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Knockdown of dorsomedial hypothalamic NPY gene expression prevents hyperphagia and obesity of OLETF rats lacking CCK1 receptors.
ARTICLE IN PRESS Abstracts / Appetite 49 (2007) 272–341
Increasing the protein content of a beverage reduces subsequent intake at the next meal E.J. BERTENSHAWa, A. LLUCHb,
M.R. YEOMANSb. aUniversity of Sussex, Brighton, UK. Danone Research, RD 128, 91767 Palaiseau Cedex, France
b
Protein is widely considered to be more satiating than carbohydrate. However, it is unclear whether this rule applies equally to drinks as solid foods. Discrepancies in the literature may indicate a critical level of protein (PRO) is required in drinks, to obtain differences in appetite between CHO and PRO. In this repeated measures, cross-over design study, 28 lean male volunteers (18–35 yr) ate a standard breakfast in the laboratory and 210 min later consumed one of four preloads 30 min prior to an ad libitum pasta meal. Three of the preloads were isocaloric (278 kcal) mixed composition dairy fruit drinks (300 g) of low (12.5% energy PRO/87% energy CHO), medium (25% energy PRO/75% energy CHO) and high (50% energy PRO/50% energy CHO) protein content. The control drink was a low energy (78 kcal) alternative (12.3% energy PRO/84.3% energy CHO). ANOVA linear contrasts indicated a dose-response effect of preload protein level on intake (g) at the ad libitum meal (F(1, 24) =16.15, po0.001). Subsequent intake in each condition was: control (637.5739.7 g), low (596.9740.5 g), medium (546.9734.7 g), and high protein (533.6742.3 g). Participants did not compensate fully at lunch for the additional energy in the test drinks, however, in the high PRO condition alone, total energy intake was not significantly different from the control condition. There were no differences in ratings of hunger and fullness across conditions. Our findings support the view that increasing the protein composition of beverages could be of interest to prevent short-term positive energy balance. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.033
Knockdown of dorsomedial hypothalamic NPY gene expression prevents hyperphagia and obesity of OLETF rats lacking CCK1 receptors S. BI, K.A. SCOTT, K.L. TAMASHIRO, J. HYUN,
T.H. MORAN. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats lacking CCK1 receptors are hyperphagic and obese. We have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression is elevated in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) of OLETF rats and have suggested that the absence of CCK1 receptors leads to this overexpression of DMH NPY as a major contributor to the hyperphagia and obesity. To assess this hypothesis, we generated a vector of adeno-associated virus-mediated RNA interference with a short hairpin RNA for knocking down NPY gene expression and delivered this recombinant vector into the DMH
279
bilaterally in 4-week-old OLETF rats. We found that knockdown of NPY gene expression in the DMH significantly decreased food intake and body weight of OLETF rats. Glucose tolerance test revealed that OLETF rats had an increase in blood glucose levels and became glucose intolerance with a delayed glucose clearance following a gavage administration of glucose as compared to lean LETO controls. Knockdown of NPY gene expression in the DMH ameliorated such alterations of OLETF rats. At sacrifice, knockdown of NPY gene expression in the DMH significantly reduced epididymal, subcutaneous and brown fat mass of OLETF rats. Together, these data demonstrated an etiological role for NPY gene overexpression in the DMH in the hyperphagia and obesity of OLETF rats. (Supported by DK057609 and DK074269. OLETF and LETO rats were a generous gift of Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Japan.) 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.034
Body image satisfaction among intercollegiate female athletes using a scale of muscularity K. BLACKER, R. DRAKE, A. REED,
J. ALMEIDA, B. RAUDENBUSH. Department of Psychology, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV, USA In recent years it has become more apparent that disordered eating and unrealistic concepts of attractiveness have created a major problem in women, especially young adult female athletes. The present study administed a variety of body image, dieting, and eating-oriented questionnaires to 61 female intercollegiate athletes. Track/Field, Soccer, Basketball, Cheerleading, Softball, and Volleyball were represented. Questionnaires included a pictorial body image scale that varied in terms of muscularity, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ), and a food neophobic/neophilic scale (FNS). Female athletes in all sports chose an ‘‘IDEAL’’ figure which was less muscular than their ‘‘CURRENT’’ figure. Soccer players had the lowest body dissatisfaction and volleyball players had the highest. Among the EDI sub-scales, there was a significant difference between Track and Field and Basketball on the scale of Bulimina, with Track and Field being highest and Basketball being lowest. There was a trend in Perfectionism between Cheerleading being the lowest and Track and Field being the highest. In addition, there was a significant correlation between 6 of the 8 EDI sub-scales and body dissatisfaction. Drive for thinness, interceptive awareness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, and maturity fears were all correlated with levels of body dissatisfaction. These results further support the need for intervention and education concerning promoting realistic body expectations among female athletes. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.035
Increasing the protein content of a beverage reduces subsequent intake at the next meal E.J. BERTENSHAWa, A. LLUCHb,
M.R. YEOMANSb. aUniversity of Sussex, Brighton, UK. Danone Research, RD 128, 91767 Palaiseau Cedex, France
b
Protein is widely considered to be more satiating than carbohydrate. However, it is unclear whether this rule applies equally to drinks as solid foods. Discrepancies in the literature may indicate a critical level of protein (PRO) is required in drinks, to obtain differences in appetite between CHO and PRO. In this repeated measures, cross-over design study, 28 lean male volunteers (18–35 yr) ate a standard breakfast in the laboratory and 210 min later consumed one of four preloads 30 min prior to an ad libitum pasta meal. Three of the preloads were isocaloric (278 kcal) mixed composition dairy fruit drinks (300 g) of low (12.5% energy PRO/87% energy CHO), medium (25% energy PRO/75% energy CHO) and high (50% energy PRO/50% energy CHO) protein content. The control drink was a low energy (78 kcal) alternative (12.3% energy PRO/84.3% energy CHO). ANOVA linear contrasts indicated a dose-response effect of preload protein level on intake (g) at the ad libitum meal (F(1, 24) =16.15, po0.001). Subsequent intake in each condition was: control (637.5739.7 g), low (596.9740.5 g), medium (546.9734.7 g), and high protein (533.6742.3 g). Participants did not compensate fully at lunch for the additional energy in the test drinks, however, in the high PRO condition alone, total energy intake was not significantly different from the control condition. There were no differences in ratings of hunger and fullness across conditions. Our findings support the view that increasing the protein composition of beverages could be of interest to prevent short-term positive energy balance. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.033
Knockdown of dorsomedial hypothalamic NPY gene expression prevents hyperphagia and obesity of OLETF rats lacking CCK1 receptors S. BI, K.A. SCOTT, K.L. TAMASHIRO, J. HYUN,
T.H. MORAN. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats lacking CCK1 receptors are hyperphagic and obese. We have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression is elevated in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) of OLETF rats and have suggested that the absence of CCK1 receptors leads to this overexpression of DMH NPY as a major contributor to the hyperphagia and obesity. To assess this hypothesis, we generated a vector of adeno-associated virus-mediated RNA interference with a short hairpin RNA for knocking down NPY gene expression and delivered this recombinant vector into the DMH
279
bilaterally in 4-week-old OLETF rats. We found that knockdown of NPY gene expression in the DMH significantly decreased food intake and body weight of OLETF rats. Glucose tolerance test revealed that OLETF rats had an increase in blood glucose levels and became glucose intolerance with a delayed glucose clearance following a gavage administration of glucose as compared to lean LETO controls. Knockdown of NPY gene expression in the DMH ameliorated such alterations of OLETF rats. At sacrifice, knockdown of NPY gene expression in the DMH significantly reduced epididymal, subcutaneous and brown fat mass of OLETF rats. Together, these data demonstrated an etiological role for NPY gene overexpression in the DMH in the hyperphagia and obesity of OLETF rats. (Supported by DK057609 and DK074269. OLETF and LETO rats were a generous gift of Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Japan.) 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.034
Body image satisfaction among intercollegiate female athletes using a scale of muscularity K. BLACKER, R. DRAKE, A. REED,
J. ALMEIDA, B. RAUDENBUSH. Department of Psychology, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV, USA In recent years it has become more apparent that disordered eating and unrealistic concepts of attractiveness have created a major problem in women, especially young adult female athletes. The present study administed a variety of body image, dieting, and eating-oriented questionnaires to 61 female intercollegiate athletes. Track/Field, Soccer, Basketball, Cheerleading, Softball, and Volleyball were represented. Questionnaires included a pictorial body image scale that varied in terms of muscularity, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ), and a food neophobic/neophilic scale (FNS). Female athletes in all sports chose an ‘‘IDEAL’’ figure which was less muscular than their ‘‘CURRENT’’ figure. Soccer players had the lowest body dissatisfaction and volleyball players had the highest. Among the EDI sub-scales, there was a significant difference between Track and Field and Basketball on the scale of Bulimina, with Track and Field being highest and Basketball being lowest. There was a trend in Perfectionism between Cheerleading being the lowest and Track and Field being the highest. In addition, there was a significant correlation between 6 of the 8 EDI sub-scales and body dissatisfaction. Drive for thinness, interceptive awareness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, and maturity fears were all correlated with levels of body dissatisfaction. These results further support the need for intervention and education concerning promoting realistic body expectations among female athletes. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.035