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Liquefaction of sand due to multidirectional cyclic stress. Technical note
I~3A
835077
EFFECTS OF LARGE PRESHEARING ON CYCLIC BEHAVIOUR OF SAND Ishihara, K; 0kada, S Soils Found, %'22, N3, Sept 1982, P109-125 A study was made of the effects of preshearlng without residual strain on samd by means of 2 series of cyclic triaxial shear tests. In the first series, the samples were subjected to a large axial strain from a state of triaxial extension to zero strain at the end of cyclic loadlr~. After reconsolidation, the specimens were again subjected to the same sequence of cyclic stress as before. In the second series, the samples were subjected to an axial strain from a state of triaxial compression to zero strain between the 2 Dhases of cyclic Iceding. Results indicate that the resistance to later liquefaction of a sand which has been previo~u~ly liquefied depends not only on the magnitude of preshear but also its direction.
835078
LIQUEFACTION OF SAND DUE TO MULTIDIRECTIONAL CYCLIC STRESS. TECHNICAL NOTE Tok~-~tsu, K; Yoa~1,.~, Y Soils Found, V22, N3, sept 1982, P126-130 Earthquake motions causing liquefaction of soils are multidirectionsl, although most evaluations of liquefaction reaistamce are based on the simplifying assmnption of unidirectional cyclic shear stresses. A method is presented to est~-~te the effeCt of multidirectional shaking on sand, on the basis of 2 parameters easily determined from urdsxlal cyclic shear tests on saturated sand u~der urdrained comditioms.
835079 CYCLIC UNDRAINED STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF DENSE SANDS BY TORSIONAL SIMPLE SHEAR TEST Tatsuoka, F; Muramatsu, M; Sasaki, T Soils Found, V22, N2, June 1982, I~5-70 Cyclic tc~sional simple shear tests were performed to assess the liquefaction characteristics of sards having a wide ranEe of density. It was found that specimens havimg densities larger than the critical value had considerably larger resistances against liquefaction. It was also founl that, fo~ dense specimens, clean, uniform, fime sand tested had a cyclic undrained strerg~h larger than medium fine sand tested which had some fine contents.
835o8o
ON CYCLIC DEGRADATION OF CLAY (IN ITALIAN) Hueckel, T; Nova, R Riv Ital Geotech, VlS, I~., OCt-Dec 1981,
1:~23-23~
A constitutive model is used to predict the stremgth ani deformation behavlour of a clay subjected to cyclic loading in ideal stress cr strain controlled m ~ a i n e d teats. The results are in good agreement with available experimental data.
Classification and identification
Modifications to the United Soil Classification system in the form of additiomal symbols fur geologic material and excavation characteristics and its extension to include rock masses are proposed. Auth. 835082 CASE FOR THE EXTENSION OF THE UNIFIED SOIL CLASSI. FICATION S Y ~ . TECHNICAL NOTE M1rza, C Can Geotech J, ~flg, N3, Aug 1982, P388-391 Proposes an extension to the Unified Soil Classification system to incc~porate the geological origin of the material being classified.
Geology 835083 GEOLOGY OF THE CITY OF LOND BEACH, CALIFORNIA, D~I'Awm STATES OF AMERICA Ranlell, D H; Resrdon, J B; Hileman, J A Bull Assoc Engr~ Geol, V20, NI, Feb 1983,
~9-96
Describes the geology amd geotechnical characteristics of Long Beach, which is bisected by a major and active fault system. The city is a centre for petroleum production. Geological constraints are discussed: fault identification and displacement, land subsidence, liquefaction and earthquake-induced settlement, tsunami, flooding, marsh areas, shallow groundwater, expansive soils a~d slope stability. The seismic record of t h e city is examined and details of particular earthquakes given. Envirormmntal problems are examined: the water supply, disposal of waste water and solid waste, and shc~eline protection. 151 refs. 83508;~ ORIGIN OF FRACTURE POROSITY - EXAMPLE FROM ALTAMONT FIELD, UTAN Neff, W; Currie, J B Bull Am Assoc Petrol Geol, V66, Ng, Sept 1982, P1231-12~7 The model l~esented l~edicts that the stress history f ~ Colton a~d Flagstaff strata of the Uinta basin, Utah led to the develo~nent of matural subsurface fractures and thus the Altamor~ reservoir rock should exhibit fracture porosity. 835085 ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF LATERAL INSTABILITY IN HIGHLY STRESSED, NEAR-SURFACE ROCE STRATA Rocrda, J; Thompson, J C; White, 0 L Can Geotech J, VIg, N~, Nov 1982, P~51-462 Based on an analytical investigation, the behaviour of instabilities Qf the near-surface l~essure-ridge type fc~ highly stressed sedimentary rocks is examined. The minimum value of in situ stress is established for which a stratum will buckle. This value is found to depend on the i n s t ~ n e o u s Yot%r~'s mcd~.l~us, the stratum thickness, the weight of overburden, and the stresses mobilised between over- and underlying material.
See also: 835060, 835306
83~o81 TOWARDS A UNIFIED SOIL AND ROCK CLASSIFICATION. TECHNICAL NOTE Netterberg, F; Welnert, H H Bull Assoc E~gmg Geol, V20, NI, Feb 1983,
~-lOO
835086 GLACIAL TERRAIN MAP OF BRITAIN FOR ENGINEERING IRmPOSES Eyles, N; Dearman, W R Int Assoc Engng Geol, N24, Dec 1981,
m73-184
835077
EFFECTS OF LARGE PRESHEARING ON CYCLIC BEHAVIOUR OF SAND Ishihara, K; 0kada, S Soils Found, %'22, N3, Sept 1982, P109-125 A study was made of the effects of preshearlng without residual strain on samd by means of 2 series of cyclic triaxial shear tests. In the first series, the samples were subjected to a large axial strain from a state of triaxial extension to zero strain at the end of cyclic loadlr~. After reconsolidation, the specimens were again subjected to the same sequence of cyclic stress as before. In the second series, the samples were subjected to an axial strain from a state of triaxial compression to zero strain between the 2 Dhases of cyclic Iceding. Results indicate that the resistance to later liquefaction of a sand which has been previo~u~ly liquefied depends not only on the magnitude of preshear but also its direction.
835078
LIQUEFACTION OF SAND DUE TO MULTIDIRECTIONAL CYCLIC STRESS. TECHNICAL NOTE Tok~-~tsu, K; Yoa~1,.~, Y Soils Found, V22, N3, sept 1982, P126-130 Earthquake motions causing liquefaction of soils are multidirectionsl, although most evaluations of liquefaction reaistamce are based on the simplifying assmnption of unidirectional cyclic shear stresses. A method is presented to est~-~te the effeCt of multidirectional shaking on sand, on the basis of 2 parameters easily determined from urdsxlal cyclic shear tests on saturated sand u~der urdrained comditioms.
835079 CYCLIC UNDRAINED STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF DENSE SANDS BY TORSIONAL SIMPLE SHEAR TEST Tatsuoka, F; Muramatsu, M; Sasaki, T Soils Found, V22, N2, June 1982, I~5-70 Cyclic tc~sional simple shear tests were performed to assess the liquefaction characteristics of sards having a wide ranEe of density. It was found that specimens havimg densities larger than the critical value had considerably larger resistances against liquefaction. It was also founl that, fo~ dense specimens, clean, uniform, fime sand tested had a cyclic undrained strerg~h larger than medium fine sand tested which had some fine contents.
835o8o
ON CYCLIC DEGRADATION OF CLAY (IN ITALIAN) Hueckel, T; Nova, R Riv Ital Geotech, VlS, I~., OCt-Dec 1981,
1:~23-23~
A constitutive model is used to predict the stremgth ani deformation behavlour of a clay subjected to cyclic loading in ideal stress cr strain controlled m ~ a i n e d teats. The results are in good agreement with available experimental data.
Classification and identification
Modifications to the United Soil Classification system in the form of additiomal symbols fur geologic material and excavation characteristics and its extension to include rock masses are proposed. Auth. 835082 CASE FOR THE EXTENSION OF THE UNIFIED SOIL CLASSI. FICATION S Y ~ . TECHNICAL NOTE M1rza, C Can Geotech J, ~flg, N3, Aug 1982, P388-391 Proposes an extension to the Unified Soil Classification system to incc~porate the geological origin of the material being classified.
Geology 835083 GEOLOGY OF THE CITY OF LOND BEACH, CALIFORNIA, D~I'Awm STATES OF AMERICA Ranlell, D H; Resrdon, J B; Hileman, J A Bull Assoc Engr~ Geol, V20, NI, Feb 1983,
~9-96
Describes the geology amd geotechnical characteristics of Long Beach, which is bisected by a major and active fault system. The city is a centre for petroleum production. Geological constraints are discussed: fault identification and displacement, land subsidence, liquefaction and earthquake-induced settlement, tsunami, flooding, marsh areas, shallow groundwater, expansive soils a~d slope stability. The seismic record of t h e city is examined and details of particular earthquakes given. Envirormmntal problems are examined: the water supply, disposal of waste water and solid waste, and shc~eline protection. 151 refs. 83508;~ ORIGIN OF FRACTURE POROSITY - EXAMPLE FROM ALTAMONT FIELD, UTAN Neff, W; Currie, J B Bull Am Assoc Petrol Geol, V66, Ng, Sept 1982, P1231-12~7 The model l~esented l~edicts that the stress history f ~ Colton a~d Flagstaff strata of the Uinta basin, Utah led to the develo~nent of matural subsurface fractures and thus the Altamor~ reservoir rock should exhibit fracture porosity. 835085 ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF LATERAL INSTABILITY IN HIGHLY STRESSED, NEAR-SURFACE ROCE STRATA Rocrda, J; Thompson, J C; White, 0 L Can Geotech J, VIg, N~, Nov 1982, P~51-462 Based on an analytical investigation, the behaviour of instabilities Qf the near-surface l~essure-ridge type fc~ highly stressed sedimentary rocks is examined. The minimum value of in situ stress is established for which a stratum will buckle. This value is found to depend on the i n s t ~ n e o u s Yot%r~'s mcd~.l~us, the stratum thickness, the weight of overburden, and the stresses mobilised between over- and underlying material.
See also: 835060, 835306
83~o81 TOWARDS A UNIFIED SOIL AND ROCK CLASSIFICATION. TECHNICAL NOTE Netterberg, F; Welnert, H H Bull Assoc E~gmg Geol, V20, NI, Feb 1983,
~-lOO
835086 GLACIAL TERRAIN MAP OF BRITAIN FOR ENGINEERING IRmPOSES Eyles, N; Dearman, W R Int Assoc Engng Geol, N24, Dec 1981,
m73-184