fabricate various nanostructures of manganese oxides including MnO2 nanosheets [6,7], MnO nanoplates [8], MnO nanocrystals[9], Mn3O4 nanoparticles [10,11] and water-coordinated Mn(II) complex [12]. The fluoroperovskite KMnF3 nanostructures with excellent chemical ability and biocompatible properties have been fabricated and utilized as an excellent MRI contrast agent [3,13–15]. Recently, Sheng et al. demonstrated a simple hydrothermal process to synthesize microspheres and hollow microspheres of cubic KMnF3 [16]. Prof. Liu and his co-workers demonstrated an oil-based procedure to synthesize lanthanide-doped KMnF3 nanocrystals with single-band upconversion (UC) emissions from Er3+, Ho3+, and Tm3+ dopants, respectively [17]. Prof. Tang and his co-workers developed a facile one-pot synthetic process to fabricate water soluble PEGylated fluoroperovskite KMnF3 nanoparticles with high longitudinal ⇑ Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Y.-J. Xu), [email protected] (H.-S. Qian). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.03.030 0167-577X/Ó 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
relaxivity (r1 = 23.15 mM 1 s 1) [3]. To the best of our knowledge, synthesis of well-defined ultrathin nanowires of KMnF3 has not been achieved so far. In this letter, a high temperature organic solution process has been developed to synthesize KMnF3 nanostructures with tunable morphologies using manganese oleate as starting agent and 1-octadecene as solvent. In addition, oleylamine has been recognized as an efficient structuring direction agent, which plays an important role in formation of ultrathin nanowires of KMnF3. The morphologies evolution of the as-prepared samples obtained in presence of different amount of oleylamine were studied. 2. Experimental 2.1. Materials All chemicals are of analytic grade and used as received. Manganese (II) oleate was prepared according to the reported protocol [18]. 2.2. Sample preparation KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles can be selectively synthesized by adjusting the amount of oleylamine. In a typical synthetic protocol for KMnF3 nanowires, 4 mL oleic acid, 4 mL oleylamine, 12 mL 1-octadecene and 0.25 mmol manganese oleate was added into a 50 mL three-necked flask under vigorous stirring to form clear solution. The mixture was heated to 150 °C and kept it for
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Intensity (a.u.)
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20 min and cooled down to room temperature naturally. Subsequently, 6 mL methanol solution containing 1.8 mmol KF was added into the previous solution and aged at room temperature for 30 min. The mixed solution was heated to 70 °C and kept for 20 min to remove methanol and heated to 100 °C with magnetic stirring. Afterwards, the solution was heated to 290 °C under an argon atmosphere and kept for 60 min. And then, the reaction was cooled to room temperature. The product was collected by centrifugation and washed with cyclohexane and ethanol for three times.
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2Theta (degree) Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the as-prepared product obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate, 4 mL oleic acid, 4 mL oleylamine and 1.8 mmol KF at 290 °C for 60 min.
2.3. Measurements The morphology of the as-prepared products were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) performed on JEM2100F (JEOL, Japan). The phase of the as-prepared nanowires and nanoparticles were characterized and recorded on a X’Pert PRO MPD X-ray diffractometer (PANalytical B.V., Holland) using graphite monochromatized Cu Ka radiation at 40 kV and 40 mA. Xray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were recorded on an ESCALab
Fig. 2. (a, b) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of the as-prepared sample obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate, 4 mL oleic acid, 4 mL oleylamine and 1.8 mmol KF at 290 °C for 60 min. (c–f) Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and elemental mapping images of the as-prepared KMnF3 nanowires; respectively. (e) The energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) of the as-prepared KMnF3 nanowires. In Fig. 2c–f, all the scale bars represent 200 nm.
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250Xi X-ray photocatalysts-electron spectrometer (Thermo-VG Scientific, American). The magnetic properties for the samples in a powder form were carried out using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM, LakeShore, USA). 3. Results and discussion Fig. 1 show X-ray diffraction pattern of the as-obtained product obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate and 1.8 mmol KF in presence of 4 mL oleylamine at 290 °C, in which all the diffraction peaks can be indexed to cubic phase of KMnF3 with a cell constant of a = b = c = 4.189 Å (JCPDS card No. 17-116) [19]. In addition, the diffraction intensity for the (2 0 0) plane becomes stronger compared to the bulk material as shown in standard card (JCPDS No. 17-116); illustrating the preferential growth orientation for the as-prepared product. Fig. 2a shows the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the as- prepared product obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate, 1.8 mmol KF and 4 mL oleylamine at 290 °C; which is consisted of nanowires with several micrometers in length and 7 nm in diameter. A high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image in Fig. 2b show lattice spacing of 2.1 Å, which is perpendicular to the axial direction, correspond to the (1 0 0) or (0 1 0) lattice planes of cubic KMnF3 nanowires, which demonstrates that the nanowires grew along the axial direction. Fig. 2d–f show the elemental mapping images for elements including F, Mn and K in nanowires have been clearly observed; which demonstrate that the nanowires were composed of the elements including F, Mn and K. As shown in Fig. 2g, the energy dispersive X- ray analysis testified the co-existence of F, Mn and K in the as-prepared nanowires, and the calculated chemical composition has been shown in Table S1 (in the supporting information). Xray photoelectron spectra (XPS) has been used to study the chemical composition of the nanowires; which is consistent with the results of EDX and elemental mapping (Fig. S1, in the supporting
147
information). Based on the above analysis, the KMnF3 nanowires have been fabricated successfully for the first time. In this work, the amount of oleylamine plays an important role in fabrication of KMnF3 nanowires. The morphologies of the as-prepared samples obtained in presence of different volume of oleylamine were investigated by TEM. As shown in Fig. 3a, the as-prepared sample obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate and 1.8 mmol KF in presence of 3 mL oleylamine at 290 °C for 60 min was consisted of uniform nanowires and nanoplates. When the volume of the oleylamine was increased to 5 mL, small nanoparticles have also been observed, and no nanowires have been observed when the amount of oleylamine was increased to 6 mL, as demonstrated in Fig. 3c. Fig. 3d shows the HRTEM image of a crystalline KMnF3 nanocube with 8 nm in side length. The XRD pattern of the nanoparticles has been shown in Fig. S2 (in
Fig. 4. Magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops of KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles at room temperature.
Fig. 3. TEM images of as-prepared samples obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate, 4 mL oleic acid, and 1.8 mmol KF at 290 °C for 60 min by adding different amount of oleylamine: (a) 3 mL; (b) 5 mL; (c, d) 6 mL.
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the supporting information), all the peaks are also indexed to the cubic phase of KMnF3 and consistent with the as-prepared nanowires. The XPS and EDX analysis for the as-prepared nanoparticles have been carried out and shown in Figs. S3, S4 and Table S2 (in the supporting information) Thus, the morphologies of the products can be greatly influenced by the amount of oleylamine. Moreover, KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles can be selectively prepared by adding different amount of oleylamine. Magnetic hysteresis loops of the as-prepared KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles have been investigated and have been shown in Fig. 4. The KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles also exhibit paramagnetic performance at room temperature (Fig. 4), which is in good agreement with the bulk materials [4]. It is commonly recognized that the physical properties of the nanostructures have relation with their morphologies, surface condition, and strains and other important factors. The nanowires of KMnF3 show a stronger paramagnetic performance than that of nanoparticles, indicating that the possible magnetic phase should correspond to a collinear phase. 4. Conclusion In summary, a high temperature organic solution method has been developed to synthesize ultrathin KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles by adjusting different amount of oleylamine. The ultrathin nanowires of KMnF3 are monodisperse and with several nanometers in diameter and several micrometers in length. Furthermore, the as-prepared KMnF3 nanowires show stronger paramagnetic performance than that of nanoparticles at the room temperature. The ultrafine as-prepared nanowires and nanoparticles of KMnF3 will be of great importance to potential applications in magnetic resonance imaging, tumor targeting and et al. Acknowledgements H.S. Qian acknowledgement the financial supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.
21471043, 31501576). L.N. Hao and K. Liu contributed to this work equally. Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.03. 030. Reference [1] C. Wang, Z.X. Huang, Mater. Lett. 164 (2016) 194–197. [2] X. Zheng, Y. Jiao, F. Chai, F.Y. Qua, Ahmad Umar, X. Wua, Mater. Lett. 457 (2015) 345–352. [3] X.X. Song, H.P. Wan, J.S. Zhang, Q. Tang, J. Nanopart. Res. 16 (2014) 2722–2730. [4] Z.J. Liu, X.X. Song, Q. Tang, Nanoscale 5 (2013) 5073–5079. [5] Z.H. Zhao, X.M. Wang, Z.J. Zhang, H. Zhang, H.Y. Liu, X.L. Zhu, H. Li, X.Q. Chi, Z.Y. Yin, J.H. Gao, ACS Nano 3 (2015) 2749–2759. [6] Z.L. Zhao, H.H. Fan, G.F. Zhou, H.R. Bai, H. Liang, R.W. Wang, X.B. Zhang, W.H. Tan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 (2014) 11220–11223. [7] Y. Chen, D.L. Ye, M.Y. Wu, H.R. Chen, L.L. Zhang, J.L. Shi, L.Z. Wang, Adv. Mater. 26 (2014) 7019–7026. [8] M. Park, N. Lee, S.H. Choi, K. An, S.H. Yu, J.H. Kim, S.H. Kwon, D. Kim, H. Kim, S-Il Baek, T.Y. Ahn, O.K. Park, J.S. Son, Y.E. Sung, Y.W. Kim, Z.W. Wang, N. Pinna, T. Hyeon, Chem. Mater. 23 (2011) 3318–3324. [9] Y. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Li, Y.D. Su, Y. Liu, Y.J. Xu, L. Dong, H.L. Gao, J. Lin, N. Man, P.F. Wei, W.P. Xu, S.H. Yu, L.P. Wen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 (2013) 1534–1546. [10] H. Yang, Y.M. Zhuang, H. Hu, X.X. Du, C.X. Zhang, X.Y. Shi, H.X. Wu, S.P. Yang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 (2010) 1733–1741. [11] X. Ding, J.H. Liu, J.Q. Li, F. Wang, Y.H. Wang, S.Y. Song, H.J. Zhang, Chem. Sci. 7 (2016) 6695–6700. [12] B. Phukan, A.B. Patelb, C. Mukherjee, Dalton Trans. 44 (2015) 12990–12994. [13] X.X. Song, X.Z. Xu, H.P. Wan, Q. Tang, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 55003–55009. [14] X.X. Song, Z.J. Liu, X.Z. Xu, Q. Tang, New J. Chem. 8 (2014) 3813–3818. [15] Z.J. Liu, X.X. Song, X.Z. Xu, Q. Tang, Nanotechnology 25 (2014) 155101–155109. [16] J. Sheng, K.B. Tang, D. Su, S.Y. Zeng, Y.X. Qi, H.G. Zheng, J. Fluorine Chem. 130 (2009) 742–748. [17] J. Wang, F. Wang, C. Wang, Z. Liu, X.G. Liu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 (2011) 10369–10372. [18] H.B. Na, J.H. Lee, K. An, Y. Il Park, I.S. Lee, D.H. Nam, S.T. Kim, S.H. Kim, S.W. Kim, K.H. Lim, K.S. Kim, S.O. Kim, T. Hyeon, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 (2007) 5397– 5401. [19] L.H. Lu, H.S. Wang, H.J. Zhang, S.Q. Xi, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 266 (2003) 115– 119.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mlblue
Featured Letter
KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles: Selected synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties Li-Na Hao a, Kun Liu a, Sheng Cheng a, Yang Wang a, Yun-Jun Xu b,⇑, Hai-Sheng Qian a,⇑ a b
School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China Department of Radiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, PR China
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 20 December 2016 Received in revised form 7 February 2017 Accepted 6 March 2017 Available online 7 March 2017 Keywords: Crystal growth Nanoparticles Magnetic materials Chemical synthesis
a b s t r a c t Ultrathin KMnF3 nanowires with several nanometers in diameter have been synthesized successfully by a high temperature organic solution method for the first time. The morphologies and size of the asprepared products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), respectively. Ultrathin KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles can be selectively synthesized by adjusting the amount of oleylamine. Moreover, the magnetic properties have been investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Magnetic hysteresis loops revealed that the as-prepared KMnF3 nanowires exhibit stronger paramagnetic performance than that of as-prepared nanoparticles. Ó 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction Nanostructures with controllable size and morphologies have gained scientific interest owing to their unique physical and chemical properties [1,2]. Inorganic Mn-containing compounds or nanostructures have been recognized as an important kind of efficient magnetic resonance contrast agents owing to their paramagnetic properties for ultrasensitive T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and anticancer drug releasing [3–5]. In the past two decades, much effort has been paid to fabricate various nanostructures of manganese oxides including MnO2 nanosheets [6,7], MnO nanoplates [8], MnO nanocrystals[9], Mn3O4 nanoparticles [10,11] and water-coordinated Mn(II) complex [12]. The fluoroperovskite KMnF3 nanostructures with excellent chemical ability and biocompatible properties have been fabricated and utilized as an excellent MRI contrast agent [3,13–15]. Recently, Sheng et al. demonstrated a simple hydrothermal process to synthesize microspheres and hollow microspheres of cubic KMnF3 [16]. Prof. Liu and his co-workers demonstrated an oil-based procedure to synthesize lanthanide-doped KMnF3 nanocrystals with single-band upconversion (UC) emissions from Er3+, Ho3+, and Tm3+ dopants, respectively [17]. Prof. Tang and his co-workers developed a facile one-pot synthetic process to fabricate water soluble PEGylated fluoroperovskite KMnF3 nanoparticles with high longitudinal ⇑ Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Y.-J. Xu), [email protected] (H.-S. Qian). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.03.030 0167-577X/Ó 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
relaxivity (r1 = 23.15 mM 1 s 1) [3]. To the best of our knowledge, synthesis of well-defined ultrathin nanowires of KMnF3 has not been achieved so far. In this letter, a high temperature organic solution process has been developed to synthesize KMnF3 nanostructures with tunable morphologies using manganese oleate as starting agent and 1-octadecene as solvent. In addition, oleylamine has been recognized as an efficient structuring direction agent, which plays an important role in formation of ultrathin nanowires of KMnF3. The morphologies evolution of the as-prepared samples obtained in presence of different amount of oleylamine were studied. 2. Experimental 2.1. Materials All chemicals are of analytic grade and used as received. Manganese (II) oleate was prepared according to the reported protocol [18]. 2.2. Sample preparation KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles can be selectively synthesized by adjusting the amount of oleylamine. In a typical synthetic protocol for KMnF3 nanowires, 4 mL oleic acid, 4 mL oleylamine, 12 mL 1-octadecene and 0.25 mmol manganese oleate was added into a 50 mL three-necked flask under vigorous stirring to form clear solution. The mixture was heated to 150 °C and kept it for
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L.-N. Hao et al. / Materials Letters 196 (2017) 145–148
Intensity (a.u.)
110
20 min and cooled down to room temperature naturally. Subsequently, 6 mL methanol solution containing 1.8 mmol KF was added into the previous solution and aged at room temperature for 30 min. The mixed solution was heated to 70 °C and kept for 20 min to remove methanol and heated to 100 °C with magnetic stirring. Afterwards, the solution was heated to 290 °C under an argon atmosphere and kept for 60 min. And then, the reaction was cooled to room temperature. The product was collected by centrifugation and washed with cyclohexane and ethanol for three times.
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2Theta (degree) Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the as-prepared product obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate, 4 mL oleic acid, 4 mL oleylamine and 1.8 mmol KF at 290 °C for 60 min.
2.3. Measurements The morphology of the as-prepared products were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) performed on JEM2100F (JEOL, Japan). The phase of the as-prepared nanowires and nanoparticles were characterized and recorded on a X’Pert PRO MPD X-ray diffractometer (PANalytical B.V., Holland) using graphite monochromatized Cu Ka radiation at 40 kV and 40 mA. Xray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were recorded on an ESCALab
Fig. 2. (a, b) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of the as-prepared sample obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate, 4 mL oleic acid, 4 mL oleylamine and 1.8 mmol KF at 290 °C for 60 min. (c–f) Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and elemental mapping images of the as-prepared KMnF3 nanowires; respectively. (e) The energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) of the as-prepared KMnF3 nanowires. In Fig. 2c–f, all the scale bars represent 200 nm.
L.-N. Hao et al. / Materials Letters 196 (2017) 145–148
250Xi X-ray photocatalysts-electron spectrometer (Thermo-VG Scientific, American). The magnetic properties for the samples in a powder form were carried out using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM, LakeShore, USA). 3. Results and discussion Fig. 1 show X-ray diffraction pattern of the as-obtained product obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate and 1.8 mmol KF in presence of 4 mL oleylamine at 290 °C, in which all the diffraction peaks can be indexed to cubic phase of KMnF3 with a cell constant of a = b = c = 4.189 Å (JCPDS card No. 17-116) [19]. In addition, the diffraction intensity for the (2 0 0) plane becomes stronger compared to the bulk material as shown in standard card (JCPDS No. 17-116); illustrating the preferential growth orientation for the as-prepared product. Fig. 2a shows the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the as- prepared product obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate, 1.8 mmol KF and 4 mL oleylamine at 290 °C; which is consisted of nanowires with several micrometers in length and 7 nm in diameter. A high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image in Fig. 2b show lattice spacing of 2.1 Å, which is perpendicular to the axial direction, correspond to the (1 0 0) or (0 1 0) lattice planes of cubic KMnF3 nanowires, which demonstrates that the nanowires grew along the axial direction. Fig. 2d–f show the elemental mapping images for elements including F, Mn and K in nanowires have been clearly observed; which demonstrate that the nanowires were composed of the elements including F, Mn and K. As shown in Fig. 2g, the energy dispersive X- ray analysis testified the co-existence of F, Mn and K in the as-prepared nanowires, and the calculated chemical composition has been shown in Table S1 (in the supporting information). Xray photoelectron spectra (XPS) has been used to study the chemical composition of the nanowires; which is consistent with the results of EDX and elemental mapping (Fig. S1, in the supporting
147
information). Based on the above analysis, the KMnF3 nanowires have been fabricated successfully for the first time. In this work, the amount of oleylamine plays an important role in fabrication of KMnF3 nanowires. The morphologies of the as-prepared samples obtained in presence of different volume of oleylamine were investigated by TEM. As shown in Fig. 3a, the as-prepared sample obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate and 1.8 mmol KF in presence of 3 mL oleylamine at 290 °C for 60 min was consisted of uniform nanowires and nanoplates. When the volume of the oleylamine was increased to 5 mL, small nanoparticles have also been observed, and no nanowires have been observed when the amount of oleylamine was increased to 6 mL, as demonstrated in Fig. 3c. Fig. 3d shows the HRTEM image of a crystalline KMnF3 nanocube with 8 nm in side length. The XRD pattern of the nanoparticles has been shown in Fig. S2 (in
Fig. 4. Magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops of KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles at room temperature.
Fig. 3. TEM images of as-prepared samples obtained from 0.25 mmol manganese oleate, 4 mL oleic acid, and 1.8 mmol KF at 290 °C for 60 min by adding different amount of oleylamine: (a) 3 mL; (b) 5 mL; (c, d) 6 mL.
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the supporting information), all the peaks are also indexed to the cubic phase of KMnF3 and consistent with the as-prepared nanowires. The XPS and EDX analysis for the as-prepared nanoparticles have been carried out and shown in Figs. S3, S4 and Table S2 (in the supporting information) Thus, the morphologies of the products can be greatly influenced by the amount of oleylamine. Moreover, KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles can be selectively prepared by adding different amount of oleylamine. Magnetic hysteresis loops of the as-prepared KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles have been investigated and have been shown in Fig. 4. The KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles also exhibit paramagnetic performance at room temperature (Fig. 4), which is in good agreement with the bulk materials [4]. It is commonly recognized that the physical properties of the nanostructures have relation with their morphologies, surface condition, and strains and other important factors. The nanowires of KMnF3 show a stronger paramagnetic performance than that of nanoparticles, indicating that the possible magnetic phase should correspond to a collinear phase. 4. Conclusion In summary, a high temperature organic solution method has been developed to synthesize ultrathin KMnF3 nanowires and nanoparticles by adjusting different amount of oleylamine. The ultrathin nanowires of KMnF3 are monodisperse and with several nanometers in diameter and several micrometers in length. Furthermore, the as-prepared KMnF3 nanowires show stronger paramagnetic performance than that of nanoparticles at the room temperature. The ultrafine as-prepared nanowires and nanoparticles of KMnF3 will be of great importance to potential applications in magnetic resonance imaging, tumor targeting and et al. Acknowledgements H.S. Qian acknowledgement the financial supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.
21471043, 31501576). L.N. Hao and K. Liu contributed to this work equally. Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.03. 030. Reference [1] C. Wang, Z.X. Huang, Mater. Lett. 164 (2016) 194–197. [2] X. Zheng, Y. Jiao, F. Chai, F.Y. Qua, Ahmad Umar, X. Wua, Mater. Lett. 457 (2015) 345–352. [3] X.X. Song, H.P. Wan, J.S. Zhang, Q. Tang, J. Nanopart. Res. 16 (2014) 2722–2730. [4] Z.J. Liu, X.X. Song, Q. Tang, Nanoscale 5 (2013) 5073–5079. [5] Z.H. Zhao, X.M. Wang, Z.J. Zhang, H. Zhang, H.Y. Liu, X.L. Zhu, H. Li, X.Q. Chi, Z.Y. Yin, J.H. Gao, ACS Nano 3 (2015) 2749–2759. [6] Z.L. Zhao, H.H. Fan, G.F. Zhou, H.R. Bai, H. Liang, R.W. Wang, X.B. Zhang, W.H. Tan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 (2014) 11220–11223. [7] Y. Chen, D.L. Ye, M.Y. Wu, H.R. Chen, L.L. Zhang, J.L. Shi, L.Z. Wang, Adv. Mater. 26 (2014) 7019–7026. [8] M. Park, N. Lee, S.H. Choi, K. An, S.H. Yu, J.H. Kim, S.H. Kwon, D. Kim, H. Kim, S-Il Baek, T.Y. Ahn, O.K. Park, J.S. Son, Y.E. Sung, Y.W. Kim, Z.W. Wang, N. Pinna, T. Hyeon, Chem. Mater. 23 (2011) 3318–3324. [9] Y. Lu, L. Zhang, J. Li, Y.D. Su, Y. Liu, Y.J. Xu, L. Dong, H.L. Gao, J. Lin, N. Man, P.F. Wei, W.P. Xu, S.H. Yu, L.P. Wen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 (2013) 1534–1546. [10] H. Yang, Y.M. Zhuang, H. Hu, X.X. Du, C.X. Zhang, X.Y. Shi, H.X. Wu, S.P. Yang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 (2010) 1733–1741. [11] X. Ding, J.H. Liu, J.Q. Li, F. Wang, Y.H. Wang, S.Y. Song, H.J. Zhang, Chem. Sci. 7 (2016) 6695–6700. [12] B. Phukan, A.B. Patelb, C. Mukherjee, Dalton Trans. 44 (2015) 12990–12994. [13] X.X. Song, X.Z. Xu, H.P. Wan, Q. Tang, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 55003–55009. [14] X.X. Song, Z.J. Liu, X.Z. Xu, Q. Tang, New J. Chem. 8 (2014) 3813–3818. [15] Z.J. Liu, X.X. Song, X.Z. Xu, Q. Tang, Nanotechnology 25 (2014) 155101–155109. [16] J. Sheng, K.B. Tang, D. Su, S.Y. Zeng, Y.X. Qi, H.G. Zheng, J. Fluorine Chem. 130 (2009) 742–748. [17] J. Wang, F. Wang, C. Wang, Z. Liu, X.G. Liu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 (2011) 10369–10372. [18] H.B. Na, J.H. Lee, K. An, Y. Il Park, I.S. Lee, D.H. Nam, S.T. Kim, S.H. Kim, S.W. Kim, K.H. Lim, K.S. Kim, S.O. Kim, T. Hyeon, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 (2007) 5397– 5401. [19] L.H. Lu, H.S. Wang, H.J. Zhang, S.Q. Xi, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 266 (2003) 115– 119.