List of contents and author index volume 10 1979

GeneralPharmacology EDITOR

Professor G. A. KERKUT, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO9 3TU, England ASSISTANT

EDITOR

Dr G. N. WOODRUFF, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO9 3TU, England HONORARY

EDITORIAL

ADVISORY

BOARD

H. KURLYAMA (Fukuoka) G. B. KOELLE (Philadelphia) G. D. H. LEACH (Bradford) L. LYTLE (Santa Barbara) G. PETERS (Lausanne) J. W. PHILLIS (Winnipeg) M. ROCHA E. SILVA (Sgo Paula) D. W. STRAUGHAN (London) R. WERMAN (Jerusalem)

M. H. APRISON (Indianapolis) R. W. BRIMBLECOMBE (Welwyn) B. B. BRODIE (Tucson) G. BURNSTOCK (London) F. V. DE FEUDIS (Strasbourg) V. ERSPAMER (Rome) E. FLOREY (Konstanz) H. M. GERSCHENFELD (Paris) L. I. GOLDBERG (Chicago) M. J. GREENBERG (Tallahassee)

P&/i&ing Office: Journals Production Unit, Hennock Road, Marsh Barton, Exeter EX2 8RP, England (Tel. Exeter 74 12 1; Telex 42749) Subscription and Advertising Ofices:

Headington

Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 OBW, England (Oxford 64881)

Annual Subscription Rates 1980

For libraries, reader institutions

university departments, $127.00. Two-year rate

government laboratories, industrial and other $241.30 (including postage and insurance).

multi-

Specially Reduced Rates to Individuals In the interests of maximizing the dissemination

of the research results published in this important international journal we have established a two-tier price structure. Any individual, whose institution takes out a library subscription, may purchase a second or additional subscription for personal use at the reduced rate of $35.00 per annum. Subscription enquiries from customers in North America should be sent to : Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523, U.S.A., and for the remainder of the world to : Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 OBW, England. Microform Subscriptions and Back Issues Back issues of all previously published volumes are available in the regular editions and on microfilm and microfiche. Current subscriptions are available on microfiche simultaneously with the paper edition, and on microfilm on completion of the annual index at the end of the subscription year. Published Bi-monthly Copyright 0 1979 Pergamon Press Limited lt is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright for tear article is transferred to the publisher if ar.d when the article is accepted for publication. However, assignment of copyright is not required from authors who work for organizations which do not permit such assignment. The copyright covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, photographic reproductions, microform or any other reproductions of similar nature and ,translations. ,No part Of this publicati,on may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetw tape. mechanxal, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the copwght holder. U.S. Copyright Law applicable to “sew in the U.S.A. The Article Fee Code on the first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner’s consent that in the U.S.A. copies may be made for personal or internal use, provided the stated fee for copy@ beyond that permitted by Section,lO’l or 108 of the United States Copyright Law is paid. The appropriate remittance should be forwarded wth a COPYof the first page ofthe article to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., PO Box 765, Schenectady, NY 12301. If a code does not appear copies of the article may be made without charge, provided permission is obtained from the publisher. The copyright owner’s wnsent does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works or for resale. Specific written permission must be obtained from the publisher for such copying. In case of doubt please contact Your nearest Pcraamon office.

PERGAMON

HEADINGTON MAXWELL

HOUSE,

HILL FAIRVIEW

HALL, PARK,

PRESS

OXFORD

OX3 OBW, ENGLAND

ELMSFORD,

NEW

YORK

10523, U.S.A.

CONTENTS

OF VOLUME Vol.10. No.

10

1

Review 1

R. E. Buckingham and T. C. Hamilton

/I-adrenoceptor blocking drugs and hypertension

Minireuiew

15

Augmented secretion

D. 0. Nelson and A. W. Mangel

19

Acetylcholine induced smooth muscle

Lynne Barratt and Henry Huddart

21

Spontaneous activity and related calcium movements of fish intestinal smooth muscle. The effect of depolarization, caffeine and lanthanum

Carl M. Mend4 and Richard R. Almon

31

Roy P. Forster and Jo Ann Hannatin

41

Associations of [3H]dihydroalprenolol with biological membranes Influence of a genetically determined atropinesterase on atropine inhibition of the “smoke (dive) reflex” in rabbits

Judith W. Rosenthal

47

Effects of colchicine and trimethoxybenzene on glucose oxidation in isolated brown fat cells from rats

J. G. Sinclair and A. F. Tien

51

L. Gailis

57

Neuronal responses to ketamine administered microiontophoretically or intraperitoneally in the rat Heat inactivation of leucine[“‘Cl incorporation into heart slices: potentiation by ethanol

D. Templeton General Papers

Julien Vallieres,

Claude Cote and Ludwik Bukowiecki

63

slow-waves

in cat

esophageal

Regulation of /I-adrenergic receptors in rat skeletal muscles by catecholamines in uiuo

69

Book reviews

Vol. 10, No. 2 Minireuiew

71

Mechanisms of antipyretic action

Barbara K. Evans, Mary Honey and Geoffrey Bumstock

19

Mark J. Reasor and Elizabeth R. Walker

83

Interaction in uivo between chronically administered guanethidine and imipramine Lysosomal stabilizing effect of chlorphentermine in the rabbit alvoelar macrophage

Wesley G. Clark General Papers

Adam Kolataj, Alicja Malik, Krystyna Karasiuska Danuta Tyrawska-Spychalowa

and

89

Effect of insulin on concentration chick blood

Adam Kolataj, Alicja Malik, Krystyna Karasiuska Danuta Tyrawska-Spychalowa

and

93

Relationship between sulfhydryl groups in the blood of chicken before and after adrenaline injection

91 103

Propranolol and brain histamine: acute and chronic effects Interactions of ionophores (A23187 and X-537A) with sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum

I. M. Mazurkiewicz-Kwilecki Susan Jean Sulakhe and Prakash V. Sulakhe J. W. Phillis and J. R. Kirkpatrick Bernard Bioulac, Elaine de Tinguy-Moreaud, Didier Vincent and Eugene Neuzil

Jean-

G. M. Lew Horst W. Peter, Andreas Gies, Martina Regina Schadler and Irmhild Wegener

Neumeier,

115 121

of suflhydryl groups in

Action of biogenic amines on the isolated toad spinal cord Neuroactive properties of phosphonic amino acids

127

Circadian changes in norepinephrine lowing administration of estrogen

133

Influence of the naturally occurring polyamines sperrnine, spermidine and putrescine on the kinetic properties of acetylcholinesterase. Comparative studies with the acetylcholinesterases from the central nervous system of Manduca sextu and of the synaptic plasma membrane of rat brain

turnover in rats fol-

Jo& Luis Iborra, Arturo Manjbn, Mariano Jo& Antonio Lozano

Tari and

Rolf A. Lsvstad Gabriel Hocman, Anton Bbzner, Ivan &nir and Hana Ho&tack6

Vladimir

Lackovir,

143

Activation of frog epidermis on a solid support

tyrosinase

by immobilization

147

Activating effect of copper ions on the interaction loplasmin with catecholamines

153

Urinary proteins inhibit fibroblast proliferation

of ceru-

Vol. 10, No. 3 Minireview 159

New aspects of the toxicology lizidine alkaloids

169

Variations of chlorpromazine-related cemic response in mice

John T. Burns and Albert H. Meier

173

DL-p-chlorophenylalanine effects in thirteen-lined ground squirrels and golden hamsters: evidence for serotonergic regulation of hibernation

Y. T. Chun, T. T. Yip, K. L. Lau, Y. C. Kong and U. Sankawa

177

A biochemical in rats

David S. Madge

183

Effects of a polychlorinated biphenyl, Kanechlor 400, on intestinal solute transport and fluid transfer in mice

P. H. Wu and J. W. Phillis

189

Receptor-mediated (Na+-K+) ATPase

193

Bicuculline-sensitive GABA binding to a synaptosomeenriched fraction of rat cerebral cortex in the presence of a physiological concentration of sodium

D. C. Eikenburg and J. L. Stickney

195

Anti-cholinesterase activity tionship to bradycardia

Stephen F. Flaim, John A. Zora and Robert Zelis

201

Digoxin vascular

C. C. A. Reis and R. Scivoletto

207

Stores of catecholamines involved in sympathomimetic tivity of epsilon-aminocaproic acid

J. G. Priego, M. L. Maroto, M. Piiia and R. E. Catalan

215

Effects of etofibrate, clofibrate and nicotinic metabolism in normolipemic rats

M. M. Vohra

221

Evidence for the presence the rat vas deferens

Andrew Crawford and Stephen Safe

227

4-chlorobiphenyl inducers

Peter C. Baker, Kenneth M. Hoff and Cecilie A. Goodrich

233

The effects of reserpine upon body weight, brain and brain indoleamine stores in maturing mice

Eino Hietanen and Kai Palkonen

239

Hepatic and extrahepatic induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in specific pathogen free and germ free rats

Wesley G. Clark

249

Naloxone resistant changes in body temperature of the cat induced by intracerebroventricular injection of pentazocine

Myung K. Park and Paul H. Sheridan

257

Alpha- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms newborn rabbits and guinea-pigs

Jiann-Wu Wei and Prakash V. Sulakhe

263

Regional and subcellular distribution of fi- and a-adrenergic receptors in the myocardium of different species

Jerzy Wrbbel, Lucyna Michalska

269

Inhibition biguanides

Stephen F. Flaim and Arnold C. L. Hsieh

275

Effects of cold-acclimation rabbit carotid artery

Book Reviews

279

Ryan J. Huxtable

and pharmacology

of pyrro-

General Papers G. L. Wannarka,

H. P. Fletcher and R. C. Schnell

Francis V. DeFeudis, Michel Maitre, Alice Elkouby and Paul Mandel

Lucienne Ossula

and Gabriela Nagel

isosteres

study on the hypotensive

effect of berberine

stimulation homogenates

noradrenaline in rat brain cortical

of

of intestinal

of b,-inhibitory the

calcium

of

I-a-acetylmethadol:

potentiation of the norepinephrine smooth muscle

metabolism:

on the gly-

rela-

response

in ac-

acid on lipid

adrenoceptors

effects

transport

of

in

chemical weight

in the aorta

of

by antidiabetic

on p-adrenergic

receptors

of

in relation

to

Vol. 10, No. 4 Minireviews F. V. DeFeudis

281

Environment and central neurotransmitters learning, memory and behavior

Bradley V. Clineschmidt

287

MK-212:

a serotonin-like

agonist

in the CNS

291

Mechanism

Modesto C. Ruhio

291

Physical state of tyrosine nerve endings

Carl E. Aronson and Nora H. Guerrero

303

Effects of PGB,

309

Formanilide

J. G. Priego, M. L. Maroto, M. Piiia and R. E. CatalPn

315

Effects of etofibrate, clofibrate and nicotinic metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats

1. G. Wright

319

The kallikrein-kinin system and its role in the hypotensive shock syndrome of animals infected with the haemoprotozoan parasites Babesia, Plasmodium and Trypanosoma

D. T. Okpako and F. 0. Aladitan

321

The effect of varying the concentration the actions of indomethacin and PGEl

P. S. McCarthy, R. J. Walker, H. Yajima, K. Kitagawa and G. N. Woodruff

331

The action of neurotensin accumbens and cerebellum

Ruben Budelli, Rinaldo Canalis and Humberto Bracho

335

Etrects of ouabain and ethacrynic acid on the potentials of neuroepithelial cells in the inner ear

Book Reviews

339

Budh D. Bhagat

of the antihypertensive

effect of propranolol

General Papers

Mario Urbaneja and Charles 0. Knowles

hydroxylase

on the isolated

inhibition

in the ganglia

perfused

of rat brain

and

rat heart

monoamine

oxidase acid on lipid

of calcium ions on in guinea-pig feum

on neurones of the rat

in the

nucleus resting

T/al. 10. No. 5 Reviews Dorothy E. Rees

341

The mechanism of induction of the microsomal droxylating system in rat liver by phenobarbital

Arun R. Wakade

351

Recent neuron

J. L. Stickney and J. D. Keedy

359

Cardiac species

N. N. Osborne, V. Neuhoff, H. Cremer, P. Wand and K.-H. Sontag

363

Electromyographical and biochemical studies on mutant Han-Wistar rats with progressive spastic paresis

J. Z. Byczkowski

and R. Borysewicz

369

The action of chlorpromazine mitochondria

Godfrey TunniclilT and That T. Ngo

313

Involvement of arginine residues catechol-O-methyltransferase

John Helal Jr, Frank J. Macri and Stanley J. Cevario

371

Timolol

N. Chand, L. DeRoth and L. P. Phaneuf

381

Pharmacological swine

L. G. Stephens-Newsham, and Heather Banns

385

Choline

Carl E. Aronson and Elaine R. S. Hanno

389

Effects of promethazine

R. Hissa, J. C. George, R. J. Etches and S. Saarela

391

Effects of peripheral noradrenaline administration on certain blood metabolite and hormonal levels in the pigeon

M. M. Vohra

405

An inhibitory deferens

L. Farlin and U. Lidman

411

O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole by mixed function oxidase system of the rainbow trout (Saltno gairdneri) liver

M. T. Lin

411

Effect of chemical sympathectomy on thermoregulatory sponses of rats to different ambient temperatures

developments

in degeneration

drug

hy-

of the sympathetic

General Papers

Catherine Hebb, S. P. Mann

effects of 1-a-acetylmethadol

inhibition

of aqueous evaluation

acetyltransferase

action

(LAAM)

and imipramine

in different

on rat brain

in the catalytic

humor

production

activity

of

in the cat

of the lung strip of neonatal

in the equine on the isolated

of histamine

spleen perfused

rat heart

on the rat isolated

vas

re-

Vol. 10, No. 6 Francis V. DeFeudis, Lucienne Ossola, Alice Elkouby, Pierre Wolff and Paul Mandel

423

Effects of @-alanine, L-2,Cdiaminobutyric acid on the sodium-dependent binding brain particles

H. Wolfgang

421

Effect of dietary phospholipids on acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat brain and on phospholipid composition in liver and brain

433

Influence of a lipid diet on the amounts and polyamines in rat brain

Heger

H. Wolfgang Heger

and Horst W. Peter

acid and nipecotic of [3H]GABA to

of phospholipids

Rolf A. Lsvstad

437

Activating effect of chlorpromazine lysed oxidation of catecholamines

D. R. Mottram and R. J. Pate1

441

Peripheral effects of fenfluramine of 5-hydroxytryptamine

R. A. Akhtar and A. A. Abdel-Latif

445

Effects of acetylcholine and norepinephrine uptake and efflux in rabbit iris smooth muscle

Francis V. DeFeudis,

451

Comparison of the “specific” [3H]muscimol to a particulate

455

Effects of etofibrate, cyclic AMP-protein

S. Rashid and J. F. Waterfall

459

Cardiovascular actions of meptazinol pentazocine and morphine

Chiravat Sadavongvivad, Paitoon Sanvarinda, Supeenun Saneha, Sompon Wanwimolruk and Jutamaad Satayavivad

465

Andrenoceptor subtypes blockades in mammalian

Nirupama

471

Effects of aflatoxin B1 on rat peritoneal mouse fibroblasts (L-M cells)

S. L. Levin

475

Immediate transformation of the choline-negative atropine into a choline-positive one in denervated salivary gland by reflex stimulation

Tsuyoshi Karashima and Yutaka Takata

477

The effects of ATP related compounds activity of the rat portal vein

489

Analysis

Charles 0. Knowles and Herman J. Benezet

499

Inhibition of ethanol and acetate metabolism chlordimeform and related compounds

M. Svelte, M. Perrini, G. Signorile and C. Lippe

505

Double noradrenaline eflect on nonelectrolyte permeability explained by u and p receptors stimulation in frog skin

Hikaru Suzuki, Masahiro Kamata, Seigo Kitano and Hirosi Kuriyama

511

Differences in electrical properties of longitudinal circular muscle cells of the rabbit rectum

Albert J. Banes, Susan Nebes, Ralph E. Smith and Gerald L. Mechanic

521

DMSO infected

Allen B. Rawitch, Roger Rohrer Richard M. Vardaris

525

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol preferential accumulation

531

The effects of catecholamines on the smooth muscle cell membrane of the rat portal vein in various ionic solutions

Lucienne Ossola and Paul Mandel

R. E. Catalin, M. D. Aragones, M. Armijo and J. G. Priego

Mohapatra

A. M. Martinez,

and John F. Roberts

G. W. 0. Oliver, G. P. Rose, R. W. Brimblecombe B. H. Livett

Yutaka Takata

and

and

of Y-maze

on the peroxidase-catamediated

via the release on

45Ca

binding of C3H]GABA fraction of rat brain

and

clofibrate and nicotinic kinase system in rats

and their atria

learning

normalizes collagen chick embryo cells

acid

on the

in comparison

with

cholinoceptor-induced

macrophages,

and

effect of human

on the electrical

in mice using cycloheximide

synthesis

in

in mice by

and

MAV-2(O)-

uptake by adipose in gonadal fat organs

tissue:

AUTHOR Vol. 10, ABDEL-LATIF445 AKHTAR R. A. 445 ALADITAN F. 0. 327 ALMON R. R. 31 ARAGONESM. D. 455 ARON~~N C. E. 303, 389 ARMIJOM. 455 BAKER P. C. 233 BANES A. J. 521 BARRATTL. 21 BANNS H. 385 BENEZETH. J. 499 BHAGAT B. D. 291 BIOULACB. 121 BORYSEWICZR. 369 BoZNER A. 153 BRACHOH. 335 BRIMBLECOMBE R. W. 489 BUCKINGHAMR. E. l(R) BUDELLIR. 335 BUKOWIECKIL. 63 BURNS J. T. 173 BURNSTOCKG. 79 BYCZKOWSKI J. Z. 369 CANALIS R. 335 CATALAN R. E. 215, 315, 455 CEVARIOS. J. 377 CHAND N. 381 CHUN Y. T. 177 CIZN.&RI. 153 CLARK W. G. 71,249 CLINESCHMIDT B. V. 287 COTE C. 63 CRAWFORDA. 227 CREMER H. 363 DEFEUDISF. V. 193, 281,423,451 DEROTH L. 381 EIKENBURGD. C. 195 ELKOUBYA. 193. 423 ETCHES R. J. 397 EVANS B. K. 79 FLAIM S. F. 275, 201 FLETCHERH. P. 169 F~RLIN L. 411 FORSTERR. P. 41 GAILIS L. 57 GEORGEJ. C. 397 GIES A. 133 G~~DRICH C. A. 233 GUERRERON. H. 303 HAMILTONT. C. 1 HANNAFINJ. A. 41 HANNO E. R. S. 389 HEBB C. 385 HEGER H. W. 427, 433 HELAL J. JR 377 HIETANENE. 239 HISSA R. 397 HOCMAN G. 153 HOFF K. M. 233 HONEY M. 79 HOSTACKAH. 153

INDEX Nos 16

HSIEHA. C. L. 275 HUDDART H. 21 HUXTABLER. J. 159 IBORRAJ. L. 143 KAMATA M. 511 KARASHIMAT. 477 KARASIASKAK. 89, 93 KEEDY J. D. 359 KIRKPATRICKJ. R. 115 KITAGAWA K. 331 KITANO S. 511 KNOWLES C. 9. 309,499 K~LATAI A. 89, 93 KONG Y. C. 177 KURIYAMA H. 511 LACKOV~EV. 153 LAU K. L. 177 LEVIN S. L. 475 LEW G. M. 127 LIDMAN U. 411 LIN M. T. 417 LIPPEC. 505 LIVETT489 L~VSTAD R. A. 147,437 LOZANO J. A. 143 MACXI F. J. 377 MADGE D. S. 183 MAITRE M. 193 MALIK A. 89,93 MANDEL P. 193,423,451 MANGEL A. W. 19

MANI~N A. 143 MANN S. P. 385 MAROTO M. L. 215, 315 MARTINEZ A. M. 455 MAZURKIEWICZ-KWILECKILM. 97 MCCARTHY P. S. 331 MECHANICG. L. 521

MEIERA. H. 173 MENDELC. M. 31 MICHALSKAL. 269 MOHAPATRAN. 471 MOTTRAMD. R. 441

PRIECO J. G. 215, 315,455 RASHID S. 459 RAWITCH A. B. 525 REAPERM. J. 83 REESD. E. 341 REIS C. C. A. 207 ROBERTSJ. F. 471 ROHRERR. 525 Rosa G. P. 489 ROSENTHALJ. W. 47 RUBIO M. C. 297 SAARELAS. 397 SADAVONGVIVADC. 465 SAFE S. 227 SANEHAS. 465 SANKAWA U. 177 SANVARINDAP. 465 SATAYAVIVADJ. 465 SCH~DBERR. 133 SCHNELLR. C. 169 SCIVOLETTO R. 207 SHERIDANP. H. 257 SIGNORILEG. 505 SINCLAIRJ. C. 51 SMITHR. E. 521 S~NTAG K.-H. 363 STEPHENS-NEWSHAM L. G. 385 STICKNEYJ. L. 195, 359 SULAKHEP. V. 103, 263 SULAKHES. J. 103 SUZUKI M. 511 SVELTOM. 505 TAKATA Y. 477, 531 TARI M. 143 TEMPLETOND. 15 (MR) TIEN A. F. 51 TINGUY M. E. DE 121 TUNNICLIFFG. 373 TYRAWSKA-SPYCHALOWAD. 89,93 URBANEIAM. 309 VALLII%RES J. 63 VARDARISR. M. 525 VINCENTJ.-D. 121 VOHRA M. M. 221,405

NAGEL G. 269

NEBESS. 521 NELSOND. 0. 19 NEUHOFFV. 363 NEUMEIERM. 133 NEUZIL E. 121 Nco T. T. 373 OKPAKO D. T. 327 OLIVER G. W. 0.489

OSBORNE N. N. 363 OSSOLA L. 193, 423,451 PARKM. K. 257 PATEL R. J. 441 PELKONENK. 239 PERRINIM. 505 PETERH. W. 133. 433 PHANEUFL. P. 381 PHILLISJ. W. 115, 189 PiNA M. 215, 315

WAKADE A. R. 351 WALKER E. R. 83 WALKER R. J. 331 WAND P. 363 WANNARKA G. L. 169 WANWIMOLRUKS. 465 WATERFALLJ. F. 459 WEGENERI. 133 WEI J.-W. 263 WOLFF P. 423 WOODRUFFG. N. 331 W~OBEL J. 269 WRIGHT I. G. 319 Wu P. H. 189

YAJIMAH. 331 YIP T. T. 177 ZELIS R. 201 ZORA J. A. 201

INFORMATION

FOR CONTRIBUTORS

I. The journal will publish papers written in English, which contain the results of original research, on all aspects of pharmacology, and will also contain occasional Review Articles and Short Communications which the author does not intend to publish in greater detail at a later date. Pharmacology is defined as the response of tissues, organs and animals to the app!ication of chemicals, both natural and synthetic. 3. Papers should be submitted to the Editor: Professor G. A. KERKUT,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO9 3TU, England. Submission of a paper to the Editor implies that it has not previously been published, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that, if accepted for publication, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form without the written permission of the Editor. Articles and illustrations become the property of the journal. 3. Manuscripts and illustrations should be submitted in duplicate, and the author should retain at least 1 copy. In the case of multiple authorship, the authors should indicate to whom the proofs are to be sent. 4 Manuscripts should be typewritten, with double spacing and wide margins. Authors are requested to keep their com.,lunications as concise as possible, and, in order to conserve space, the author should indicate which sections of the puper may be printed in small type. Footnotes should be avoided and italics should not be used for emphasis. A running-head of not more than 30 letters should be supplied. 5. In general, the typescript should follow the conventional form: title, author’s name and full address, abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, conclusion, summary, references, tables, legends to figures and figures. 6. The Abstract. This should be very short, between 50-100 words, and should contain numerical and factual data only. Together with the title it should serve to make the precise significance of the paper clear to the nonspecialist reader. 7. The Summary.

This may be longer than the abstract and should provide details for specialists.

8. Illr~strations. All necessary illustrations should accompany the manuscript, but should not be inserted in the text. All photographs, graphs, and diagrams should be numbered consecutively in arabic numbers in the order in which they are referred to in the text. Glossy photographs or positive prints (not X-ray negatives or slides) should be sent unmounted, wherever possible, and should be restricted to the minimum necessary. Charts, graphs,, or diagrams should be drawn boldly in black ink on good-quality white paper or card. Lettering to appear on the Illustration should be given in full and should be of sufficient size to withstand considerable reduction, where necessary. Alternatively, lettering may be shown on a rough overlay and will be inserted by the publisher. Illustrations should not be larger than 9.5 x 12 in. or they may be damaged in the post. On the back of each illustration should be indicated the author’s name, the figure number, and the top of the illustration, where this is not clear. The following symbols should be used on line drawings as they are readily available to the printer:

Legends to figures should be typed on a separate sheet and not on the back of the original, and should give sufficient data to make the illustration comprehensible without reference to the text. 9. In the interest of economy, and in order to avoid the introduction of errors, tables will be reproduced by photooffset means directly from the authors’typed manuscript, and the following points should therefore be observed during their preparations: (n) Tables should be prepared for direct camera copy. Refer tocurrent tables in the journal, and arrange the spatial layout of the table to conform. (b) Type should be clear and even. (c) Tables, headings and legends should be typed on a separate sheet. Indicate on a Xerox copy of the table, where the headings and the legends should go. (d) Insert heavy rules at the head and foot of each table, and fine rules below column headings. (e) Leave the minimum space required to avoid confusion between columns. (f) Genus and species names and other words normally italicized should be typed in italics or underlined. For guidance on how best to prepare your tables for photographic reproduction,and in case of difficulty, please contact the Photoreprographic section of your institution who will give you assistance. 10. References. The Harvard system is followed. References should be detailed in the following order: authors’ names and initials, date of publication (in parentheses), the titleof the article, the name of the journal as abbreviated in the WorldList of Scientific Periodicals (4th edn, 1963), the volume, and the first and last pages of the article, e.g. CALCUTT C. R. (1976) The role of histamine in the brain. Gen. Pharmuc. 7, 15-25. For books, the author’s name, date of publication, title, edition, page reference, publisher and location should be given, e.g. MICKLESONM. J. & ZEIMAT E. V. (1973) Drug Metabolism in the Vole, 3rd edn, Vol. 1, pp. 61-77. Pergamon Press, Oxford. In the text references should be given as: Smith (1964) or (Smith, 1964). In the case of multiple authorship, et 01. should be used throughout, i.e. Smith et al. (1964). If works published by the same author(s) in the same year are cited, they should be distinguished by the letters a, b, c, etc. 11. Only standard abbreviations should beused. Where specialized abbreviations given in full in the first instance with the abbreviation indicated in brackets.

are used the name should be

12. Latin names should be given for all species used in the investigation. 13. Corrections should be restricted charged to the author. 14. Reprints

to printer’s errors only. Other than these, substantial

will be supplied if authors indicate their requirement

in Great

will be

on the form which will accompany the proofs.

15. The original manuscript and diagrams will be discarded one month after publication requested to return original material to the authors. Printed

alterations

Britainby A. Wheaton & CO. Ltd, Exeter

unless the publisher

is 387