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L0016 Heart rate variability during sleep associated with sleep cyclic alternating pattern rate in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
S102
2nd WASM World Congress, Bangkok, 4–8 February 2007 / Sleep Medicine 8 Suppl. 1 (2007) S69–S114
of maturation of sleep EEG across puberty period. Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep has shown changes in post-puberty period, and it maybe associated with a tendency to be followed by developmental dysregulation conditions in REM sleep. The aim of this study was to evaluate the REM sleep in early and late puberty. Methods: 20 healthy children were subdivided by Tanner Scales in early puberty and late puberty groups (mean ages were, respectively, 10.0±0.9 and 14.4±1.0 years). They underwent polysomnograms after adaptation night. The REM sleep EEG analyses were calculated by conventional criteria and FFT analyses in C3-A2 derivation across all night were calculated in 4s windows. The number of biphasic REM was counted. Results: We found differences in EEG activities during REM sleep between two groups (U-test, p < 0.05). The delta 2 and theta activity were higher in early puberty group (by U-test respectively: p = 0.02 and p = 0.04). The results for Spearman Correlation test with p < 0.05: Alfa and S1 (r = −0.44), Delta and S1 (r = −0.46), delta and Wake Time after sleep onset (r = −0.48), Sigma and S1 (r = −0.43), Theta and SWS (r = 0.45). There were no significant differences between groups in the number and index of rapid eye movements. Conclusion: There are changes in REM EEG sleep across puberty that may reflect a developmental function marker of this period of life. The phasic ocular movements seem unchanged during healthy puberty.
Methods: Investigation was conducted on cats (n = 5) with metallic electrodes for EEG registration lasting 12 hr daily in both baseline and experiments. PS latency, incidence and total time was studied in baseline, under intraperitoneal injection of alpha-adrenoblocker, obzidane (OB, 5mg/kg), MAO inhibitor, nialamide (N, 10 mg/kg), and concomitant administration of OB+N. Findings were treated with Students t-test. Results: It appeared that b adrenoreceptors inactivation by OB shortens PS latency and increases PS incidence and total time. Under influence of MAO inhibitor PS latency sharply increases, completely depresses PS incidence and total time during four post-injection days. At the pace of OB+N concomitant administration PS latency increases insignificantly in comparison of baseline, but with regard of N effects it shortens sharply. During OB+N action, PS incidence and total time, in comparison to the effects of N isolated influence, increases significantly. Conclusions: In conditions when brain 5-HT system works normally, but b adrenergic system is antagonized by OB, cholinergic mechanisms, triggering PS, are working intensively and this phase is triggered earlier than in baseline. Excess of adrenaline and 5-HT (under N action) makes PS appearance impossible for a long time. In the case, when the increasing of adrenergic and 5-HT-ergic neuromodulation is preceded by antagonizing of alpha-adrenoreceptors PS develops normally, despite the excess of 5-HT concentration in the brain. All of these indicate on the preferential role of alpha-adrenergic system in the permissive mechanisms of PS.
L0016 Heart rate variability during sleep associated with sleep cyclic alternating pattern rate in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis M.C. Lopes, S. Roizenblatt, C. Passarelli, D. Poyares, S. Tuf´ık. Department of Psychobiology – EPM-UNIFESP – S˜ao Paulo, Brazil
L0020 Changes in blood glucose level and sleep disturbances in these conditions E. Chijavadze, M. Babilodze, E. Chkhartishvili, O. Mchedlidze, N. Nachkebia. Dept. of Neurobiology of Sleep–Wakefulness Cycle, I. Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, Georgia
Introduction: According to Ferri et al. in 2000, the CAP events have been associated with sympathetic activation in healthy young adults. The aim of this study was an investigation of the heart rate variability during sleep associated with CAP rate analysis and with subtypes of CAP events in children and adolescents with AIJ. Methods: 12 young (9−17 years) individuals with JIA were compared with age, Tanner stage and gender matched controls. After one night habituation, polysomnograms with blind scoring were performed, with addition of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) and heart rate variability analyses. Results: JIA patients presented sleep disruption with an increase in short awakenings. CAP analyses showed sleep instability by Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.01) in patients versus controls that were expressed by CAP rate in NREM sleep (respectively: 66.3±2.9% vs 52.0±7.1%), and by an increase in CAP rate in slow wave sleep (93.6±6.3 % vs. 81.5±14.8 %). The CAP rate was positively correlated with low HRV during SWS (r2 = 0.45; p < 0.05). CAP subtypes analyses were significantly different between patients compared to controls: A1 (62.4±9.1% vs. 73.1±2.3%), CAP subtype A2 (24.6±4.7% vs. 16.3±2.3%), and CAP subtype A3 (13.2%±7.2 vs. 5.5±2.4%). The index of CAP subtype A2 was positively correlated with SDNN and NN50, respectively: r2 = 0.62 and r2 = 0.44 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: CAP in NREM sleep associated with sleep heart rate variability analyses can be a useful tool to detected sleep abnormalities in pediatric patients with chronic pain. Supported by AFIP.
L0017 Additional evidence concerning the role of brain adrenergic system in the regulation of paradoxical sleep N. Nachkebia, E. Chkhartishvili, A. Nachkebia, E. Chijavadze, M. Babilodze, S. Dzadzamia. Dept. of Neurobiology of Sleep–Wakefulness Cycle, I. Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, Georgia Introduction: In novel models of sleep regulation the silence in discharging of adrenergic and 5-HT-ergic neurons is considered as permissive mechanisms for PS triggering. Excess in concentration of these neuromodulators prevents PS appearance. We were interested in determining which of these neuromodulator systems are more essential for PS regulation.
Introduction: Glucose is a major source of energetic supply for the brain. It is known that the metabolism level changes in different phases of sleep– waking cycle (SWC). In this respect study of an influence of artificially induced hyper- and hypoglycemia on SWC should be considered highly interesting. Methods: The work was made in adult Wistar rats. Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of glucose or protamine sulphate and hypoglycemia – by humulin L. Level of blood glucose (BG) was measured in control conditions and on the background of above drugs’ administration, once in every 3 hours throughout a day. The EEG recordings of SWC continued 12 hours following a drug administration. Results: Hyperglycemia prolonged total duration of the paradoxical sleep (PS) and decreased light slow wave sleep, while the amount of waking and deep slow wave sleep (DSWS), within 12 hr SWC, not changed. Analysis of daily SWC has shown that the highest content of PS during hyperglycemia occurred twice. These “2 peaks” coincided with increased levels of BG. In the other periods of SWC, distribution of the SWC phases was even. During hyperglycemia the number of attempts of PS onsets increased significantly and coincided with maximal concentration of BG. The SWC of hypoglycemic animals did not differ significantly from that of normoglycemic animals. The latency of first PS in hyperglycemic animals was significantly attenuated, while in hypoglycemic animals duration of first PS latency did not change significantly. Hyperglycemia induced increase in the number of separate EEG awakenings significantly decreased during DSWS and did not occur in PS altogether. Conclusion: The results obtained certify that alteration of BG level influences SWC in general, and PS in particular; this may be due to altered excitability of CNS and first of all to increased excitability of the W system.
2nd WASM World Congress, Bangkok, 4–8 February 2007 / Sleep Medicine 8 Suppl. 1 (2007) S69–S114
of maturation of sleep EEG across puberty period. Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep has shown changes in post-puberty period, and it maybe associated with a tendency to be followed by developmental dysregulation conditions in REM sleep. The aim of this study was to evaluate the REM sleep in early and late puberty. Methods: 20 healthy children were subdivided by Tanner Scales in early puberty and late puberty groups (mean ages were, respectively, 10.0±0.9 and 14.4±1.0 years). They underwent polysomnograms after adaptation night. The REM sleep EEG analyses were calculated by conventional criteria and FFT analyses in C3-A2 derivation across all night were calculated in 4s windows. The number of biphasic REM was counted. Results: We found differences in EEG activities during REM sleep between two groups (U-test, p < 0.05). The delta 2 and theta activity were higher in early puberty group (by U-test respectively: p = 0.02 and p = 0.04). The results for Spearman Correlation test with p < 0.05: Alfa and S1 (r = −0.44), Delta and S1 (r = −0.46), delta and Wake Time after sleep onset (r = −0.48), Sigma and S1 (r = −0.43), Theta and SWS (r = 0.45). There were no significant differences between groups in the number and index of rapid eye movements. Conclusion: There are changes in REM EEG sleep across puberty that may reflect a developmental function marker of this period of life. The phasic ocular movements seem unchanged during healthy puberty.
Methods: Investigation was conducted on cats (n = 5) with metallic electrodes for EEG registration lasting 12 hr daily in both baseline and experiments. PS latency, incidence and total time was studied in baseline, under intraperitoneal injection of alpha-adrenoblocker, obzidane (OB, 5mg/kg), MAO inhibitor, nialamide (N, 10 mg/kg), and concomitant administration of OB+N. Findings were treated with Students t-test. Results: It appeared that b adrenoreceptors inactivation by OB shortens PS latency and increases PS incidence and total time. Under influence of MAO inhibitor PS latency sharply increases, completely depresses PS incidence and total time during four post-injection days. At the pace of OB+N concomitant administration PS latency increases insignificantly in comparison of baseline, but with regard of N effects it shortens sharply. During OB+N action, PS incidence and total time, in comparison to the effects of N isolated influence, increases significantly. Conclusions: In conditions when brain 5-HT system works normally, but b adrenergic system is antagonized by OB, cholinergic mechanisms, triggering PS, are working intensively and this phase is triggered earlier than in baseline. Excess of adrenaline and 5-HT (under N action) makes PS appearance impossible for a long time. In the case, when the increasing of adrenergic and 5-HT-ergic neuromodulation is preceded by antagonizing of alpha-adrenoreceptors PS develops normally, despite the excess of 5-HT concentration in the brain. All of these indicate on the preferential role of alpha-adrenergic system in the permissive mechanisms of PS.
L0016 Heart rate variability during sleep associated with sleep cyclic alternating pattern rate in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis M.C. Lopes, S. Roizenblatt, C. Passarelli, D. Poyares, S. Tuf´ık. Department of Psychobiology – EPM-UNIFESP – S˜ao Paulo, Brazil
L0020 Changes in blood glucose level and sleep disturbances in these conditions E. Chijavadze, M. Babilodze, E. Chkhartishvili, O. Mchedlidze, N. Nachkebia. Dept. of Neurobiology of Sleep–Wakefulness Cycle, I. Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, Georgia
Introduction: According to Ferri et al. in 2000, the CAP events have been associated with sympathetic activation in healthy young adults. The aim of this study was an investigation of the heart rate variability during sleep associated with CAP rate analysis and with subtypes of CAP events in children and adolescents with AIJ. Methods: 12 young (9−17 years) individuals with JIA were compared with age, Tanner stage and gender matched controls. After one night habituation, polysomnograms with blind scoring were performed, with addition of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) and heart rate variability analyses. Results: JIA patients presented sleep disruption with an increase in short awakenings. CAP analyses showed sleep instability by Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.01) in patients versus controls that were expressed by CAP rate in NREM sleep (respectively: 66.3±2.9% vs 52.0±7.1%), and by an increase in CAP rate in slow wave sleep (93.6±6.3 % vs. 81.5±14.8 %). The CAP rate was positively correlated with low HRV during SWS (r2 = 0.45; p < 0.05). CAP subtypes analyses were significantly different between patients compared to controls: A1 (62.4±9.1% vs. 73.1±2.3%), CAP subtype A2 (24.6±4.7% vs. 16.3±2.3%), and CAP subtype A3 (13.2%±7.2 vs. 5.5±2.4%). The index of CAP subtype A2 was positively correlated with SDNN and NN50, respectively: r2 = 0.62 and r2 = 0.44 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: CAP in NREM sleep associated with sleep heart rate variability analyses can be a useful tool to detected sleep abnormalities in pediatric patients with chronic pain. Supported by AFIP.
L0017 Additional evidence concerning the role of brain adrenergic system in the regulation of paradoxical sleep N. Nachkebia, E. Chkhartishvili, A. Nachkebia, E. Chijavadze, M. Babilodze, S. Dzadzamia. Dept. of Neurobiology of Sleep–Wakefulness Cycle, I. Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, Georgia Introduction: In novel models of sleep regulation the silence in discharging of adrenergic and 5-HT-ergic neurons is considered as permissive mechanisms for PS triggering. Excess in concentration of these neuromodulators prevents PS appearance. We were interested in determining which of these neuromodulator systems are more essential for PS regulation.
Introduction: Glucose is a major source of energetic supply for the brain. It is known that the metabolism level changes in different phases of sleep– waking cycle (SWC). In this respect study of an influence of artificially induced hyper- and hypoglycemia on SWC should be considered highly interesting. Methods: The work was made in adult Wistar rats. Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of glucose or protamine sulphate and hypoglycemia – by humulin L. Level of blood glucose (BG) was measured in control conditions and on the background of above drugs’ administration, once in every 3 hours throughout a day. The EEG recordings of SWC continued 12 hours following a drug administration. Results: Hyperglycemia prolonged total duration of the paradoxical sleep (PS) and decreased light slow wave sleep, while the amount of waking and deep slow wave sleep (DSWS), within 12 hr SWC, not changed. Analysis of daily SWC has shown that the highest content of PS during hyperglycemia occurred twice. These “2 peaks” coincided with increased levels of BG. In the other periods of SWC, distribution of the SWC phases was even. During hyperglycemia the number of attempts of PS onsets increased significantly and coincided with maximal concentration of BG. The SWC of hypoglycemic animals did not differ significantly from that of normoglycemic animals. The latency of first PS in hyperglycemic animals was significantly attenuated, while in hypoglycemic animals duration of first PS latency did not change significantly. Hyperglycemia induced increase in the number of separate EEG awakenings significantly decreased during DSWS and did not occur in PS altogether. Conclusion: The results obtained certify that alteration of BG level influences SWC in general, and PS in particular; this may be due to altered excitability of CNS and first of all to increased excitability of the W system.