Light-Weight Design of the Tubesheet of a High Pressure U-Tube Heat Exchanger Based on Finite Element Analysis

Light-Weight Design of the Tubesheet of a High Pressure U-Tube Heat Exchanger Based on Finite Element Analysis

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285 WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ3UHVVXUH9HVVHO7...

1MB Sizes 0 Downloads 20 Views

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285

WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ3UHVVXUH9HVVHO7HFKQRORJ\

/LJKW:HLJKW'HVLJQRIWKH7XEHVKHHWRID+LJK3UHVVXUH87XEH +HDW([FKDQJHU%DVHGRQ)LQLWH(OHPHQW$QDO\VLV -</LXD &)4LDQD+)/LD a

Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China

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‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI,&397 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICPVT-14

Keywords:WXEHVKHHW)(0VWUHVVDQDO\VLVOLJKWZHLJKWGHVLJQ

,QWURGXFWLRQ ,QWKHFRQYHQWLRQDOGHVLJQRIKHDWH[FKDQJHUVˈWKHWXEHVKHHWLVVLPSOLILHGLQWRDQHTXLYDOHQWVROLGSODWHZLWKWKH VDPHQRPLQDOGLPHQVLRQVDQGHIIHFWLYHHODVWLFFRQVWDQWV%XWWKLVPHWKRGFDQQRWJLYHDFWXDOVWUHVVGLVWULEXWLRQLQ WKHSHUIRUDWHGUHJLRQRIWXEHVKHHW>@7KHILQLWHHOHPHQWDQDO\VLVLVDQRWKHUHIIHFWLYHPHWKRGIRUVWUHVVDQDO\VLVRI 



&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO E-mail address:OLXMLX\LPLQH#FRP

1877-7058 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICPVT-14

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.221

276

J.Y. Liu et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285

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ˈ @ 

 )LJ6FKHPDWLFVWUXFWXUHRIWKHFKDQQHOER[ 7DEOH6SHFLILFSDUDPHWHUVRIWKHKHDWH[FKDQJHU 3DUDPHWHUVRIWKHKHDWH[FKDQJHU

9DOXHV

,QVLGHGLDPHWHURIVKHOOPP



,QVLGHGLDPHWHURIVSKHULFDOKHDGPP



7KLFNQHVVRIVSKHULFDOKHDGPP



7KLFNQHVVRIWXEHVKHHWPP



7KLFNQHVVRIVKHOOPP



2XWVLGHGLDPHWHURIWXEHPP



7KLFNQHVVRIWXEHVPP



&RUURVLRQDOORZDQFHPP



3UHVVXUHRIWXEHVLGH03D



3UHVVXUHRIVKHOOVLGH03D



'HVLJQWHPSHUDWXUHRIVKHOOVLGHć



'HVLJQWHPSHUDWXUHRIWXEHVLGHć



277

J.Y. Liu et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285

1XPHULFDOVLPXODWLRQ 2.1. Geometry model ,Q WKLV SDSHU WKH JHRPHWU\ PRGHO RI WKH 8WXEH KHDW H[FKDQJHU FRQVLVWLQJ RI WXEHVKHHW WXEHFKDQQHO SDUW RI VKHOODQGWXEHVZDVHVWDEOLVKHGZLWK$16<67KHIROORZLQJVLPSOLILFDWLRQVZHUHPDGHIRUWKHPRGHOLQJ  $VWKHJHQHUDOVWUXFWXUHRIWKH8WXEHKHDWH[FKDQJHULVV\PPHWULFDODTXDUWHUVWUXFWXUHZDVPRGHOHGLQRUGHU WRVLPSOLI\WKHPRGHODQGLQFUHDVHFRPSXWDWLRQDOHIILFLHQF\DVVKRZQLQ)LJ 

 )LJ7KHD[LVRIV\PPHWU\RIWKHWXEHVKHHW

 6LQFHWKHFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWXEHDQGWXEHVKHHWZDVXVLQJERWKH[SDQVLRQDQGZHOGLQJWKHHOHPHQWVRIWXEH DQGWKHHOHPHQWVRIWXEHVKHHWVKDUHGWKHVDPHQRGHVZLWKRXWFRQWDFWHOHPHQWVDVLIWKH\ZHUHRQHSDUW  2QWKHFKDQQHOER[VLGHWKHRYHUKDQJRIWXEHVZHUHLJQRUHGWRVLPSOLI\PRGHO2QWKHVKHOOVLGHWKHIULQJLQJ HIIHFWFDXVHGE\VKHOODQGWXEHVPXVWEHFRQVLGHUHGLQWKHWXEHVKHHWDQDO\VLV7KHH[WHQGHGOHQJWKRIVKHOODQGWXEHV RQWKHVKHOOVLGHKDYHWRPHHWWKHIROORZLQJUHTXLUHPHQW

'L t  RT 



 

ZKHUHƸ/LVH[WHQGHGOHQJWK5LVWKHLQVLGHUDGLXVRIYHVVHO7LVWKHWKLFNQHVVRIWKHYHVVHO:LWKWKLVUHTXLUHPHQW WKHH[WHQGHGOHQJWKRIVKHOOVKRXOGEHPRUHWKDQPPDQGWKHH[WHQGHGOHQJWKRIWXEHVVKRXOGEHPRUHWKDQ  PP )RU WKLV FRQVLGHUDWLRQ PP H[WHQGHG OHQJWK RI VKHOO DQG PP H[WHQGHG OHQJWK RI WXEHV ZHUH VHOHFWHGLQWKHPRGHO ,QWKLVVWXG\WKHPDWHULDOVDQGWKHLUHODVWLFSDUDPHWHUVRIWKHKHDWH[FKDQJHUDUHOLVWHGLQ7DEOH 7DEOH6SHFLILFSDUDPHWHUVRIPDWHULDOPRGHOV 3RVLWLRQRIVWUXFWXUH

WXEHVKHHW

VSKHULFDOKHDG

VKHOO

WXEHV

0DWHULDO

0Q0RČ

0Q1L0R5

45

6$


(

(

(

(

3RLVVRQ VUDWLR









278

J.Y. Liu et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285

7RHQVXUHWKHDFFXUDF\RIVLPXODWLRQ6ROLG 'VROLGHOHPHQW HOHPHQWLVXVHGWRPHVKDOOWKHVWUXFWXUHDV VKRZQLQ)LJ$QGWKHVXUIDFHPHVKRQWKHSHUIRUDWHGUHJLRQRIWXEHVKHHWLVVKRZQLQ)LJ7KHPHVKVL]HRIWKH PRGHOKDVSDVVHGWKHPHVKWHVW 

 )LJ0HVKRIWKHHQWLUHPRGHO



 )LJ6XUIDFHPHVKRQWKHSHUIRUDWHGUHJLRQRIWKHWXEHVKHHW

279

J.Y. Liu et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285

2.2. Boundary conditions $FFRUGLQJWRWKHWDEOHWKHSUHVVXUHRIWXEHVLGHLVPXFKKLJKHUWKDQWKHVKHOOVLGH VVRWKHGDQJHURXVVLWXDWLRQ RIWKHWXEHVKHHWLVPRUHOLNHO\WRRFFXUXQGHUWKHZRUNLQJFDVHZLWKWXEHVLGHSUHVVXUH7KHORDGLQJFRQGLWLRQVRIWKH PRGHO DUH VHW DV IROORZV WKH SUHVVXUH RQ WKH LQQHU VXUIDFH RI WXEHFKDQQHO DQG WXEHV DUH 03D DV WKH GHVLJQ SUHVVXUHLQ RUGHU WR NHHS WKH VDPH WRWDO IRUFH DSSOLHG E\ WKH SUHVVXUH RQ WKH 8WXEHV  WKH HTXLYDOHQW SUHVVXUH DSSOLHGRQWKHFURVVVHFWLRQVRIWKHHQGRIWXEHVZDVFDOFXODWHGDVIROORZLQJ

 p

t

S p u d  t  o S   d  d i  o

 u  u   u   

MPa 

 

ZKHUH S W LVWKHSUHVVXUHDWWKHWXEHVLGH GL LVWKHLQQHUGLDPHWHURIWXEHVDQG GR LVWKHRXWHUGLDPHWHURIWXEHV 7KH V\PPHWULF SODQH RI KHDW H[FKDQJHU LV VHW WR EH D V\PPHWULF ERXQGDU\ 7KH D[LDO DQG KRRS GLUHFWLRQV DUH FRQVWUDLQHGRQWKHFURVVVHFWLRQRIWKHHQGRIVKHOO%XWWKHGLVSODFHPHQWFRQGLWLRQVRQWKHFURVVVHFWLRQVRIWKHHQG RIWXEHVDUHIUHHERXQGDU\ 2.3. Path and optimize variables $VWKHVROLGHOHPHQWLVXVHGLQWKHVLPXODWLRQLWLVQHFHVVDU\WREXLOGWKHOLQHDUL]DWLRQSDWKRQWKHWXEHVKHHWWR OLQHDUL]HVWUHVVHVDORQJWKHWKLFNQHVV7KHWRWDOVHYHQSDWKVDUHEXLOWDVVKRZQLQ)LJDQG)LJDQGWKHORFDWLRQRI HDFKSDWKLVOLVWHGLQWDEOH 

 )LJ3DWKRQWKHWXEHVKHHW

280

J.Y. Liu et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285

 )LJ3DWKRQWKHWXEHVKHHW 7DEOH7KHORFDWLRQRISDWKV 3DWK180

ORFDWLRQRISDWK

3DWKGLUHFWLRQ



7XEHVKHHWFHQWHU

7XEHVKHHWD[LDO



7KHMXQFWLRQRIWXEHDQGWXEHVKHHWQHDUHVWWRWXEHVKHHWFHQWHU

7XEHVKHHWD[LDO



7KHWXEHVKHHWOLJDPHQW

7XEHVKHHWD[LDO



7KHMXQFWLRQRIWXEHDQGWXEHVKHHWQHDUHVWWRSDWK

7XEHVKHHWD[LDO



8QSHUIRUDWHGUHJLRQLQVLGH3HUIRUDWHGFLUFOH

7XEHVKHHWD[LDO



3HUIRUDWHGUHJLRQFLUFOH

7XEHVKHHWD[LDO



7KHORFDWLRQZLWKPD[LPXPVWUHVVRQFKDPIHULQJEHWZHHQVSKHULFDOKHDGDQG WXEHVKHHW

&KDPIHULQJWKLFNQHVVGLUHFWLRQ

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

0DWHULDODOORZDEOHVWUHVV LQWHQVLW\6P 03D 

.6P 03D 

.6P 03D 

7XEHVKHHW







7KHMXQFWLRQRIWXEHDQGWXEHVKHHW







&KDPIHULQJEHWZHHQVSKHULFDOKHDGDQG WXEHVKHHW







281

J.Y. Liu et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285

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

 )LJ6WUHVVLQWHQVLW\GLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHHQWLUHPRGHOZLWKWKHRSWLPL]HGWKLFNQHVV

282

J.Y. Liu et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285

 )LJ6WUHVVLQWHQVLW\GLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHHQWLUHPRGHOZLWKWKHRULJLQDOWKLFNQHVV

PHPEUDQHVWUHVVLQWHQVLW\ 03D

 3$7+ 3$7+ 3$7+ 3$7+ $OORZDEOHVWUHVVLQWHQVLW\

                    









WKLFNQHVVRIWXEHVKHHW P

 )LJ7KHPHPEUDQHVWUHVVLQWHQVLWLHVDWSDWKSDWKSDWKDQGSDWK

283

J.Y. Liu et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285 3$7+ 3$7+ 3$7+ $OORZDEOHVWUHVVLQWHQVLW\RISDWK $OORZDEOHVWUHVVLQWHQVLW\RISDWK

 

PHPEUDQHVWUHVVLQWHQVLW\ 03D

              









WKLFNQHVVRIWXEHVKHHW P

 )LJ7KHPHPEUDQHVWUHVVLQWHQVLWLHVDWSDWKSDWKDQGSDWK

PD[LPXPPHPEUDQHSOXVEHQGLQJVWUHVVLQWHQVLW\ 03D

 3$7+ 3$7+ 3$7+ 3$7+ $OORZDEOHVWUHVVLQWHQVLW\

               









WKLFNQHVVRIWXEHVKHHW P

 )LJ7KHPD[LPXPPHPEUDQHSOXVEHQGLQJVWUHVVLQWHQVLWLHVDWSDWKSDWKSDWKDQGSDWK

J.Y. Liu et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285

PD[LPXPPHPEUDQHSOXVEHQGLQJVWUHVVLQWHQVLW\ 03D

284

3$7+ 3$7+ 3$7+ $OORZDEOHVWUHVVLQWHQVLW\RISDWK $OORZDEOHVWUHVVLQWHQVLW\RISDWK

           









WKLFNQHVVRIWXEHVKHHW P

 )LJ7KHPD[LPXPPHPEUDQHSOXVEHQGLQJVWUHVVLQWHQVLWLHVDWSDWKSDWKDQGSDWK

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

)2VZHLOOHU (YROXWLRQ DQG V\QWKHVLV RI WKH HIIHFWLYH HODVWLF FRQVWDQWV FRQFHSW IRU WKH GHVLJQ RI WXEHVKHHWV -RXUQDO RI 3UHVVXUH 9HVVHO 7HFKQRORJ\7UDQVDFWLRQVRIWKH$60(   +DLOLDQJ/LX HW DO )LQLWH HOHPHQW DQDO\VLV RQ WKH WKLFN WXEH VKHHW E\ DGRSWLQJ HQWLW\ PRGHO 3HWURFKHPLFDO (TXLSPHQW 7HFKQRORJ\    .%HKVHWD 66FKLQGOHU 2Q WKH GHVLJQ RI WKH WXEHVKHHW DQG WKH WXEHVKHHWWRVKHOO MXQFWLRQ RI D IL[HG WXEHVKHHW KHDW H[FKDQJHU ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI3UHVVXUH9HVVHOVDQG3LSLQJ +RQJMLH
J.Y. Liu et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 (2015) 275 – 285 >@ >@ >@ >@

&KLQD*%76KHOODQG7XEH+HDW([FKDQJHU 7(0$6WDQGDUGRI7XEXODU([FKDQJHU0DQXIDFWXUHV$VVRFLDWLRQ -%6WHHO3UHVVXUH9HVVHOV'HVLJQE\$QDO\VLV $60($60(%RLOHUDQG3UHVVXUH9HVVHO&RGH6HFWLRQ9,,,'LYLVLRQ

285