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Laminate
Clay mineral having laminated aluminium silicate layers and containing water on and between the layers, is contacted with a polymerizable organic monomer which adsorbs on and intercalates between the aluminium silicate layers. The mixture is then treated with a silane to promote polymerization of the monomer.
Secondary matrix reinforcement using carbon microfibers Sorensen, l.W. and Kiwak, R,S. (The Bendix Corporation, Southfield` MI, USA) USPat4472 541 (18 September 1984) Carbon microfibres are randomly dispersed in the resin of a composite of resin and continuous fibre reinforcement The diameter of the microfibres is significantly smaller than that of the continous fibres.
Composite materials Drake, C.F. and Jones, II (Standard Telephone and Cables plc, New York, NY. USA) US Pat4 473 545 (25 September 1984) Biologically active material can be released at a controlled rate in the digestive system of a ruminant from a carrier body comprising insoluble polymer and a particulate phosphate glass, which dissolves at a controlled rate.
Flexibilized flame retardant B-staged epoxy resin prepregs and composite laminates made therefrom Thomas, W.ll, Hickman IlL F.E. and Knight. F.J. (Westinghouse Electric Corp, Pittsburgh. PA, USA) US Pat 4 477 512 (16 October 1984) A brominated epoxy resin (or a nonhalogenated epoxy and a bromine or phenolic hydroxyl-containing flame retardant), an epoxidized oil and a phenolic novolak curing agent are used to impregnate cellulosic paper or non-woven glass fibres.
Laminate Koga K (Mutsui Petrochemical Industries Lid, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 477 513 (16 October 1984) A thermoplastic resin is sandwiched between two outer metal layers, at least one of which has a filament-wound, fibre-reinforced resin laminated to it
Reinforced rubber composition containing coal Sperley. llJ. (Uniroyal Inc, New York NY, USA) US Pat4 477 611 (16 October 1984) This composite is a mixture of a sulphurvulcanizable rubber, 5-3() phr of ground coal of mesh size >25 and metallic reinforcing wire.
Lignin reinforced synthetic rubber Compacted sheet molding compound Hogerman, E.M. and Mitchell H.A. (General Motors Corporation` Detroit. Ml, USA) US Pat 4 474 845 (2 October 1984) In an article moulded from short glass fibre SMC, the tensile strength is increased and surface defects decreased if the SMC is first passed through rollers to break apart and uniformly disperse the glass fibre bundles.
Fiber-reinforced hydraulically setting materials G e n b a T., Mizobe, A. and OkazakL M. (Kuraray Co Ltd, Kurashiki. Japan) US Pat 4 474 907 (2 October 1984) Concrete is reinforced with 0.1-4 w¢'/o polyvinyl alcohol fibres of length 3-8 mm and aspect ratio 20(I-800. The fibres have an oxidized polyethylene on their surfaces.
Arylene sulfide composites containing calcium sulfate Dix, J . S . (Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, OK. USA) US" Pat 4 474 921 ~2 October 1984) This composition is given as polyarylcne sulphide, glass fibre reinforcement and calcium sulphate.
Filled poly (arylene sulfide) compositions Blackwell, J.P. (Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, OK, USA) US" Pat 4 474 922 (2 October 1984) This high melt-flow polymer composition contains uncured polyarylene sulphide having a melt flow o f > 100 g min -], about 10-60 wt% of a reinforcing agent and sufficient alkaline earth metal sulphate to increase the melt flow of the composition.
Base metal material
composite
electrical
contact
Bader, F.E. and Green M.L. (AT&T Bell Laboratories. Murray Hill, NJ, USA) US Pat 4 475 983 (9 October 1984) A base-metal matrix is reinforced with 1-50 volume % hard, electrically conductive particles, 0.1-100 /.tm in diameter. The composite is treated on at least one surface to remove the metal matrix and leave particles projecting above the matrix surface.
COMPOSITES. OCTOBER 1985
Boutsicaris` S.P. (The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, OH, USA) US Pat4 477 612 (16 October 1984) An acrylamide-containing rubber is reintorced with 5-100 phr lignin.
Metal fiber reinforced bioglass composites Ducheyne, P.LR. and Hench, H.- L. ( University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA) US Pat4 478 904 (23 October 1984) A skeletal mass of metal fibre~ 10-80 wt %, are embedded in a matrix of bioglass so that pores formed in the mass are filled with bioglass.
Cellulosic board Helgesson. G., Mansson, B. and Wallin, N.-H. (AB Casco, Stockholm, Sweden) US Pat 4 478 966 (23 October 1984) First, wood chips, sawdust or shavings are mixed with a liquid containing urea to give 0.2-2 wt % urea in the mixture. Then a ureaformaldehyde glue is added after the urea has penetrated the particles; the resulting material being shaped and consolidated.
Cementitious composite material with stainless steel particulate filler Satkowskk J.A. et al (Research One Limited Partnership, Towson. MD. USA} US Pat4 482 385 (13 November 1984) This composite has irregularly shaped stainless steel particles in a matrix of Portland cement
Spot-weldable lightweight composite material Matsumoto, Y.. Shinozaki. M. and Die, T. (Kawasaki Steel Corporation. Kobc. Japan) US Pat 4 482 600 (13 November 1984) In this composite a mixture of resin and graphite is held between two metal sheets. The thickness of the intermediate layer is equal to or greater than the sum of the thickness of the metal sheets.
Composites of sulfur and crystalline phosphate fibers Hinkebein, J.A. ( Monsanto Con'tpany. St Louis` MO, USA) US Pat 4 484 950 (27 November 1984) Elemental sulphur is reinlorced with phosphate fibres -- acicular calcium rectaphosphate, abestiform calcium sodium phosphate or asbestiform calcium lithium phosphate.
Chemically modified asphalts and glass fibers treated therewith Upner. W.E. and White, ILN. (Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation, Toledo, OH, USA) US Pat 4 485 144 (27 November 1984) Asphalt-coated glass fibre rcinlorcing material is laminated to form a membrane. The coating is the reaction product of asphalt a vinyl aromatic monomer and a thermoplastic rubber v.,rhich is a styrene-butadiene copolymer of the A- B type.
Reaction inhibited-silicon carbide fiber reinforced high temperature glass-ceramic composites Brennan` J.J.. Chyung K. and Taylor, MP. (United Technologies Corporation. flartford, CT. USA) US Pat 4 485 179 (27 November 1984) Silicon carbide fibres, having a reactioninhibiting diffusion barrier coating of niobium carbMe and/or tantalum carbide, arc used m an amount of 15-7(I volume % to reinforce a specified glass matrix. The composite can be used at temperatures greater than 1(10(1 (',
Radiation curable multifilament composite Levy, N. and Patel. P.D. (AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA) US Pat 4 479 984 (30 October 1984) Filaments are coated with a liquid resin which is radiation cured. The resin contains DGEBA diacrylate, a urethane and specified diluents.
Mica-resin composite material Hoda, S.N. and Olszewski, A l l (Coming Glass Works, C o m i n g NY, USA) US Pat 4 480 060 (30 October 1984) An ion-exchanged synthetic mica material is flocculated, converted to particulate form and mixed with organic resin: the mixture is then dispersed in solvent, dried and pressed at elevated temperature and pressure.
Novel reinforcing additive and method of reinforcing thermoplastic polymer therewith Godlewski, ILK and Osterholtz, F.D. (Union Carbide Corporation, Danbury, CT, USA) US Pat 4 481 322 (6 November 1984) An organic resin containing at least two unsaturated groups is reinforced with an inorganic filler.
PROCESSES Fabrication of composite metal wire Kawai, K.. Kancko, Y., Abe. K.. Matsuo. H., Kishi. Y., Miyake, Y. and Malsuyaina. ~. (Hitachi Cable Ltd. Tokyo..lafmn) US Put4 438 155 (20 March 1984) A hard metal core is aligned, polished and cleaned, then preheated tinder it conMant Iov,, tension of 5-50'!,., of its bte~tking tension, introduced into an extruder and a soft cladding metal extruded around the core with the Iov. tension maintained.
Method of manufacturing a composite reinforcing structure Hawley, llC. (Polymer Cnmpositcs Ill,.', Winona, M N, USA) US Pat 4 439 387 (2 7 March 1984) Fluid thermoplastic resin is extruded through a stationary die having an open central passage and lobes projecting into the passage to form a convoluted path. Reinforcing fibre strands are
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Secondary matrix reinforcement using carbon microfibers Sorensen, l.W. and Kiwak, R,S. (The Bendix Corporation, Southfield` MI, USA) USPat4472 541 (18 September 1984) Carbon microfibres are randomly dispersed in the resin of a composite of resin and continuous fibre reinforcement The diameter of the microfibres is significantly smaller than that of the continous fibres.
Composite materials Drake, C.F. and Jones, II (Standard Telephone and Cables plc, New York, NY. USA) US Pat4 473 545 (25 September 1984) Biologically active material can be released at a controlled rate in the digestive system of a ruminant from a carrier body comprising insoluble polymer and a particulate phosphate glass, which dissolves at a controlled rate.
Flexibilized flame retardant B-staged epoxy resin prepregs and composite laminates made therefrom Thomas, W.ll, Hickman IlL F.E. and Knight. F.J. (Westinghouse Electric Corp, Pittsburgh. PA, USA) US Pat 4 477 512 (16 October 1984) A brominated epoxy resin (or a nonhalogenated epoxy and a bromine or phenolic hydroxyl-containing flame retardant), an epoxidized oil and a phenolic novolak curing agent are used to impregnate cellulosic paper or non-woven glass fibres.
Laminate Koga K (Mutsui Petrochemical Industries Lid, Tokyo, Japan) US Pat 4 477 513 (16 October 1984) A thermoplastic resin is sandwiched between two outer metal layers, at least one of which has a filament-wound, fibre-reinforced resin laminated to it
Reinforced rubber composition containing coal Sperley. llJ. (Uniroyal Inc, New York NY, USA) US Pat4 477 611 (16 October 1984) This composite is a mixture of a sulphurvulcanizable rubber, 5-3() phr of ground coal of mesh size >25 and metallic reinforcing wire.
Lignin reinforced synthetic rubber Compacted sheet molding compound Hogerman, E.M. and Mitchell H.A. (General Motors Corporation` Detroit. Ml, USA) US Pat 4 474 845 (2 October 1984) In an article moulded from short glass fibre SMC, the tensile strength is increased and surface defects decreased if the SMC is first passed through rollers to break apart and uniformly disperse the glass fibre bundles.
Fiber-reinforced hydraulically setting materials G e n b a T., Mizobe, A. and OkazakL M. (Kuraray Co Ltd, Kurashiki. Japan) US Pat 4 474 907 (2 October 1984) Concrete is reinforced with 0.1-4 w¢'/o polyvinyl alcohol fibres of length 3-8 mm and aspect ratio 20(I-800. The fibres have an oxidized polyethylene on their surfaces.
Arylene sulfide composites containing calcium sulfate Dix, J . S . (Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, OK. USA) US" Pat 4 474 921 ~2 October 1984) This composition is given as polyarylcne sulphide, glass fibre reinforcement and calcium sulphate.
Filled poly (arylene sulfide) compositions Blackwell, J.P. (Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, OK, USA) US" Pat 4 474 922 (2 October 1984) This high melt-flow polymer composition contains uncured polyarylene sulphide having a melt flow o f > 100 g min -], about 10-60 wt% of a reinforcing agent and sufficient alkaline earth metal sulphate to increase the melt flow of the composition.
Base metal material
composite
electrical
contact
Bader, F.E. and Green M.L. (AT&T Bell Laboratories. Murray Hill, NJ, USA) US Pat 4 475 983 (9 October 1984) A base-metal matrix is reinforced with 1-50 volume % hard, electrically conductive particles, 0.1-100 /.tm in diameter. The composite is treated on at least one surface to remove the metal matrix and leave particles projecting above the matrix surface.
COMPOSITES. OCTOBER 1985
Boutsicaris` S.P. (The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, OH, USA) US Pat4 477 612 (16 October 1984) An acrylamide-containing rubber is reintorced with 5-100 phr lignin.
Metal fiber reinforced bioglass composites Ducheyne, P.LR. and Hench, H.- L. ( University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA) US Pat4 478 904 (23 October 1984) A skeletal mass of metal fibre~ 10-80 wt %, are embedded in a matrix of bioglass so that pores formed in the mass are filled with bioglass.
Cellulosic board Helgesson. G., Mansson, B. and Wallin, N.-H. (AB Casco, Stockholm, Sweden) US Pat 4 478 966 (23 October 1984) First, wood chips, sawdust or shavings are mixed with a liquid containing urea to give 0.2-2 wt % urea in the mixture. Then a ureaformaldehyde glue is added after the urea has penetrated the particles; the resulting material being shaped and consolidated.
Cementitious composite material with stainless steel particulate filler Satkowskk J.A. et al (Research One Limited Partnership, Towson. MD. USA} US Pat4 482 385 (13 November 1984) This composite has irregularly shaped stainless steel particles in a matrix of Portland cement
Spot-weldable lightweight composite material Matsumoto, Y.. Shinozaki. M. and Die, T. (Kawasaki Steel Corporation. Kobc. Japan) US Pat 4 482 600 (13 November 1984) In this composite a mixture of resin and graphite is held between two metal sheets. The thickness of the intermediate layer is equal to or greater than the sum of the thickness of the metal sheets.
Composites of sulfur and crystalline phosphate fibers Hinkebein, J.A. ( Monsanto Con'tpany. St Louis` MO, USA) US Pat 4 484 950 (27 November 1984) Elemental sulphur is reinlorced with phosphate fibres -- acicular calcium rectaphosphate, abestiform calcium sodium phosphate or asbestiform calcium lithium phosphate.
Chemically modified asphalts and glass fibers treated therewith Upner. W.E. and White, ILN. (Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation, Toledo, OH, USA) US Pat 4 485 144 (27 November 1984) Asphalt-coated glass fibre rcinlorcing material is laminated to form a membrane. The coating is the reaction product of asphalt a vinyl aromatic monomer and a thermoplastic rubber v.,rhich is a styrene-butadiene copolymer of the A- B type.
Reaction inhibited-silicon carbide fiber reinforced high temperature glass-ceramic composites Brennan` J.J.. Chyung K. and Taylor, MP. (United Technologies Corporation. flartford, CT. USA) US Pat 4 485 179 (27 November 1984) Silicon carbide fibres, having a reactioninhibiting diffusion barrier coating of niobium carbMe and/or tantalum carbide, arc used m an amount of 15-7(I volume % to reinforce a specified glass matrix. The composite can be used at temperatures greater than 1(10(1 (',
Radiation curable multifilament composite Levy, N. and Patel. P.D. (AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA) US Pat 4 479 984 (30 October 1984) Filaments are coated with a liquid resin which is radiation cured. The resin contains DGEBA diacrylate, a urethane and specified diluents.
Mica-resin composite material Hoda, S.N. and Olszewski, A l l (Coming Glass Works, C o m i n g NY, USA) US Pat 4 480 060 (30 October 1984) An ion-exchanged synthetic mica material is flocculated, converted to particulate form and mixed with organic resin: the mixture is then dispersed in solvent, dried and pressed at elevated temperature and pressure.
Novel reinforcing additive and method of reinforcing thermoplastic polymer therewith Godlewski, ILK and Osterholtz, F.D. (Union Carbide Corporation, Danbury, CT, USA) US Pat 4 481 322 (6 November 1984) An organic resin containing at least two unsaturated groups is reinforced with an inorganic filler.
PROCESSES Fabrication of composite metal wire Kawai, K.. Kancko, Y., Abe. K.. Matsuo. H., Kishi. Y., Miyake, Y. and Malsuyaina. ~. (Hitachi Cable Ltd. Tokyo..lafmn) US Put4 438 155 (20 March 1984) A hard metal core is aligned, polished and cleaned, then preheated tinder it conMant Iov,, tension of 5-50'!,., of its bte~tking tension, introduced into an extruder and a soft cladding metal extruded around the core with the Iov. tension maintained.
Method of manufacturing a composite reinforcing structure Hawley, llC. (Polymer Cnmpositcs Ill,.', Winona, M N, USA) US Pat 4 439 387 (2 7 March 1984) Fluid thermoplastic resin is extruded through a stationary die having an open central passage and lobes projecting into the passage to form a convoluted path. Reinforcing fibre strands are
347