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Lessons from the Humanitarian Golden Rice Project
New Biotechnology · Volume 29S · September 2012
one grayscale channel, opening the gates for more reliable color based descriptors. The combination of an accurate edge detection method with the use of hypercomplex numbers for feature recognition, open new possibilities for controlling the quality in barley classification. Those methods will be investigated and develop to evaluate and control the Fusarium infestation and damages on barley. Keywords: Quaternions; Active contour; Edge detection; Barley; Grains; Fusarium http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.055 Stream: Green Plant & Environmental Biotechnology, Session: Food Supply Oral 3.2.01 Lessons from the Humanitarian Golden Rice Project Ingo Potrykus Emeritus Plant Sciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Golden Rice is providing, from 40 g of dry rice in the daily diet, sufficient amounts of provitamin A, to prevent death and blindness from vitamin A-deficiency. Vitamin A-deficiency is a severe public health problem, predominantly for rice-dependent poor societies, affecting ca. 400 million people. Golden Rice was possible only on the basis of genetic engineering technology. Although Golden Rice is a public project for public good it had to follow the standard rules and regulations for work with transgenic plants, with the consequence that it required more than 10 years of GMO-specific extxra work and nearly USD 30 million extra funds. This has the immediate consequence that GMOs are prevented – by GMO-regulation – to be used by public institutions and for public good projects. In other words: GMO-regulation has established and maintains a de facto monopoly for the exploitation of GMO-technology for financially potent multinational companies. There is scientific consensus that there is no justification for GMO-specific regulation. ON top there is a moral imperative to use the potential of transgenic plants to the benefit of the poor and disadvantaged. To honor this moral imperative requires to change GMO-regulation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.056 Oral 3.2.02 Coating of wheat seeds with the PGP fungus Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581 S¸ems Yonsel ∗ , Miray Demir Simbiyotek Biyolojik Ürünler A.S¸., Okul C. 26A, Orhanlı, TuzlaIstanbul, Turkey For extensive use by arable crops, seed coating may be the most convenient concept for supplying a biological agent. Seed coating is used for commercial seed dressings. However, seed coating with PGPRs is often challenging, requiring a long shelf life, and compatibility with other seed dressings. Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581 formulations for wet and dry seed coating are patented (TR/2007/09242, 31.12.2007; EP8866322,4, 13.11.2008;
TR/2009/08397, 05.11.2009). Although Trichoderma harzianum is commonly known as a fungus with bio-control effects, the strain KUEN 1583 has strong root growth promoting effects. In the season of 2010–2011 60 t of wheat seeds are coated with the wet seed coating formulation in Tekirdag, Turkey. 500 g of the formulation is mixed together with fungicides and insecticides slowly by continual stirring in 1 L water and diluted to 10 L. This 10 L solution is sprayed on 1 ton wheat seeds. Coated seeds are packed in bags and sown in 1–2 months. The trial fields are at least 2 ha each and sown with 200 kg seeds/ha. Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581 grow quickly on roots of the wheat. The result is longer, stronger and more capillary roots. In addition Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581 makes soil microelements available for the plant. The results of the trials show that Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581 application can reduce sowing by 10%, results in strong and early sprouting, the colour of the plants is deeper green, improves the yield by 15-25% and gluten content by 13%. Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581; Wheat; Wet seed coating; PGP fungus http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.057 Oral 3.2.03 Biofilm formation improved the biocontrol of Bacillus subtilis against Fusarium Head Blight M. Mousivand ∗ , G.H. Salehi Jouzani, M. Hashemi Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease that causes extensive yield in the world. Recently, Biocontrol of FHB has been considered as part of integrated disease management. In this study, antagonistic strains Bacillus subtilis against F. graminearum and their ability to form biofilm evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Among the 240 bacterial isolates, approximately 65.1% were active against F. graminearum with inhibition zones larger than 2.5 mm. About 54.4% of the antagonistic isolates formed surface film on semisolid CM agar plates. The film formation ability of isolates was different and ranged from 0.22 to 3.85. The effect of biofilm formation on FHB biocontrol was evaluated in greenhouse condition. Two strains B. subtilis g6 and B. subtilis A48 with equal antagonistic potential were selected as representative of highest and lowest biofilm formation ability. The greater suppression of FHB disease was resulted from the seed and spike treatment with B. subtilis g6. Comparing the two methods serial dilution and microtiter plate assay for evaluating the population dynamics of biofilm forming isolates B. subtilis g6 revealed that microtiter plate assay is more precise, repetitive and economical in time and cost than serial dilution method. Keywords: Bacillus subtilis; Fusarium head blight; Antagonist; Wheat; Biofilm http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.058
www.elsevier.com/locate/nbt S23
one grayscale channel, opening the gates for more reliable color based descriptors. The combination of an accurate edge detection method with the use of hypercomplex numbers for feature recognition, open new possibilities for controlling the quality in barley classification. Those methods will be investigated and develop to evaluate and control the Fusarium infestation and damages on barley. Keywords: Quaternions; Active contour; Edge detection; Barley; Grains; Fusarium http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.055 Stream: Green Plant & Environmental Biotechnology, Session: Food Supply Oral 3.2.01 Lessons from the Humanitarian Golden Rice Project Ingo Potrykus Emeritus Plant Sciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Golden Rice is providing, from 40 g of dry rice in the daily diet, sufficient amounts of provitamin A, to prevent death and blindness from vitamin A-deficiency. Vitamin A-deficiency is a severe public health problem, predominantly for rice-dependent poor societies, affecting ca. 400 million people. Golden Rice was possible only on the basis of genetic engineering technology. Although Golden Rice is a public project for public good it had to follow the standard rules and regulations for work with transgenic plants, with the consequence that it required more than 10 years of GMO-specific extxra work and nearly USD 30 million extra funds. This has the immediate consequence that GMOs are prevented – by GMO-regulation – to be used by public institutions and for public good projects. In other words: GMO-regulation has established and maintains a de facto monopoly for the exploitation of GMO-technology for financially potent multinational companies. There is scientific consensus that there is no justification for GMO-specific regulation. ON top there is a moral imperative to use the potential of transgenic plants to the benefit of the poor and disadvantaged. To honor this moral imperative requires to change GMO-regulation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.056 Oral 3.2.02 Coating of wheat seeds with the PGP fungus Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581 S¸ems Yonsel ∗ , Miray Demir Simbiyotek Biyolojik Ürünler A.S¸., Okul C. 26A, Orhanlı, TuzlaIstanbul, Turkey For extensive use by arable crops, seed coating may be the most convenient concept for supplying a biological agent. Seed coating is used for commercial seed dressings. However, seed coating with PGPRs is often challenging, requiring a long shelf life, and compatibility with other seed dressings. Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581 formulations for wet and dry seed coating are patented (TR/2007/09242, 31.12.2007; EP8866322,4, 13.11.2008;
TR/2009/08397, 05.11.2009). Although Trichoderma harzianum is commonly known as a fungus with bio-control effects, the strain KUEN 1583 has strong root growth promoting effects. In the season of 2010–2011 60 t of wheat seeds are coated with the wet seed coating formulation in Tekirdag, Turkey. 500 g of the formulation is mixed together with fungicides and insecticides slowly by continual stirring in 1 L water and diluted to 10 L. This 10 L solution is sprayed on 1 ton wheat seeds. Coated seeds are packed in bags and sown in 1–2 months. The trial fields are at least 2 ha each and sown with 200 kg seeds/ha. Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581 grow quickly on roots of the wheat. The result is longer, stronger and more capillary roots. In addition Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581 makes soil microelements available for the plant. The results of the trials show that Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581 application can reduce sowing by 10%, results in strong and early sprouting, the colour of the plants is deeper green, improves the yield by 15-25% and gluten content by 13%. Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum KUEN 1581; Wheat; Wet seed coating; PGP fungus http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.057 Oral 3.2.03 Biofilm formation improved the biocontrol of Bacillus subtilis against Fusarium Head Blight M. Mousivand ∗ , G.H. Salehi Jouzani, M. Hashemi Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease that causes extensive yield in the world. Recently, Biocontrol of FHB has been considered as part of integrated disease management. In this study, antagonistic strains Bacillus subtilis against F. graminearum and their ability to form biofilm evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Among the 240 bacterial isolates, approximately 65.1% were active against F. graminearum with inhibition zones larger than 2.5 mm. About 54.4% of the antagonistic isolates formed surface film on semisolid CM agar plates. The film formation ability of isolates was different and ranged from 0.22 to 3.85. The effect of biofilm formation on FHB biocontrol was evaluated in greenhouse condition. Two strains B. subtilis g6 and B. subtilis A48 with equal antagonistic potential were selected as representative of highest and lowest biofilm formation ability. The greater suppression of FHB disease was resulted from the seed and spike treatment with B. subtilis g6. Comparing the two methods serial dilution and microtiter plate assay for evaluating the population dynamics of biofilm forming isolates B. subtilis g6 revealed that microtiter plate assay is more precise, repetitive and economical in time and cost than serial dilution method. Keywords: Bacillus subtilis; Fusarium head blight; Antagonist; Wheat; Biofilm http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.058
www.elsevier.com/locate/nbt S23