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Lacrimal dysfunction in hemispheric cerebrovascular disease. A study with periotron
238 pontine urine storage center) and the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (mieturition inhibitory region) of decerebrate cats. Injection of Baclofen (12.5 mM, 0.2 I~1) or Inaperisone (100 mM, 0.2 I~1) into the nucleus locus subeoeruleus produced a significant decrease of the voided volume and an increase of residual volume and bladder capacity on reflex micturition. Injection of Baclofen into the locus coeruleus or of Oxybutynin (100 mM, 0.2 I~1) into the locus subcoeruleus tended to decrease the voided volume and to increase the residual volume and bladder capacity on reflex micturition. However, there was no change in reflex mieturition after injection of Baclofen into the nucleus reticularis pontis or of Inaperisone or Oxybutynin into the locus coeruleus alpha or the nucleus reticularis oralis. These results suggest that these three pharmacological agents for the treatment of pollakisuria act by inhibiting the micturition reflex also in the locus subcoeruleus, which is the pontine urine storage site. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 28: 513-521, 1991)
Lacrimal Dysfunction in Hemispheric Cerebrovascular Disease. A Study with Periotron Naotoshi Tamura, Kunio Shimazu, Toshimasa Yamamoto, Yoshihiko Nakazato and Katsuhiko Hamaguchi
Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical School, Saitama 350-04, Japan The secretory system of lacrimal glands is divided into basic.secretors and reflex secretors, and the latter are under the control of parasympathetic fibers. Therefore the measurement of the tear volume in the lacrimal reflex provides a useful assessment of the function of the parasympathetic system in patients. In 51 patients with hemispheric cerebrovascular disease we measured the volume of lacrimal secretion over a period of weeks ('tear volume') with a resistance-measuring device (Periotron, Harco Electronics). During the first three days after the onset of a stroke, the retained tear volume, which represents mainly the basic secretion, was normal in both eyes, whereas the stimulated reflex tear volume was significantly smaller in the eye of the hemiplegic side than in the contralateral eye or in the eye of controls. Subsequently, both the retained and the reflex tear volumes increased and peaked 8-14 days after onset. However, the adjusted reflex tear volume (reflex tearvolume minus retained tear volume) showed a longlasting reduction in both eyes. These results indicate that basic tear secretion is enhanced and reflex tear secretion is reduced in hemispheric cerebrovascular
disease, suggesting that the lacrimal parasympathetic function is compromised in this disease. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 28: 522-528, 1991)
Plasma Total and Free Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine. Response to Treadmill Exercise Fumio Miyagawa, Manabu Kamegai* and Masahiro Murayama*
Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113, and *Second Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan Plasma catecholamine levels were evaluated in 12 younger (20-22 years) and 8 older (44-46 years) trained men, during treadmill exercise (50% of maximal 0 2 consumption). Norpinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations at rest were similar in the younger [T(total)-NE: 1.07 _-. 0.31 ng/ml; F(free)-NE: 0.17 0.07 ng/ml; T-E: 0.14 - 0.08 ng/ml; F-E: 20.8 ± 12.4 pg/ml] and the older group (T-NE: 1.07 - 0.24 ng/ml; F-NE: 0.23 - 0.04 ng/ml; T-E: 0.19 ± 0.15 ng/ml; F-E: 23.3 ± 13.3 pg/ml). In contrast, dopamine (DA) concentration was at a significantly higher level in the older (TDA: 4.46 ± 0.98 ng/ml; F-DA: 10.2 ± 1.6 pg/ml) than in the younger group (T-DA: 3.24 ± 0.67 ng/ml; F-DA: 6.0 + 2.8 pg/ml) . The F-NEfI'-NE*100 and F-E/TE*100 values were similar in the younger (NE: 15.6 ± 4.3%; E: 16.1 ± 9.2%) and the older group (NE: 21.9 ± 8.3%; E: 16.1 ± 9.2%) at rest, while the F-DA/TDA.100 value was low in both groups (younger: 0.17 ± 0.03%; older: 0.24 ± 0.05%) compared with norepinephrine and epinephrine. Immediately after the treadmill exercise there was a significant increase in norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in both groups. The effect was more marked in free catecholamines than in total catecholamines, but there was a recovery within 5 to 20 min after the exercise. In contrast, the total dopamine concentration was unchanged, whereas the free dopamine concentration was significantly increased 20 rain after the exercise. Subjects with a high F-ETI'-E value showed a smaller increase in free epinephrine concentration after the exercise. These findings suggest that treadmill exercise produces a reduction in sympathoadrenergic function. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 28: 529-536, 1991)
Lacrimal Dysfunction in Hemispheric Cerebrovascular Disease. A Study with Periotron Naotoshi Tamura, Kunio Shimazu, Toshimasa Yamamoto, Yoshihiko Nakazato and Katsuhiko Hamaguchi
Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical School, Saitama 350-04, Japan The secretory system of lacrimal glands is divided into basic.secretors and reflex secretors, and the latter are under the control of parasympathetic fibers. Therefore the measurement of the tear volume in the lacrimal reflex provides a useful assessment of the function of the parasympathetic system in patients. In 51 patients with hemispheric cerebrovascular disease we measured the volume of lacrimal secretion over a period of weeks ('tear volume') with a resistance-measuring device (Periotron, Harco Electronics). During the first three days after the onset of a stroke, the retained tear volume, which represents mainly the basic secretion, was normal in both eyes, whereas the stimulated reflex tear volume was significantly smaller in the eye of the hemiplegic side than in the contralateral eye or in the eye of controls. Subsequently, both the retained and the reflex tear volumes increased and peaked 8-14 days after onset. However, the adjusted reflex tear volume (reflex tearvolume minus retained tear volume) showed a longlasting reduction in both eyes. These results indicate that basic tear secretion is enhanced and reflex tear secretion is reduced in hemispheric cerebrovascular
disease, suggesting that the lacrimal parasympathetic function is compromised in this disease. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 28: 522-528, 1991)
Plasma Total and Free Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine. Response to Treadmill Exercise Fumio Miyagawa, Manabu Kamegai* and Masahiro Murayama*
Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113, and *Second Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan Plasma catecholamine levels were evaluated in 12 younger (20-22 years) and 8 older (44-46 years) trained men, during treadmill exercise (50% of maximal 0 2 consumption). Norpinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations at rest were similar in the younger [T(total)-NE: 1.07 _-. 0.31 ng/ml; F(free)-NE: 0.17 0.07 ng/ml; T-E: 0.14 - 0.08 ng/ml; F-E: 20.8 ± 12.4 pg/ml] and the older group (T-NE: 1.07 - 0.24 ng/ml; F-NE: 0.23 - 0.04 ng/ml; T-E: 0.19 ± 0.15 ng/ml; F-E: 23.3 ± 13.3 pg/ml). In contrast, dopamine (DA) concentration was at a significantly higher level in the older (TDA: 4.46 ± 0.98 ng/ml; F-DA: 10.2 ± 1.6 pg/ml) than in the younger group (T-DA: 3.24 ± 0.67 ng/ml; F-DA: 6.0 + 2.8 pg/ml) . The F-NEfI'-NE*100 and F-E/TE*100 values were similar in the younger (NE: 15.6 ± 4.3%; E: 16.1 ± 9.2%) and the older group (NE: 21.9 ± 8.3%; E: 16.1 ± 9.2%) at rest, while the F-DA/TDA.100 value was low in both groups (younger: 0.17 ± 0.03%; older: 0.24 ± 0.05%) compared with norepinephrine and epinephrine. Immediately after the treadmill exercise there was a significant increase in norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in both groups. The effect was more marked in free catecholamines than in total catecholamines, but there was a recovery within 5 to 20 min after the exercise. In contrast, the total dopamine concentration was unchanged, whereas the free dopamine concentration was significantly increased 20 rain after the exercise. Subjects with a high F-ETI'-E value showed a smaller increase in free epinephrine concentration after the exercise. These findings suggest that treadmill exercise produces a reduction in sympathoadrenergic function. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 28: 529-536, 1991)