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Laminated composite material: carbon fibre reinforced compressor blade laminated with steel sheet
carbon fibre reinforced plastics, a new lay-up technique has been evolved. A single piece of fibre reinforced material is shaped to produce one flank of a blade, an interconnecting portion, and the opposing flank of the succeeding blade. The reinforcement is radial to the assembled annular array of blades. These U-shaped portions, comprising the blades, are rooted in the disc by projections.
A method of testing the value of Young's modulus in carbon fibres Johnson, J. W. UK Patent Specifica-
tion, 1,197,774 (8 July 1970) The resistivity of a graphitized carbon fibre is measured for a known length of fibre, of known cross-sectional area. The carbon fibre may be passed through a coil in the grid circuit of a tuned oscillator. The value of Young's modulus is found by interpolation in a previously determined relationship between resistivity and Young's modulus. This method is of a nondestructive nature and suitable for quality control during manufacture.
Method of producing mouldable reinforced thermoplastic material and articles therefrom Asahi Glass Co. Ltd. UK Patent
Specification, 1,198,324 (8 July 1970) To produce glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic sheet material with improved bonding, glass fibre mat is impregnated with an emulsion of thermoplastic resin, particularly a vinyl chloride. The resin contains an organic solvent which swells the resin particles. Heating to remove water and organic solvent causes the resin particles to coalesce firmly together and to adhere firmly to the fibre mat. Moulding of the sheet is also described.
Improvements in vacuum reactor for vapour deposition on continuous filaments General Electric Company UK Patent
Specification 1970)
1,198,554
(15
July
A vacuum reactor for the vapour deposition of a boron based coating on a filament is described. The filament passes vertically through a line of cups containing mercury, which allows an electrical potential to be established, resulting in resistance heating of the filament. Boron coating on a carboncoated silica substrated has been carried out at rates from seven to twenty feet per minute.
380
COMPOSITES December 1970
Improvements in methods and apparatus for manufacturing composite materials reinforced b y trichites Compagnie Francaise Thomson Houston-Hotchkiss Brandt UK Patent
Specification, 1970)
1,198,824
(15 July
Metallized and aligned monocrystals are combined with a matrix. In the case of a nickel matrix, the composite sheet is produced b y electrolytic deposition having a thickness of 0-01 mm to 0"05 ram. Reheating in a vacuum improves both the properties of the nickel and the nickel/trichite bond. Components which require a high mechanical resistance to elevated temperatures can be made in this way with ceramic trichites. The composite system can withstand repeated thermal shocks and is suitable for application to turbine vanes, helicopter blades and nuclear fuel element sheaths.
Improvements in or relating to laminates of metal and polyimide resins Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company UK Patent Specification,
1,198,856 (15 July 1970) A copper/polyimide resin laminate suitable for dielectric applications is described. Electrical circuit boards can be produced by masking and etching away unwanted parts. Adhesion of the polymer to the metal is improved by using a primer layer of amide-modified polyimide. The laminate is flexible and colour coding can be produced by adding pigments to the primer resin.
Method of production of reaction bonded silicon nitride ceramic matrix composite materials Parr, N. L., May, E. R. W., Godfrey, D. J., Lindley, M. W. and Brown, R. L.
UK Patent Specification, 1,198,906 (15 July 1970) Improvements in strength, fracture toughness and fragmentation resistance for silicon nitride wire reinforced ceramic matrices is achieved. Silicon powder is deposited by flame spraying onto reinforcing fibres of tungsten, molybdenum, silicon carbide or carbon. Filament winding is used to produce components, which are heated in a nitriding atmosphere to convert the silicon to silicon nitride. Porosity of the composite is reduced considerably during nitridation.
Composite structures: inorganic oriented fibre composite for high temperature applications Monsanto Company UK Patent
Specification 1970)
1,199,376
(22
July
A method of forming a skeleton of aligned discontinuous fibres is des-
cribed, for use in moulded objects where high strength inorganic whiskers are combined with thermally stable epoxide resins. Heat resistance properties of the composite are good and it may be applied to rocket nozzles, diffusers, rocket combustion insulators and high temperature insulators. An extrusion of metal grains and inorganic fibres is formed and passed through a cellulose resin filled coagulating bath. The organic matter in the lay-up is burnt away to leave a fibre-oriented skeleton. Hot-pressing into a matrix is used to complete the product.
Metal/refractory fibre composite products Monsanto Company UK Patent
Specification 19701
1,199,377
(22
July
Nickel-plated silicon carbide whiskers are extruded with powdered metal in a film forming organic colloid medium. The dispersion is coagulated and the organic constituents are burnt off. The skeleton of oriented fibres can then be hot-pressed within a metallic matrix. The nickel plating of the silicon carbide whiskers gives a 30% increase in flexural strength as compared with plain untreated fibres.
Glass fibre-reinforced elastomers Owens-Coming Fiberglas Corporation
UK Patent Specification 1,199,617 (22 July 1970) A composition for the treatment of glass fibre bundles to improve their adhesion to elastomeric materials is detailed. The formulation of the composition is given being based upon a natural latex rubber and a terpolymer. After sizing, the fibres remain sufficiently non-tacky for continued processing into yarns, strands, cords or fabrics. During vulcanization or curing of the matrix, the terpolymer and latex exhibit good flow properties, which enhance the impregnation of the fibres.
Laminated composite material: carbon fibre reinforced compressor blade laminated with steel sheet Btrley, J. N. C. UK Patent Specifica-
tion 1,199,735 (22 July 1970) A carbon fibre reinforced compressor blade for a gas turbine is shown. The layers of carbon fibre reinforced plastic are interleaved with sheets of an isotropic material, steel being specified. Some layers are confined to the root section of the blade, others extend halfway and still others extend throughout the blade, to produce the required configuration. Mechanical property improvements are detailed, the main aim being to protect the blade from erosion and impact damage.
A method of testing the value of Young's modulus in carbon fibres Johnson, J. W. UK Patent Specifica-
tion, 1,197,774 (8 July 1970) The resistivity of a graphitized carbon fibre is measured for a known length of fibre, of known cross-sectional area. The carbon fibre may be passed through a coil in the grid circuit of a tuned oscillator. The value of Young's modulus is found by interpolation in a previously determined relationship between resistivity and Young's modulus. This method is of a nondestructive nature and suitable for quality control during manufacture.
Method of producing mouldable reinforced thermoplastic material and articles therefrom Asahi Glass Co. Ltd. UK Patent
Specification, 1,198,324 (8 July 1970) To produce glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic sheet material with improved bonding, glass fibre mat is impregnated with an emulsion of thermoplastic resin, particularly a vinyl chloride. The resin contains an organic solvent which swells the resin particles. Heating to remove water and organic solvent causes the resin particles to coalesce firmly together and to adhere firmly to the fibre mat. Moulding of the sheet is also described.
Improvements in vacuum reactor for vapour deposition on continuous filaments General Electric Company UK Patent
Specification 1970)
1,198,554
(15
July
A vacuum reactor for the vapour deposition of a boron based coating on a filament is described. The filament passes vertically through a line of cups containing mercury, which allows an electrical potential to be established, resulting in resistance heating of the filament. Boron coating on a carboncoated silica substrated has been carried out at rates from seven to twenty feet per minute.
380
COMPOSITES December 1970
Improvements in methods and apparatus for manufacturing composite materials reinforced b y trichites Compagnie Francaise Thomson Houston-Hotchkiss Brandt UK Patent
Specification, 1970)
1,198,824
(15 July
Metallized and aligned monocrystals are combined with a matrix. In the case of a nickel matrix, the composite sheet is produced b y electrolytic deposition having a thickness of 0-01 mm to 0"05 ram. Reheating in a vacuum improves both the properties of the nickel and the nickel/trichite bond. Components which require a high mechanical resistance to elevated temperatures can be made in this way with ceramic trichites. The composite system can withstand repeated thermal shocks and is suitable for application to turbine vanes, helicopter blades and nuclear fuel element sheaths.
Improvements in or relating to laminates of metal and polyimide resins Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company UK Patent Specification,
1,198,856 (15 July 1970) A copper/polyimide resin laminate suitable for dielectric applications is described. Electrical circuit boards can be produced by masking and etching away unwanted parts. Adhesion of the polymer to the metal is improved by using a primer layer of amide-modified polyimide. The laminate is flexible and colour coding can be produced by adding pigments to the primer resin.
Method of production of reaction bonded silicon nitride ceramic matrix composite materials Parr, N. L., May, E. R. W., Godfrey, D. J., Lindley, M. W. and Brown, R. L.
UK Patent Specification, 1,198,906 (15 July 1970) Improvements in strength, fracture toughness and fragmentation resistance for silicon nitride wire reinforced ceramic matrices is achieved. Silicon powder is deposited by flame spraying onto reinforcing fibres of tungsten, molybdenum, silicon carbide or carbon. Filament winding is used to produce components, which are heated in a nitriding atmosphere to convert the silicon to silicon nitride. Porosity of the composite is reduced considerably during nitridation.
Composite structures: inorganic oriented fibre composite for high temperature applications Monsanto Company UK Patent
Specification 1970)
1,199,376
(22
July
A method of forming a skeleton of aligned discontinuous fibres is des-
cribed, for use in moulded objects where high strength inorganic whiskers are combined with thermally stable epoxide resins. Heat resistance properties of the composite are good and it may be applied to rocket nozzles, diffusers, rocket combustion insulators and high temperature insulators. An extrusion of metal grains and inorganic fibres is formed and passed through a cellulose resin filled coagulating bath. The organic matter in the lay-up is burnt away to leave a fibre-oriented skeleton. Hot-pressing into a matrix is used to complete the product.
Metal/refractory fibre composite products Monsanto Company UK Patent
Specification 19701
1,199,377
(22
July
Nickel-plated silicon carbide whiskers are extruded with powdered metal in a film forming organic colloid medium. The dispersion is coagulated and the organic constituents are burnt off. The skeleton of oriented fibres can then be hot-pressed within a metallic matrix. The nickel plating of the silicon carbide whiskers gives a 30% increase in flexural strength as compared with plain untreated fibres.
Glass fibre-reinforced elastomers Owens-Coming Fiberglas Corporation
UK Patent Specification 1,199,617 (22 July 1970) A composition for the treatment of glass fibre bundles to improve their adhesion to elastomeric materials is detailed. The formulation of the composition is given being based upon a natural latex rubber and a terpolymer. After sizing, the fibres remain sufficiently non-tacky for continued processing into yarns, strands, cords or fabrics. During vulcanization or curing of the matrix, the terpolymer and latex exhibit good flow properties, which enhance the impregnation of the fibres.
Laminated composite material: carbon fibre reinforced compressor blade laminated with steel sheet Btrley, J. N. C. UK Patent Specifica-
tion 1,199,735 (22 July 1970) A carbon fibre reinforced compressor blade for a gas turbine is shown. The layers of carbon fibre reinforced plastic are interleaved with sheets of an isotropic material, steel being specified. Some layers are confined to the root section of the blade, others extend halfway and still others extend throughout the blade, to produce the required configuration. Mechanical property improvements are detailed, the main aim being to protect the blade from erosion and impact damage.