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Lipid-soluble antioxidants in cord blood
SERUM LIPID PEROXIDE AND NUTRITIONAL ANTIOXIDANTS VlTAMINS-BI, C, E AND PROVITAMIN-A] IN STEROID RESPONSIVE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN Joseph L Mathew, Department ofPaediatrics, Moulana Azad Medical CoIlege, New Delhi, India Despite intense research, particularly over the last two decades, the exact aetiopathogenesis of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome remains elusive. in recent years, free radical mediated cytoxicity has been demonstrated in several conditions involving the kidney. This study was undertaken to assess free radical activity [serum lipid peroxide] and the status of nutritional antioxidants viz., vitamins B1, C, E and provitamin A in children with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome. Thirty children with nephrotic syndrome [ISKDC criteria] were included in the study group and assessed for levels of serum lipid peroxide serum beta carotene [provitamio A] serum and erythrocyte CLtocopherol [vitamin E] [leukocyte ascorbate] vitamin C and erythrocyte riboflavin. The children were then administered corticosteroid therapy. The same battery of investigations was repeated two to four weeks atIer patients went into remission. An equal number of age and sex matched healthy children served as controls for the study. The study has shown significantly increased lipid peroxidation in children of nephrotic syndrome during the acute proteinuric phase as compared to controls. The elevated levels of lipid peroxide tend to return towards normal following induction of remission by steroid therapy. However, the levels do not normalise even up to four weeks after remission, suggesting that complete biochemical remission may take longer than clinical remission. The study has also found significantly lower levels of the major nutritional antioxidants viz., vitamin C, E and provitamin A; during the proteinuric phase of nephrotic syndrome. This suggests that these vitamins are depleted owing to increased consumption because of the oxidative stress imposed during the proteimnic phase. Further, the levels tended to return towards normal during remission. Taken together, these observation show that there is increased level of free radical reaction products viz., lipid peroxide and depletion of nutritional antioxidants [vitamin C, E and pro-vitamin A] during the proteinuric phase in nephrotic chihlren. This points to a potential role of free radical mediated cytotoxicity in the aetiopathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome.
LIPID THE EFFECT OF LITHIUM ON PEROXIDATION S. Muhtaroglu, A. Coskun, M. ijstdal Department of Biochemistv, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
LIPID-SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANTS IN CORD BLOOD T. Yli-Kyyny, S. Andersson, R. Lapatto Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Finland Radical oxygen species and lipid peroxidation have been postulated to play a role in the pathophysiology of a number of perinatal problems. Hence the lipid-soluble antioxidants could be important protective agents. We investigated the plasma levels of vitamin E, ubiquinone, carotenoids and cholesterol in 20 healthy full-term infants delivered by caesarean section. The blood samples were drawn immediately after the delivery from both the umbilical artery and vein. The plasma was separated within 5 minutes and samples stored at -80°C. The levels of the antioxidants were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. We found no significant difference in the levels of the antioxidants between the umbilical artery and vein. The venous cholesterol-adjusted levels (pmol/mmol cholesterol; Mea&SD) for vitamin E and ubiquinone were 4.3f1.2 and 0.1+0.04, respectively. The mean cholesterol level (mmol/liter; Mean&SD) was 1.8+0.3. The levels of the carotenoids were barely detectable. In conclusion it seems 1) that carotenoids may not have a major role in the antioxidant-defence of a newborn and 2) that the levels of these antioxidants can be accurately measured from mixed umbilical venous blood since no concentration-gradient across the placenta exists.
THE EFFECT OF MELATONIN ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN S-NUCLEOTIDASE IN CASE OF ACUTE HYPOXIA I. Zamorsky Department of Pathophysiology, Bucovinian State Medical Academy, ChernovtsyS Ukraine
The use of lithium over the last 5 decades has dramatically affected both diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry. As a prophylactic drug for bipolar affective disorder lithium significantly decreased the frequency and severity of both manic and depressive attacks in about 80 % of patients. It has been shown that in hypoxic patients, after administration of lithium, the concentration of MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, has declined. The purpose of the present study was to examine the affect of lithium on lipid peroxidation in bipolar affective disorder patients. This study was performed on 95 individuals, subjects were divided into 4 groups. Serum MDA and lithium levels were measured as indicated below.
The object of our research was a study of the effect of melatonin on the activity of 5’-nucleotidase (S-N) in the cerebral cortex of juvenile 5-6 weeks old rats under conditions of acute hypobaric hypoxia. Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally in the dose of 1 mg per kg of body weight 30 minutes prior to hypoxia modulation. Acute hypoxia was achieved in an altitude chamber by aspirating the air to the pressure equivalent to an altitude of 12,000 metres. Euthanasia of rats was accomplished 30 minutes after hypoxia modulation. The 5’-N activity was assessed on the basis of an increase of the inorganic phosphate after adding adenosine-5’-monophosphate disodiumsalt as substrate. It has been found out that neither the administration of melatonin nor acute hypoxia separately alter the 5’-N activity in the cerebral cortex. However, acute hypoxia at the background of the administration of melatonin enhances the 5’-N activity by 18% on the average (PcO.05) compared with that obtained in control animals. It may be assumed that acute hypoxia promotes the manifestation of the activating effect of melatonin on the adenosine synthesis implemented via an elevation of the 5’-N activity in the neurons of the brain.
~1
* Significantly different P < 0.05 We concluded that lithium administration significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in comparison to the control.
270
LIPID THE EFFECT OF LITHIUM ON PEROXIDATION S. Muhtaroglu, A. Coskun, M. ijstdal Department of Biochemistv, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
LIPID-SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANTS IN CORD BLOOD T. Yli-Kyyny, S. Andersson, R. Lapatto Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Finland Radical oxygen species and lipid peroxidation have been postulated to play a role in the pathophysiology of a number of perinatal problems. Hence the lipid-soluble antioxidants could be important protective agents. We investigated the plasma levels of vitamin E, ubiquinone, carotenoids and cholesterol in 20 healthy full-term infants delivered by caesarean section. The blood samples were drawn immediately after the delivery from both the umbilical artery and vein. The plasma was separated within 5 minutes and samples stored at -80°C. The levels of the antioxidants were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. We found no significant difference in the levels of the antioxidants between the umbilical artery and vein. The venous cholesterol-adjusted levels (pmol/mmol cholesterol; Mea&SD) for vitamin E and ubiquinone were 4.3f1.2 and 0.1+0.04, respectively. The mean cholesterol level (mmol/liter; Mean&SD) was 1.8+0.3. The levels of the carotenoids were barely detectable. In conclusion it seems 1) that carotenoids may not have a major role in the antioxidant-defence of a newborn and 2) that the levels of these antioxidants can be accurately measured from mixed umbilical venous blood since no concentration-gradient across the placenta exists.
THE EFFECT OF MELATONIN ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN S-NUCLEOTIDASE IN CASE OF ACUTE HYPOXIA I. Zamorsky Department of Pathophysiology, Bucovinian State Medical Academy, ChernovtsyS Ukraine
The use of lithium over the last 5 decades has dramatically affected both diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry. As a prophylactic drug for bipolar affective disorder lithium significantly decreased the frequency and severity of both manic and depressive attacks in about 80 % of patients. It has been shown that in hypoxic patients, after administration of lithium, the concentration of MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, has declined. The purpose of the present study was to examine the affect of lithium on lipid peroxidation in bipolar affective disorder patients. This study was performed on 95 individuals, subjects were divided into 4 groups. Serum MDA and lithium levels were measured as indicated below.
The object of our research was a study of the effect of melatonin on the activity of 5’-nucleotidase (S-N) in the cerebral cortex of juvenile 5-6 weeks old rats under conditions of acute hypobaric hypoxia. Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally in the dose of 1 mg per kg of body weight 30 minutes prior to hypoxia modulation. Acute hypoxia was achieved in an altitude chamber by aspirating the air to the pressure equivalent to an altitude of 12,000 metres. Euthanasia of rats was accomplished 30 minutes after hypoxia modulation. The 5’-N activity was assessed on the basis of an increase of the inorganic phosphate after adding adenosine-5’-monophosphate disodiumsalt as substrate. It has been found out that neither the administration of melatonin nor acute hypoxia separately alter the 5’-N activity in the cerebral cortex. However, acute hypoxia at the background of the administration of melatonin enhances the 5’-N activity by 18% on the average (PcO.05) compared with that obtained in control animals. It may be assumed that acute hypoxia promotes the manifestation of the activating effect of melatonin on the adenosine synthesis implemented via an elevation of the 5’-N activity in the neurons of the brain.
~1
* Significantly different P < 0.05 We concluded that lithium administration significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in comparison to the control.
270