- Email: [email protected]
LIBRARY TABLE
REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.
1282
which will prove of great aid in diagnosis. The many deformities of the limbs are admirably described and a careful consideration is afforded of the differential diagnosis of the various alterations in the appearance of the hands and feet produced by diseases of the nervous system. When engaged as " clinical clerks," either in the wards or out-patient rooms, students will find this work of great value to them. For although clinical work can only be studied by the actual examination of patients, nevertheless a guide of the nature of Dr. Hare’s manual is certainly desirable. The book is well printed and the numerous illustrations are beautifully executed.
The Black Deatli of 13.48 and 1349. By FRANCIS AIDAN GASQUET, D.D. London : George Bell and Sons. 1908. Pp. xxv.-27Z. Price 6s. net. Dr. Gasquet, who is the Abbot President of the English Benedictines, is well known as one of the most learned members of the great religious order which since the time of its foundation has given itself with special devotion to learning. The book now before us is a reprint of the first edition, which appeared in 1893, with one or two additions and corrections. The Great Pestilence, for the name " Black Death" was comparatively modern,’ as Dr. Gasquet points out on p. 7, ravaged the whole of Europe during the period 1343-50. It was apparently a particularly malignant form of Oriental plagae mainly of the pneumonic type. One unusual feature about the epidemic was the way in which animals were affected. Not only rats, but dogs, cats, and sheep suffered greatly. Pigs and cattle are also mentioned in contemporary records as being attacked with The mortality amongst human beings was fatal results. appalling ; for instance, in E agland and Wales about half the whole population died. Such a cataclysm is of interest not merely from the medical point of view but even more from that of the historian and the student of social events. For, to quote Dr. Gisquet, the Great Pestilence " formed the real clo3e of the Mediaeval period and the beginning of our Modern age ; to use a modern expression, labour began ......
then to understand its value and assert its power." In fact, all seemingly settled institutions were broken up and had to be built up anew. Dr. Gasquet’s book deserves careful study by all medical men and by all who are concerned with the health of the body politic. Its style is lucid and simple and we may add without fear of being misunderstood that the chief value of the book is that the statements are not those of Dr. Gasquet but of contemporary writers who wrote with first-hand knowledge. But the arrangement of these statements, their codifying, and the conclusions to be drawn from them are Dr. Gasquet’s, which is as much as to say they are those of a learned, impartial, and judicious critic. LIBRARY TABLE. A Course of Practical Organic Chemistry. By T. SLATER PRICE, D.So., Ph.D., F.I.C., Head of the Chemical Department of the Birmingham Municipal Technical School; and DOUGLAS F. Twiss, M.Sc., A.I.C., Lecturer on Chemistry at the Birmingham Municipal Technical School. London: and Co. Price 3s. 6d.1907. Longmans, Green, Pp. 239. This book provides a most useful practical course in organic chemistry and is modelled on the lines of the Board of Education syllabus which is sufficiently comprehensive to have 1
"
Sykes, in an article, On the Origin and History of Disease-Names," which appeared in our issue of April llth, 1896, p. 1007, says: "’Phe Black Death’ which ravaged Europe during the Dr. William
some
years 1348-50 with such terrible results is not to be found in any contemporary literature under that name, which has been shown by Dr. Murray in the New English Dictionary to have had no more recondite a source than Mrs. Mdrkham’s ’ History of England.’ published no earlier than the beginning of the present century for ’the instruction of children."
necessitated hitherto the consultation of different books for difr-arent parts of the subject. The syllabus is divided into, three stages corresponding with Parts I., II., and III, of this book. The opening chapter deals with elementary proceedings, such as the determination of physical constants and the detection of the elements and gives a few preliminary notes on preparations. Methane, ethyl alcohol, formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde, ether, ethyl compounds, and acetone follow, to be succeeded by chapters on the acids, urea, cyanides, starches, sugars, and so forth, this part concluding with a scheme for the identification of any compound contained in the first stage of the syllabus. More advanced work follows. in Parts II. and III. The paragraphs on preparations areexcellent and eminently practical, and the tests described bear the evidence of a laboratory acquaintance with their value. The scheme is worked out thoroughly and clearly from beginning to end and should make what is to many often a difficult course easy and intelligible. Annales Médicales et Bulletin de Statistique de l’Hôpital d’Enfants Hamidié. Vill-e année. Edited by Dr. IBRAHIM PACHA, Director-in-Chief, in collaboration with the medical staff of the hospital. Constantinople : Imprimerie Osmaniè. 1907.-This publication has now reached dimensions which any hospital might be proud to claim for its "reports " and is of great interest as showing to what extent the Western ideals of medical practice and research are becoming implanted in Eastern minds. Another pleasing feature of the Bulletin is the proof which it affords of the humanitarian interest taken by the Sultan of Turkey in the welfare of the. sick and poor of his country. The Hamidie Hospital, which, he founded in 1898 in memory of his daughter, the Princess. Imperial Hadidje, already owes much to his generosity,. and this Biilletia chronicles the completion of a gynæcological wing at the expense of the privy purse and also the erection of a sanatorium for pulmonary tuberculosis in connexion with the hospital in the pine forest above the plain of Kutahia. The Bulletin states that the equipment of the hospital is now thoroughly in accord with Western requirements and one of its latest, acquisitions is an installation of lighting and gas. Most, of the papers are written in Turkish ; they include clinicat observations, scientific studies, and a little popular instruction in hygiene. Some few of them are communicated in French and German, amongst which are A Case of Strangulated Diaphragmatic Hernia, by S. E. Dr. Alexandre Pacha Kambouroglon; the Surgical Treatment of Hydatid Cysts of the Liver, by Dr. Leon de Lacombe ; Erythema Infectiosum, by Professor Theodor Escherich; a Study of Recklinghausen’s Disease, by Dr. Chukri Mehmed ; and Vesical Calculus, by Dr. Raif bey. The reports are well illustrated with reproductions of many photographs. A long list of honours which have been awarded to members of the hospital staff is printed in the annals.
Paraffin in Surgery : A Critical and Clinical Study. By WILLIAM H. LUCKETT, B.S., M.D., Attending Surgeon, Harlem Hospital ; Surgeon, Mount Sinai Hospital Dispensary ; and FRANK I. HORN, M.D., Assistant Surgeon, Mount Sinai Hospital Dispensary, New York City. With 38 illustrations. New York : Surgery Publishing Company. 1907. Pp. 118. Price$2 -The time had certainly arrived for theappearance of a work dealing thoroughly with the r6le of paraffin in surgery. Seven years have elapsed since Gersuny’s. original article appeared in the Zeitschrift fur Heilkunde and much progress has been made. It must not be forgotten that the method was first introduced for the treatment of prolapse of the rectum, and the application of the method to the cosmetic relief of saddleback noses was a later development. In this little book the authors give a good account of the use of paraffin and they show what happens to theparaffin after it is injected. They prove fairly clearly that
.
REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.-NEW INVENTIONS.
1283
I have come to the conclusion that it is quite the best. The salient points of the syringe are : 1. The piston is moved up and down by a rack-and-pinion movement, actuated by a small wheel, with a milled edge, at the side. By this means a quick emptying of the syringe is made possible and considerable force is attained which can be regulated at will. The simple turning of the wheel does not produce any kind of movement or° kick " of the needle, so that all danger of unintentional movement of the needle point is eliminated. 2. The nozzle, on to which the needle fits, is bent at an obtuse angle, so that the holding of the syringe is facilitated if the injection is being given to the patient in an upright position. 3. In order to prevent any rotation of the syringe and also to give a good hold to the fingers when giving the stab " which is to introduce permanent. the needle there are "rests"" A Manual of Orthopædic Surgery. By AUGUSTUS provided on each side of the THORNDIKE, M.D., Assistant in Orthop2adics at the Harvard metal casing, on the one side for Medical School ; Visiting Surgeon to the House of the Good the thumb and on the other for the three fingers. The injection Samaritan ; Assistant Orthopaedic Surgeon to the Children’s may be given either with the &c. With 191 illustrations. London: Hospital, Rebman, patient lying on a couch or in the Limited. 1907. Pp. 401. Price 10s. 6d. net.-There is upright position. The skin of room for a small book on orthopaedic surgery. The subjects the buttock is cleaned with ether included under this title are indeed mentioned and described and then rubbed over with a swab moistened with a solution in the general text-books of surgery but the senior student of biniodide of mercury. The finds that he requires more, and such a book as this is very actual situation for the introwell suited to supply this want. The descriptions of treatduction of the needle is prement are sufficiently lengthy to be of practical use and ferably in the outer and upper treatment is after all the part that is most needed. The quadrant of the buttock, there author is moderate in his views and there is hardly any being said to be fewer vessels in this locality. The needle, having statement to which exception need be taken. The book is been previously sterilised by adequately illustrated. We do not know a better work on boiling in a solution of common orthopedics for its size. soda, is attached to the nczzle of the syringe and is then introduced into the buttock by a sharp stab. The syringe is then removed, the needle being left in situ, and a short space of time is allowed to elapse in order that it may be seen if a NOTE ON A NEW SYRINGE FOR THE INJECTION OF blood-vessel has been entered, IODIPIN, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE which mishap would at once METHOD OF USING. become apparent by the exudaIODIPIN, an additive compound of iodine and sesame oil, tion of a few drops of blood is is a thick yellow oil and prepared in two strengthsfrom the end of the needle. namely, 10 per cent. and 25 per cent. The latter is that Should this occur the needle must most commonly employed for subcutaneous or, preferably, be withdrawn and introduced Hitherto the intramuscular inintramuscular injection. afresh, and so on, until a spot is attended with a of has been certain iodipin jection always reached where no blood passes back through the needle. In the amount of difficulty-firstly, owing to the oily and viscid of cases there is no need to introduce the needle a majority even when the of the preparation, which, syringe second time. The syringe, having been warmed over a flame, properties has been carefully warmed over a Bunsen flame, necessitates is now fitted on to the needle and emptied by rotating the considerable force being employed in giving the injection ; wheel. The rate at which the should be emptied secondly, the comparatively long time required for the pro- should be gauged by the amountsyringe of pain and discomfort cedure (especially when large doses of iodipin are to be caused to the The syringe and needle are then withgiven, i.e., up to 30 cubic centimetres); and last, and by no drawn, the sitepatient. of the injection is massaged for a few seconds means least, there is the danger of piercing a vein. The with the finger tips, and a dressing of gauze and collodion force required to push down the piston makes it almost imis applied. possible to hold the instrument absolutely still. The lateral The the syringe is Mr. A. Bildheuser, Kleinkolnquivering movement thereby produced is apt to cause unneces- strasse,maker-of Aachen. sary pain, and the up-and-down movement in the long axis DOUGLAS H. FRESHWATER, M.B., B.C. Cantab., of the needle may lead to penetration of a vein, thus leadM.R.C.S.Eng., L.R.C.P. Lond., ing to the introduction of iodipin into the venous circulaAssistant in the Skin Department, St. George’s Hospital. tion, and so producing a pulmonary embolism and its attendant dangerous consequences. There is also an unHarley-street, W. pleasant side to the operation-the prolonged period required to give the injection and the disagreeable and often painful sensation caused by such a large quantity of fluid INVALID CHILDREN’S AID ASSOCIATION.-The penetrating the tissues of the buttock may give rise to the annual meeting of the Invalid Children’s Aid Association phenomena of vertigo or syncope. The psychological will be held, bv kind permission of the Duke of Westminster, element has also to be taken into consideration and at Grosvenor House, Upper Grosvenor-street, W., on Wednespatients often become nervous and frightened and so are day, May 13th, at 3 o’clock. Sir Edgar Speyer will preside and the Reverend Father Waggett, Dr. Andrew Lang, Mr. prevented from keeping absolutely still. Now that iodipin for intramuscular injection is being more D’Arcy Power, F R C.S. Eng., Mr. E. A. H. Jay, L.C.C., and widely employed it may be of advantage to introduce a Mrs. Bourchier (Violet Vanbrugh) will be among the speakers. syringe by the use of which these disadvantages can be Admission will be by tickets only, application for which may overcome. This syringe was invented by Dr. Anton Lieven be made to the secretary, 69, Denison House, Vauxhall of Aix-la-Chapelle, and after considerable experience in its Bridge-road, Westminster, S.W. all of the complications and accidents which have occurred as a result of the injection of paraffin have followed the employment of a paraffin melting below 110° F., and we agree with the authors that the employment of a paraffin .of a melting point higher than this is desirable. We cannot - agree with Eckstein that 136° F. is a desirable melting point, for the risk of burning is great and the practical difficulties during use are by no means small. It must be recognised that the use of paraffin in surgery is reasonable and gives good results in careful hands, but its employment is not without a small element of danger and even fatal results have occurred. A skilful surgeon, however, can sometimes by the use of paraffin produce results unattainable otherwise and the risk is small. When a paraffin of suitable melting point is chosen the results are apparently
nearly
New Inventions.
use
1282
which will prove of great aid in diagnosis. The many deformities of the limbs are admirably described and a careful consideration is afforded of the differential diagnosis of the various alterations in the appearance of the hands and feet produced by diseases of the nervous system. When engaged as " clinical clerks," either in the wards or out-patient rooms, students will find this work of great value to them. For although clinical work can only be studied by the actual examination of patients, nevertheless a guide of the nature of Dr. Hare’s manual is certainly desirable. The book is well printed and the numerous illustrations are beautifully executed.
The Black Deatli of 13.48 and 1349. By FRANCIS AIDAN GASQUET, D.D. London : George Bell and Sons. 1908. Pp. xxv.-27Z. Price 6s. net. Dr. Gasquet, who is the Abbot President of the English Benedictines, is well known as one of the most learned members of the great religious order which since the time of its foundation has given itself with special devotion to learning. The book now before us is a reprint of the first edition, which appeared in 1893, with one or two additions and corrections. The Great Pestilence, for the name " Black Death" was comparatively modern,’ as Dr. Gasquet points out on p. 7, ravaged the whole of Europe during the period 1343-50. It was apparently a particularly malignant form of Oriental plagae mainly of the pneumonic type. One unusual feature about the epidemic was the way in which animals were affected. Not only rats, but dogs, cats, and sheep suffered greatly. Pigs and cattle are also mentioned in contemporary records as being attacked with The mortality amongst human beings was fatal results. appalling ; for instance, in E agland and Wales about half the whole population died. Such a cataclysm is of interest not merely from the medical point of view but even more from that of the historian and the student of social events. For, to quote Dr. Gisquet, the Great Pestilence " formed the real clo3e of the Mediaeval period and the beginning of our Modern age ; to use a modern expression, labour began ......
then to understand its value and assert its power." In fact, all seemingly settled institutions were broken up and had to be built up anew. Dr. Gasquet’s book deserves careful study by all medical men and by all who are concerned with the health of the body politic. Its style is lucid and simple and we may add without fear of being misunderstood that the chief value of the book is that the statements are not those of Dr. Gasquet but of contemporary writers who wrote with first-hand knowledge. But the arrangement of these statements, their codifying, and the conclusions to be drawn from them are Dr. Gasquet’s, which is as much as to say they are those of a learned, impartial, and judicious critic. LIBRARY TABLE. A Course of Practical Organic Chemistry. By T. SLATER PRICE, D.So., Ph.D., F.I.C., Head of the Chemical Department of the Birmingham Municipal Technical School; and DOUGLAS F. Twiss, M.Sc., A.I.C., Lecturer on Chemistry at the Birmingham Municipal Technical School. London: and Co. Price 3s. 6d.1907. Longmans, Green, Pp. 239. This book provides a most useful practical course in organic chemistry and is modelled on the lines of the Board of Education syllabus which is sufficiently comprehensive to have 1
"
Sykes, in an article, On the Origin and History of Disease-Names," which appeared in our issue of April llth, 1896, p. 1007, says: "’Phe Black Death’ which ravaged Europe during the Dr. William
some
years 1348-50 with such terrible results is not to be found in any contemporary literature under that name, which has been shown by Dr. Murray in the New English Dictionary to have had no more recondite a source than Mrs. Mdrkham’s ’ History of England.’ published no earlier than the beginning of the present century for ’the instruction of children."
necessitated hitherto the consultation of different books for difr-arent parts of the subject. The syllabus is divided into, three stages corresponding with Parts I., II., and III, of this book. The opening chapter deals with elementary proceedings, such as the determination of physical constants and the detection of the elements and gives a few preliminary notes on preparations. Methane, ethyl alcohol, formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde, ether, ethyl compounds, and acetone follow, to be succeeded by chapters on the acids, urea, cyanides, starches, sugars, and so forth, this part concluding with a scheme for the identification of any compound contained in the first stage of the syllabus. More advanced work follows. in Parts II. and III. The paragraphs on preparations areexcellent and eminently practical, and the tests described bear the evidence of a laboratory acquaintance with their value. The scheme is worked out thoroughly and clearly from beginning to end and should make what is to many often a difficult course easy and intelligible. Annales Médicales et Bulletin de Statistique de l’Hôpital d’Enfants Hamidié. Vill-e année. Edited by Dr. IBRAHIM PACHA, Director-in-Chief, in collaboration with the medical staff of the hospital. Constantinople : Imprimerie Osmaniè. 1907.-This publication has now reached dimensions which any hospital might be proud to claim for its "reports " and is of great interest as showing to what extent the Western ideals of medical practice and research are becoming implanted in Eastern minds. Another pleasing feature of the Bulletin is the proof which it affords of the humanitarian interest taken by the Sultan of Turkey in the welfare of the. sick and poor of his country. The Hamidie Hospital, which, he founded in 1898 in memory of his daughter, the Princess. Imperial Hadidje, already owes much to his generosity,. and this Biilletia chronicles the completion of a gynæcological wing at the expense of the privy purse and also the erection of a sanatorium for pulmonary tuberculosis in connexion with the hospital in the pine forest above the plain of Kutahia. The Bulletin states that the equipment of the hospital is now thoroughly in accord with Western requirements and one of its latest, acquisitions is an installation of lighting and gas. Most, of the papers are written in Turkish ; they include clinicat observations, scientific studies, and a little popular instruction in hygiene. Some few of them are communicated in French and German, amongst which are A Case of Strangulated Diaphragmatic Hernia, by S. E. Dr. Alexandre Pacha Kambouroglon; the Surgical Treatment of Hydatid Cysts of the Liver, by Dr. Leon de Lacombe ; Erythema Infectiosum, by Professor Theodor Escherich; a Study of Recklinghausen’s Disease, by Dr. Chukri Mehmed ; and Vesical Calculus, by Dr. Raif bey. The reports are well illustrated with reproductions of many photographs. A long list of honours which have been awarded to members of the hospital staff is printed in the annals.
Paraffin in Surgery : A Critical and Clinical Study. By WILLIAM H. LUCKETT, B.S., M.D., Attending Surgeon, Harlem Hospital ; Surgeon, Mount Sinai Hospital Dispensary ; and FRANK I. HORN, M.D., Assistant Surgeon, Mount Sinai Hospital Dispensary, New York City. With 38 illustrations. New York : Surgery Publishing Company. 1907. Pp. 118. Price$2 -The time had certainly arrived for theappearance of a work dealing thoroughly with the r6le of paraffin in surgery. Seven years have elapsed since Gersuny’s. original article appeared in the Zeitschrift fur Heilkunde and much progress has been made. It must not be forgotten that the method was first introduced for the treatment of prolapse of the rectum, and the application of the method to the cosmetic relief of saddleback noses was a later development. In this little book the authors give a good account of the use of paraffin and they show what happens to theparaffin after it is injected. They prove fairly clearly that
.
REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS.-NEW INVENTIONS.
1283
I have come to the conclusion that it is quite the best. The salient points of the syringe are : 1. The piston is moved up and down by a rack-and-pinion movement, actuated by a small wheel, with a milled edge, at the side. By this means a quick emptying of the syringe is made possible and considerable force is attained which can be regulated at will. The simple turning of the wheel does not produce any kind of movement or° kick " of the needle, so that all danger of unintentional movement of the needle point is eliminated. 2. The nozzle, on to which the needle fits, is bent at an obtuse angle, so that the holding of the syringe is facilitated if the injection is being given to the patient in an upright position. 3. In order to prevent any rotation of the syringe and also to give a good hold to the fingers when giving the stab " which is to introduce permanent. the needle there are "rests"" A Manual of Orthopædic Surgery. By AUGUSTUS provided on each side of the THORNDIKE, M.D., Assistant in Orthop2adics at the Harvard metal casing, on the one side for Medical School ; Visiting Surgeon to the House of the Good the thumb and on the other for the three fingers. The injection Samaritan ; Assistant Orthopaedic Surgeon to the Children’s may be given either with the &c. With 191 illustrations. London: Hospital, Rebman, patient lying on a couch or in the Limited. 1907. Pp. 401. Price 10s. 6d. net.-There is upright position. The skin of room for a small book on orthopaedic surgery. The subjects the buttock is cleaned with ether included under this title are indeed mentioned and described and then rubbed over with a swab moistened with a solution in the general text-books of surgery but the senior student of biniodide of mercury. The finds that he requires more, and such a book as this is very actual situation for the introwell suited to supply this want. The descriptions of treatduction of the needle is prement are sufficiently lengthy to be of practical use and ferably in the outer and upper treatment is after all the part that is most needed. The quadrant of the buttock, there author is moderate in his views and there is hardly any being said to be fewer vessels in this locality. The needle, having statement to which exception need be taken. The book is been previously sterilised by adequately illustrated. We do not know a better work on boiling in a solution of common orthopedics for its size. soda, is attached to the nczzle of the syringe and is then introduced into the buttock by a sharp stab. The syringe is then removed, the needle being left in situ, and a short space of time is allowed to elapse in order that it may be seen if a NOTE ON A NEW SYRINGE FOR THE INJECTION OF blood-vessel has been entered, IODIPIN, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE which mishap would at once METHOD OF USING. become apparent by the exudaIODIPIN, an additive compound of iodine and sesame oil, tion of a few drops of blood is is a thick yellow oil and prepared in two strengthsfrom the end of the needle. namely, 10 per cent. and 25 per cent. The latter is that Should this occur the needle must most commonly employed for subcutaneous or, preferably, be withdrawn and introduced Hitherto the intramuscular inintramuscular injection. afresh, and so on, until a spot is attended with a of has been certain iodipin jection always reached where no blood passes back through the needle. In the amount of difficulty-firstly, owing to the oily and viscid of cases there is no need to introduce the needle a majority even when the of the preparation, which, syringe second time. The syringe, having been warmed over a flame, properties has been carefully warmed over a Bunsen flame, necessitates is now fitted on to the needle and emptied by rotating the considerable force being employed in giving the injection ; wheel. The rate at which the should be emptied secondly, the comparatively long time required for the pro- should be gauged by the amountsyringe of pain and discomfort cedure (especially when large doses of iodipin are to be caused to the The syringe and needle are then withgiven, i.e., up to 30 cubic centimetres); and last, and by no drawn, the sitepatient. of the injection is massaged for a few seconds means least, there is the danger of piercing a vein. The with the finger tips, and a dressing of gauze and collodion force required to push down the piston makes it almost imis applied. possible to hold the instrument absolutely still. The lateral The the syringe is Mr. A. Bildheuser, Kleinkolnquivering movement thereby produced is apt to cause unneces- strasse,maker-of Aachen. sary pain, and the up-and-down movement in the long axis DOUGLAS H. FRESHWATER, M.B., B.C. Cantab., of the needle may lead to penetration of a vein, thus leadM.R.C.S.Eng., L.R.C.P. Lond., ing to the introduction of iodipin into the venous circulaAssistant in the Skin Department, St. George’s Hospital. tion, and so producing a pulmonary embolism and its attendant dangerous consequences. There is also an unHarley-street, W. pleasant side to the operation-the prolonged period required to give the injection and the disagreeable and often painful sensation caused by such a large quantity of fluid INVALID CHILDREN’S AID ASSOCIATION.-The penetrating the tissues of the buttock may give rise to the annual meeting of the Invalid Children’s Aid Association phenomena of vertigo or syncope. The psychological will be held, bv kind permission of the Duke of Westminster, element has also to be taken into consideration and at Grosvenor House, Upper Grosvenor-street, W., on Wednespatients often become nervous and frightened and so are day, May 13th, at 3 o’clock. Sir Edgar Speyer will preside and the Reverend Father Waggett, Dr. Andrew Lang, Mr. prevented from keeping absolutely still. Now that iodipin for intramuscular injection is being more D’Arcy Power, F R C.S. Eng., Mr. E. A. H. Jay, L.C.C., and widely employed it may be of advantage to introduce a Mrs. Bourchier (Violet Vanbrugh) will be among the speakers. syringe by the use of which these disadvantages can be Admission will be by tickets only, application for which may overcome. This syringe was invented by Dr. Anton Lieven be made to the secretary, 69, Denison House, Vauxhall of Aix-la-Chapelle, and after considerable experience in its Bridge-road, Westminster, S.W. all of the complications and accidents which have occurred as a result of the injection of paraffin have followed the employment of a paraffin melting below 110° F., and we agree with the authors that the employment of a paraffin .of a melting point higher than this is desirable. We cannot - agree with Eckstein that 136° F. is a desirable melting point, for the risk of burning is great and the practical difficulties during use are by no means small. It must be recognised that the use of paraffin in surgery is reasonable and gives good results in careful hands, but its employment is not without a small element of danger and even fatal results have occurred. A skilful surgeon, however, can sometimes by the use of paraffin produce results unattainable otherwise and the risk is small. When a paraffin of suitable melting point is chosen the results are apparently
nearly
New Inventions.
use