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Landform replication in quarrying
GEOLOGY:EARTHQUAKES
151A
954016
954020
Environmental performance of large open pits in Western Australia - a perspective H. Jones & K. Lindbeck, in: Managing risk. Proc. 4th open pit conference, Perth, 1994, (AIMM), 1994, pp 43-46.
J. Dvorak, M. Prasak & F. Krovak, in: Soil conservation and silviculture, ed J. Dvorak & L. Novak, (Elsevier; Developments in Soil Science, 23), 1994, pp 81-100, refs pp 389-394.
The mining industry in Western Australia has recognised the need for sound environmental management at mine sites, taking up the challenge and becoming a world leader in rehabilitation techniques. Any environmental management program in the industry has three stages: approval by government; management by the industry; and return to the State in an environmentally acceptable condition. The WA environmental requirements, procedures and industry performance in these three stages are discussed. (from Authors) 954017
Landform replication in quarrying G. Walton & R. Allington, Transactions - Institution of Mining & Metallurgy, Section A, 103(May-Aug), 1994, pp A55-A66.
Analysis of erosion
This chapter considers the erosion process using a series of equations. In turn the following are considered for erosion by water; velocity of areal runoff, tangential stress within area runoff and admissible slope length. Erosion by wind is similarly considered using a range of available equation based approaches to predict the amount of erosion. The more general approaches to erosion modelling are considered with reference to the Universal Soil Loss Equation. A range of other models which have been developed since USLE arc briefly mentioned. (S.Norteliff) 954021
Erosion control to protect the soil J. Antal & J. Filip, in: Soil conservation and silviculture, ed J. Dvorak & L. Novak, (Elsevier; Developments in Soil Science, 23), 1994, pp 101-147, refs pp 389-394.
Landform replication as part of progressive quarry restoration is an approach that has advantages in the restoration of visually intrusive sections of quarries in sensitive locations, such as national parks and areas of outstanding natural beauty, as well as in locations where screening techniques would themselves be intrusive and where the nature of afteruse is an important issue. The approach has been applied with success to the restoration of chalk workings in southern Britain, and research and trials relating to restoration blasting and the replication of limestone dale landforms have been undertaken. An essential prerequisite for application of the technique is rigorous geomorphological analysis of the locality to ensure that final quarry landforms are consistent with the local gcomorphological and landscape setting. (from Authors)
This chapter briefly introduces the reasons why soil erosion must be prevented and outlines the general principles of erosion control. The importance of an organisational framework for erosion control and the need to develop an appropriate infrastructure to deal with remediation of erosion and its prevention is outlined. The major part of the chapter is concerned with the actions which can be taken to limit erosion and its effects. The techniques described include cultural operations such as contour cultivations and furrowing, biological measures including crop rotations, strip cropping and shelter belts, and technical measures such as terraces, ditches, check dams and erosion control reservoirs. Illustrations and suggestions of best practice are presented from central and eastern Europe. (S.Norteliff)
954018
Earthquake mechanisms and effects
Management of land endangered by slippage D. Huska, in: Soil conservation and silviculture, ed J. Dvorak & L. Novak, (Elsevier; Developments in Soil Science, 23), 1994, pp 301-317, refs pp 389-394. Landslides are perhaps the most dramatic form of soil erosion in that they often occur as a single event over a short time period and may result in loss of life. This chapter briefly considers the causes and nature of landslides together with the methods of control and management in areas prone to landsliding. (S.Nortcliff) 954019
Erosion factors J. Antal, in: Soil conservation and silviculture, ed J. Dvorak & L. Novak, (Elsevier; Developments in Soil Science, 23), 1994, pp 39-80, refs pp 389-394. This chapter considers the soil and environmental conditions which determine the nature and extent of soil erosion by both wind and water, and suggests that under certain conditions any one of these major factors may serve as the principal determinant of whether erosion occurs. Briefly discussed are the relevant conditions of the natural environment including climate, topography, soils and vegetation, together with a short comment on socio-economic factors. A detailed account of the relative importance in determining erosion of the processes leading to the generation of run off is presented, together with a discussion of water and wind erosivity and their interactions with soil credibility. The extent to which the likelihood of erosion occurring is influenced by other factors such as topography, vegetation and socio-economic conditions is briefly illustrated. A large proportion of the examples given are from central and eastern Europe. (S.Nortcliff)
954022 Dilatancy in hydraulically isolated faults and the suppression of instability D. A. Lockner & J. D. Byerlec, Geophysical Research Letters, 21(22), 1994, pp 2353-2356. Laboratory studies have shown that consolidated fault gouge dilates in response to an increase in the rate of shearing. During the period of accelerating slip that characterizes the onset of an instability, or earthquake, on a fault containing consolidated, fluid-saturated gouge, the accompanying dilatancy will result in a reduction in pore fluid pressure and an increase in effective normal stress. The paper reports laboratory observations of a 3% drop in pore pressure per decade increase in sliding rate of quartz gouge between granite fault surfaces. This dilatancy strengthening is greater than intrinsic rate-weakening observed for dry gouge and can play an important role in earthquake nucleation. (Authors)
954023 Experimental study of the influence of pore pressure variation on sliding behavior of rock surfaces (in Chinese) Li Jianguo, Song Ruiqing, He Changrong, Wang Shengzu & Zhang Liu, Seismology & Geology, 16(1), 1994, pp 53-59. In order to understand relation between earthquake activity and the variation of pore pressure, this work studied the effect of pore pressure rate on the sliding behavior between rock surfaces, with constant normal stresses ranging from l0 to 120MPa. The result shows that, with high increasing rate of pore pressure, surfaces with low increasing rate of pore pressure, sliding behavior was characterized by stable sliding,
151A
954016
954020
Environmental performance of large open pits in Western Australia - a perspective H. Jones & K. Lindbeck, in: Managing risk. Proc. 4th open pit conference, Perth, 1994, (AIMM), 1994, pp 43-46.
J. Dvorak, M. Prasak & F. Krovak, in: Soil conservation and silviculture, ed J. Dvorak & L. Novak, (Elsevier; Developments in Soil Science, 23), 1994, pp 81-100, refs pp 389-394.
The mining industry in Western Australia has recognised the need for sound environmental management at mine sites, taking up the challenge and becoming a world leader in rehabilitation techniques. Any environmental management program in the industry has three stages: approval by government; management by the industry; and return to the State in an environmentally acceptable condition. The WA environmental requirements, procedures and industry performance in these three stages are discussed. (from Authors) 954017
Landform replication in quarrying G. Walton & R. Allington, Transactions - Institution of Mining & Metallurgy, Section A, 103(May-Aug), 1994, pp A55-A66.
Analysis of erosion
This chapter considers the erosion process using a series of equations. In turn the following are considered for erosion by water; velocity of areal runoff, tangential stress within area runoff and admissible slope length. Erosion by wind is similarly considered using a range of available equation based approaches to predict the amount of erosion. The more general approaches to erosion modelling are considered with reference to the Universal Soil Loss Equation. A range of other models which have been developed since USLE arc briefly mentioned. (S.Norteliff) 954021
Erosion control to protect the soil J. Antal & J. Filip, in: Soil conservation and silviculture, ed J. Dvorak & L. Novak, (Elsevier; Developments in Soil Science, 23), 1994, pp 101-147, refs pp 389-394.
Landform replication as part of progressive quarry restoration is an approach that has advantages in the restoration of visually intrusive sections of quarries in sensitive locations, such as national parks and areas of outstanding natural beauty, as well as in locations where screening techniques would themselves be intrusive and where the nature of afteruse is an important issue. The approach has been applied with success to the restoration of chalk workings in southern Britain, and research and trials relating to restoration blasting and the replication of limestone dale landforms have been undertaken. An essential prerequisite for application of the technique is rigorous geomorphological analysis of the locality to ensure that final quarry landforms are consistent with the local gcomorphological and landscape setting. (from Authors)
This chapter briefly introduces the reasons why soil erosion must be prevented and outlines the general principles of erosion control. The importance of an organisational framework for erosion control and the need to develop an appropriate infrastructure to deal with remediation of erosion and its prevention is outlined. The major part of the chapter is concerned with the actions which can be taken to limit erosion and its effects. The techniques described include cultural operations such as contour cultivations and furrowing, biological measures including crop rotations, strip cropping and shelter belts, and technical measures such as terraces, ditches, check dams and erosion control reservoirs. Illustrations and suggestions of best practice are presented from central and eastern Europe. (S.Norteliff)
954018
Earthquake mechanisms and effects
Management of land endangered by slippage D. Huska, in: Soil conservation and silviculture, ed J. Dvorak & L. Novak, (Elsevier; Developments in Soil Science, 23), 1994, pp 301-317, refs pp 389-394. Landslides are perhaps the most dramatic form of soil erosion in that they often occur as a single event over a short time period and may result in loss of life. This chapter briefly considers the causes and nature of landslides together with the methods of control and management in areas prone to landsliding. (S.Nortcliff) 954019
Erosion factors J. Antal, in: Soil conservation and silviculture, ed J. Dvorak & L. Novak, (Elsevier; Developments in Soil Science, 23), 1994, pp 39-80, refs pp 389-394. This chapter considers the soil and environmental conditions which determine the nature and extent of soil erosion by both wind and water, and suggests that under certain conditions any one of these major factors may serve as the principal determinant of whether erosion occurs. Briefly discussed are the relevant conditions of the natural environment including climate, topography, soils and vegetation, together with a short comment on socio-economic factors. A detailed account of the relative importance in determining erosion of the processes leading to the generation of run off is presented, together with a discussion of water and wind erosivity and their interactions with soil credibility. The extent to which the likelihood of erosion occurring is influenced by other factors such as topography, vegetation and socio-economic conditions is briefly illustrated. A large proportion of the examples given are from central and eastern Europe. (S.Nortcliff)
954022 Dilatancy in hydraulically isolated faults and the suppression of instability D. A. Lockner & J. D. Byerlec, Geophysical Research Letters, 21(22), 1994, pp 2353-2356. Laboratory studies have shown that consolidated fault gouge dilates in response to an increase in the rate of shearing. During the period of accelerating slip that characterizes the onset of an instability, or earthquake, on a fault containing consolidated, fluid-saturated gouge, the accompanying dilatancy will result in a reduction in pore fluid pressure and an increase in effective normal stress. The paper reports laboratory observations of a 3% drop in pore pressure per decade increase in sliding rate of quartz gouge between granite fault surfaces. This dilatancy strengthening is greater than intrinsic rate-weakening observed for dry gouge and can play an important role in earthquake nucleation. (Authors)
954023 Experimental study of the influence of pore pressure variation on sliding behavior of rock surfaces (in Chinese) Li Jianguo, Song Ruiqing, He Changrong, Wang Shengzu & Zhang Liu, Seismology & Geology, 16(1), 1994, pp 53-59. In order to understand relation between earthquake activity and the variation of pore pressure, this work studied the effect of pore pressure rate on the sliding behavior between rock surfaces, with constant normal stresses ranging from l0 to 120MPa. The result shows that, with high increasing rate of pore pressure, surfaces with low increasing rate of pore pressure, sliding behavior was characterized by stable sliding,