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Lever propulsion systems
ABSTRACTS More specifically, the system, named EYES (Electronic Yuppie Expert System) uses EXSYS Professional as the expert system shell and is designed to process information on the relationship between human functions and the product design requirements to find the conceptual design of potential new products. To elicit the general response to these potential products, a consumer survey was conducted. The result of the survey suggested that practical factors such as product functions, controls and ease of use etc. are more important than so-called 'image factors' such as brand name and size. 23.6.39 (126793) Wise, B K and Wise, J A
improvement of the posture as well as a good microclimate. According to measurements and recommendations of the specialists solutions are given to fulfil the orthopaedic demands. 23.6.41 (126800) Seeliger, K
'Lever propulsion systems' in van der Woude, L H V, Meijs, P J M and de Boer, Y A (eds) Ergonomics of manual wheelchair propulsion: state of the art Amsterdam, 17-19 October 1991. Organized by Concerted Action 'Mobility Restoration for Paralysed Persons' of the COMAC-BME and the Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1991) pp 203-209 (31 refs)
'Children's human factors in the design of a pre-school educational furnishings system' in Visions. Proc Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting San Francisco, California, 2-6 September 1991. The Human Factors Society, Santa Monica, California, Vol 1 (1991) pp 541-545 (1 ref)
Four different systems of lever propulsion drives are described and compared with rim and crank systems with regard to several ergonomic and handling criteria.
This paper describes the human factors design basis of an innovative educational furnishings system developed for the 'head start classroom of the future'. The human factors contributions centred on: the ergonomics of preschool children, including sizing, reach, visual access and ability to manipulate the furnishing elements; safety and hazards analyses for the construction of furnishings, materials and surface finish selection; design for children-computer interactions through a new type of computer furniture; development of a 'cognitive ergonomics' for educational furnishings that assesses how these support planned activities and opportunistic discovery play. The furnishings system is analogous to office landscaping systems that are flexible, modular in nature and adaptable to different facility settings. It is called a 'learning landscape', and it helps the classroom to become a true active partner in the learning process.
'The wheelchair-user interface: the core of ergonomics?' in van der Woude,
23.6.40 (126795) Engel, P
'Aspects of wheelchair seating comfort' in van der Woude, L H V, Meijs, P J M and de Boer, Y A (eds) Ergonomics of manual wheelchair propulsion: state of the art Amsterdam, 17-19 October 1991. Organized by Concerted Action 'Mobility Restoration for Paralysed Persons' of the COMAC-BME and the Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1991) pp 105-111 (30 refs) Wheelchair seating principal pressure 432
comfort means reduction and
23.6.42 (126801) van der Woude, L H V
L H V, Meijs, P J M and de Boer, Y A (eds) Ergonomics of manual wheelchair
propulsion: state of the art Amsterdam, 17-19 October 1991. Organized by Concerted Action 'Mobility Restoration for Paralysed Persons' of the COMAC-BME and the Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1991) pp 187-201 (62 refs) Within the framework of the goals set in the rehabilitation process an optimum performance capacity of the wheelchairuser combination is a major prerequisite. Wheelchair mobility is fundamental for social integration of lowerlimb disabled, An ergonomic approach is taken with respect to the study of manual wheelchair populsion. The main three areas of interest are vehicle mechanics, the work capacity of the wheelchair user and the wheelchairuser interface. Owing to the coherence between these areas they should be jointly studied. The fine tuning of the wheelchair to the user will predominantly take place in the wheelchair-user interface. However, only an integrated knowledge-based approach from both vehicle mechanics, work capacity and the wheelchair-user interface can render useful practical information. 23.6.43 (126803) Radwin, R G and Oh, S
'Handle and trigger size effects on power tool operation' in Visions. Proc Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting San Francisco, California, 2-6
September 1991. The Human Factors Society, Santa Monica, California, Vol 1 (1991) pp 843-847 (15 refs) A pistol grip power nutrunner was simulated in the laboratory using a modified pneumatic power tool motor instrumented with strain gauge dynamometers for measuring finger and palm forces produced during tool operation. Fifteen randomly recruited subjects participated in the study. Subjects were assigned to one of three size categories according to hand length. Every subject operated the simulator for all combinations of four handle spans and two trigger types. Handle span was 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm, and 7 cm. The triggers included a conventional one-finger trigger from a pistol grip power tool and an extended trigger that can accommodate two fingers. The handle spin resulting in maximum grip strength increased as hand size increased. Average peak finger force during tool operation increased 30 N (27%) and palmar force increased 33 N (24%) when handle span was increased from 4 cm to 7 cm. Exertion level (defined as the ratio of actual force/strength) was affected by handle span in the range between 4 cm and 7 cm, having a Ushape response with a minimum between 5 cm and 6 cm. Average finger and palmar force were 7% lower when using the tool with the extended trigger than when using the tool with the conventional trigger. Subjective handle size preference was directly related to operator hand length. 23.6.44 (127146) Hekstra, A C
'Human factors in wheelchair testing' in van der Woude, L H V, Meijs, P J M and de Boer, Y A (eds) Ergonomics of
manual wheelchair propulsion: state of the art Amsterdam, 17-19 October 1991. Organized by Concerted Action 'Mobility Restoration for Paralysed Persons' of the COMAC-BME and the Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1991) pp 25-32 (6 refs) The development of appropriate criteria, test methods and facilities for evaluation of the technical quality of wheelchairs requires more knowledge of the behaviour of wheelchairs under different loads. By experiments and simulations, the relation between daily use and the test situations is examined. For the durability test and the drop test, the differences between the use of a dummy and a person are described. It is concluded that during the durability test, the ISO dummy initiates about two times higher forces on and stresses in the construction than a person. The results of the drop test appeared to be
Applied Ergonomics
improvement of the posture as well as a good microclimate. According to measurements and recommendations of the specialists solutions are given to fulfil the orthopaedic demands. 23.6.41 (126800) Seeliger, K
'Lever propulsion systems' in van der Woude, L H V, Meijs, P J M and de Boer, Y A (eds) Ergonomics of manual wheelchair propulsion: state of the art Amsterdam, 17-19 October 1991. Organized by Concerted Action 'Mobility Restoration for Paralysed Persons' of the COMAC-BME and the Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1991) pp 203-209 (31 refs)
'Children's human factors in the design of a pre-school educational furnishings system' in Visions. Proc Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting San Francisco, California, 2-6 September 1991. The Human Factors Society, Santa Monica, California, Vol 1 (1991) pp 541-545 (1 ref)
Four different systems of lever propulsion drives are described and compared with rim and crank systems with regard to several ergonomic and handling criteria.
This paper describes the human factors design basis of an innovative educational furnishings system developed for the 'head start classroom of the future'. The human factors contributions centred on: the ergonomics of preschool children, including sizing, reach, visual access and ability to manipulate the furnishing elements; safety and hazards analyses for the construction of furnishings, materials and surface finish selection; design for children-computer interactions through a new type of computer furniture; development of a 'cognitive ergonomics' for educational furnishings that assesses how these support planned activities and opportunistic discovery play. The furnishings system is analogous to office landscaping systems that are flexible, modular in nature and adaptable to different facility settings. It is called a 'learning landscape', and it helps the classroom to become a true active partner in the learning process.
'The wheelchair-user interface: the core of ergonomics?' in van der Woude,
23.6.40 (126795) Engel, P
'Aspects of wheelchair seating comfort' in van der Woude, L H V, Meijs, P J M and de Boer, Y A (eds) Ergonomics of manual wheelchair propulsion: state of the art Amsterdam, 17-19 October 1991. Organized by Concerted Action 'Mobility Restoration for Paralysed Persons' of the COMAC-BME and the Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1991) pp 105-111 (30 refs) Wheelchair seating principal pressure 432
comfort means reduction and
23.6.42 (126801) van der Woude, L H V
L H V, Meijs, P J M and de Boer, Y A (eds) Ergonomics of manual wheelchair
propulsion: state of the art Amsterdam, 17-19 October 1991. Organized by Concerted Action 'Mobility Restoration for Paralysed Persons' of the COMAC-BME and the Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1991) pp 187-201 (62 refs) Within the framework of the goals set in the rehabilitation process an optimum performance capacity of the wheelchairuser combination is a major prerequisite. Wheelchair mobility is fundamental for social integration of lowerlimb disabled, An ergonomic approach is taken with respect to the study of manual wheelchair populsion. The main three areas of interest are vehicle mechanics, the work capacity of the wheelchair user and the wheelchairuser interface. Owing to the coherence between these areas they should be jointly studied. The fine tuning of the wheelchair to the user will predominantly take place in the wheelchair-user interface. However, only an integrated knowledge-based approach from both vehicle mechanics, work capacity and the wheelchair-user interface can render useful practical information. 23.6.43 (126803) Radwin, R G and Oh, S
'Handle and trigger size effects on power tool operation' in Visions. Proc Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting San Francisco, California, 2-6
September 1991. The Human Factors Society, Santa Monica, California, Vol 1 (1991) pp 843-847 (15 refs) A pistol grip power nutrunner was simulated in the laboratory using a modified pneumatic power tool motor instrumented with strain gauge dynamometers for measuring finger and palm forces produced during tool operation. Fifteen randomly recruited subjects participated in the study. Subjects were assigned to one of three size categories according to hand length. Every subject operated the simulator for all combinations of four handle spans and two trigger types. Handle span was 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm, and 7 cm. The triggers included a conventional one-finger trigger from a pistol grip power tool and an extended trigger that can accommodate two fingers. The handle spin resulting in maximum grip strength increased as hand size increased. Average peak finger force during tool operation increased 30 N (27%) and palmar force increased 33 N (24%) when handle span was increased from 4 cm to 7 cm. Exertion level (defined as the ratio of actual force/strength) was affected by handle span in the range between 4 cm and 7 cm, having a Ushape response with a minimum between 5 cm and 6 cm. Average finger and palmar force were 7% lower when using the tool with the extended trigger than when using the tool with the conventional trigger. Subjective handle size preference was directly related to operator hand length. 23.6.44 (127146) Hekstra, A C
'Human factors in wheelchair testing' in van der Woude, L H V, Meijs, P J M and de Boer, Y A (eds) Ergonomics of
manual wheelchair propulsion: state of the art Amsterdam, 17-19 October 1991. Organized by Concerted Action 'Mobility Restoration for Paralysed Persons' of the COMAC-BME and the Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1991) pp 25-32 (6 refs) The development of appropriate criteria, test methods and facilities for evaluation of the technical quality of wheelchairs requires more knowledge of the behaviour of wheelchairs under different loads. By experiments and simulations, the relation between daily use and the test situations is examined. For the durability test and the drop test, the differences between the use of a dummy and a person are described. It is concluded that during the durability test, the ISO dummy initiates about two times higher forces on and stresses in the construction than a person. The results of the drop test appeared to be
Applied Ergonomics