Developmental and Comparative Immunology
List of Contents Author and Keyword Index Volume 18, 1994
Pergamon
Developmental and Comparative Immunolog3 O N T O G E N Y 9 P H Y L O G E N Y 9 AGING lhe Official Journal of the International Society of Developmental and Comparative Immunolo~
E D I T O R S I N CHIEF
L. W i l l i a m Clem, USA G r e g o r y W . Warr, USA FOUNDING EDITOR IN CHIEF
Edwin L. Cooper, USA EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
nderson, R. S., USA ayne, C. J., USA oyd, R., Australia harlemagne, J., France ohen, N., USA ieterlen-Lievre, F., France Iberts, E., The Netherlands abicht, G., USA orton, J. D., UK offmann, J., France mttari, S., USA
Karp, R., USA Kaufman, J., Switzedand McKinney, C., USA Miller, M., USA Miller, N. W., USA Muramatsu, S., Japan Parrinello, N., Italy Pilstr6m, L., Sweden Raison, R., Australia Renwrantz, L., Cen'nany Rinkevich, B., Israel
Secombes, C., UK Sminia, T., The Netherlands S6derh~ll, K., Sweden Stet, R., The Netherlands Tomonaga, S., Japan Turpen, J., USA Vasta, G., USA Vogel, C. W., Germany Wick, G., Austria Yoshino, T., USA Zapata, A., Spain
OFFICERS OF ISDCI
tben, L. N., USA, Past-President era, L. W., USA, President ick, G., Austria, President-Elect yne, C. J., USA, Vice President (The Americas)
Horton, I. D., UK, Vice President (Europe and Africa) Tomonaga, S., Japan, Vice President (Asia and Oceania'. Egberts, E., The Netherlands, Secretary/Treasurer Secombes, C., UK, Secretary Education
xluction Editor: Regina Y. Brown, E-mail:
[email protected]
itorial Offices: L. William Clem, Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State eet, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA, (601) 984-1700; FAX (601) 984-1708; Gregory W. Warr, Department of Biochem9y and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425-2211, A, (803) 792-4321, FAX (803) 792-4322. flishing, Subscription, and Advertising Offices: Elsevier Science Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153, A, E-mail Address: ESUK.USA~ELSEVIER.COMand Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, 3 1GB, England. flished Bimonthly: Annual Institutional Subscription Rate (1995): North, Central, and South America, U.S. $701.00, ;t of World s Sterling prices exclude VAT. Non-VAT registered customers in the European Community will charged the appropriate VAT in addition to the price listed. Prices include postage and insurance and are subject :hange without notice. Members of the International Society of Developmental and Comparative Immunology receive sonal subscriptions at a concessional rate; details of these rates are available upon request.
Pergamon
Developmental and Comparative Immunology, Vol. 18, No, 6, pp. XIX-XXIX, 1994 Copyright 9 1995 Elsevier Science Lid Printed in the USA. All fights reserved 0145-305X/94 $6.00 + .00
VOLUME 27, 1994 CONTENTS INDEX January/February 1994
Volume 18 N u m b e r 1
In Memoriam 1 Jaroslav Rejnek, 1929-1993 Full-length papers Per-Ove ThSrnqvist, Mats W. Johansson, and Kenneth SSderhiill
3
Opsonic activity of cell adhesion proteins and 13-1,3-glucan binding proteins from two crustaceans
David J. Phipps, June S, Chadwick, and W. Peter Aston
13 Gallysin-1, an antibacterial protein isolated from hemolymph of Galleria mellonella
Coen M. Adema, Ambat Mohandas, Wil P. W. van der Knaap, and Taede Sminia
25
Separationof Lymnaea stagnalis hemocytes by density gradient centrifugation
Karen G. Burnett and Leslie K. Schwarz
33
Leukocyte proliferation mediated by protein kinase C in the marine teleost fish, Sciaenops ocellatus
Josd C. E. Koumans-van Diepen, Maurice H. M. van de Lisdonk, Anja J. Taverne-Thiele, B. M. Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade, and Jan H. W. M. Rombout
45
Characterisation of immunoglobulinbinding leucocytes in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
L. J. Hardie, T. C. Fletcher, and C. J. Secombes
57
Effect of temperature on macrophage activation and the production of macrophage activating factor by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leucocytes
Imrd Olrh and Bruce Glick
67
Anti-vimentin monoclonal antibodies differentiate two resident cell populations in chicken spleen
Arthur E. Wild, Tanya D. Burrows, and Julia Brand
75
IgG transport across the gut of the suckling opossum (Monodelphis domestica)
•215
XX
Contents Index
March/April 1994
Volume 18 Number 2 Robert S. Anderson
89
Hemocyte-derived reactive oxygen intermediate production in four bivalve mollusks
Frederick W. van Ginkel, Norman W. Miller, Marvhz A. Cuchens, and L. William Clem
97
Activation of channel catfish B cells by membrane immunoglobulin crosslinking
Eva Bengt#n, Siv Str6mberg, and Lars Pilstr6m
109
Immunoglobulin Vn regions in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): Their diversity and relationship to Vn families from other species
Jan-Eirik Angell Killie and Trond 0. JCrgensen
123
Immunoregulation in fish I: Intramolecular-induced suppression of antibody responses to haptenated protein antigens studied in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L).
Donald L. Evans and Liliana Jaso-Friedmann
137
Role of protein phosphatases in the regulation of nonspecific cytotoxic cell activity
C. Brad Dabbert, Robert L. Lochmiller, Jing-Ren Zhang, Charles W. Quails, and Kim Burnham
147
High in vitro endotoxin responsiveness of macrophages from an endotoxinresistant wild rodent species, Sigmodon hispidus
R. Lee Mosley, Jin Wang,
155
Functional heterogeneity of murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytesStudies using TRC-a[3 + IEL lines and fresh IEL isolates reveal multiple cytotoxic subsets differentiated by CD5, CD8a/a, and CD8a/13 expression
165
Heat shock cellular stress on aged gutassociated lymphocytes; mRNA expression of inducible heat shock protein gene and protooncogenes
Mawieh Hamad, and John R. Klein
Hidenori Kawanishi and Hiromitsu Fujioka
Volume 18 Number 3
May/June 1994
Vivek Balasubramaniam and Pierette M. Appasamy
179
Nektarios D. Charalambidis, Maria Lambropoulou, and Vassilis J. Marmaras
193
Review Development of murine pre-T cells into ",/~ T-~ell receptor bearing cells Full-length papers Mutation "white pupae" in the integument of Ceratitis capitata affects both defense and melanogenesis
Contents Index
XXI
Yen-Ling Song and Yeun-Ting Hsieh
201
Odile Ouwe-Missi-OukemBoyer, Eliane Porchet, Andrd Capron, and Colette Dissous Joe P. Lester, III, Donald L. Evans, John H. Leary, III, Steven C. Fowler, and Liliana Jaso--Friedmann Laurens N. Ruben, Daniel R. Buchholz, Proochista Ahmadi, Rachel O. Johnson, Richard H. Clothier, and Stanley Shiigi Anne Koniski and Nicholas Cohen
211
Gay G. Fredrickson and Ross S. Basch
251
219
231
239
I
XV
Immunostimulation of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) hemocytes for generation of microbicidal substances: Analysis of reactive oxygen species Characterization of immunoreactive TNFa molecules in the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata Identification of a target cell antigen recognized by nonspecific cytotoxic cells using an anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody Apoptosis in thymus of adult Xenoptts laevis
Mitogen-activated axolotl (Ambystoma mexicamun) splenocytes produce a cytokine that promotes growth of homologous lymphoblasts Early thymic regeneration after irradiation Abstractsof the Fourth Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Association for Developmental and Comparative Immunology (JADCI) Abstracts of the Fifth Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Association for Developmental and Comparative Immunology (JADCI)
July/August 1994
Volume 18 Number 4
Full-length papers Hideaki Aono, Gabriel G6mez Dfaz, and Katsuyoshi Mori
265
Cytolysis of hemocytes induced by serum and plasma in three crustaceans, Panulirus japonicus, Penaeus japoniCllS, and nomarlls americanus
hdie D. Gauthier and Gerardo R. Vasta
277
Inhibition of in vitro replication of the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus by the natural iron chelators transferrin, lactoferrin, and desferrioxamine
~uichi Hirose, Yasunori Saito, ~nd Hiroshi Watanabe
287
Surgical fusion between incompatible colonies of the compound ascidian, Botrylloides fitscus
XXII
Contents Index
Rebecca A. Newton, David A. Raftos, Robert L. Raison, and Carolyn L. Geczy
295
Chemot~ctic responses of hagfish (Vertebrata, Agnatba) leucocytes
E. Churchill McKinney and Michael C, Schmale
305
Damselfish with neurofibromatosis exhibit cytotoxicity toward tumor targets
S, 1. Jang, L. J. Hardie, and C. J. Secombes
315
Effects of transforming growth factor [3z on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss rrtacrophage respiratory burst activity
Robert A, Walker and Thomas J, McConnell
325
Variability in an MHCMosa class II [3 chainzencoding gene in striped bass
(Morone saxatilis) Laurens N. lCubr proochista Ahmadi, Rachel O, ,lohnson, Daiffel R. B.{whholz, Richard H. Clothier, and Stanley Sh!igi
343
Dhammi Chandrati!ie!~r C, G. Scanes, and James A, Marsh
353
Apoptosis in the thymus of developing
Xenopus laevis
Effect of triiodothyronine and in vitro growth hormone on avian interleukin-2
September/October 1994
Volume 18 Number 5
Full-length papers
Martin Bilej, Ludmila Tu(kovgt, and Pavet Rossmann
363
A new approach to in vitro studies of antigenic re.sponse in earthworms
Susan paskewitz qt!d Michael A, Riehle
369
Response of Plasmodium refractory and susceptible strains of Anopheles gambiae to inoculated Sephadex beads
R. Wat!g and M. Br
377
Estradio! increases susceptibility of goldfish Io Trypanosoma danilewskyi
Hiroshi Kodama, Tsu2~oshi Baba, .and hvao Ohishi
389
Inhibition of phagocytosis by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages bY botulinum C z toxin and its trypsinized component II
Rolf E. Engstad and B~rre Robertsen
397
Specificity of a ~-glucan receptor on macrophages from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Francisco ~lvqrez, Em(!io Flafio, Alberto J. Villena, Agusthz Zapata, and Blanca E. R azquin
409
Sea,sonal intrathymic erythopoietic activity in trout
Contents Index
XXIII
Luke Qi Jiang, J. Wayne Strellein, and Churchill McKinney
421
Immune privilege in the eye: An evolutionary adaptation
Donald P. King, Katie A. Lowe, Alastair W. M. Hay, and Stuart W. Evans
433
Identification, characterisation, and measurement of immunoglobulin concentrations in grey (Haliocherus grypus) and common (Phoca vitulina) seals
Nancy Starobinas, Marlene Pereira, Maria Eugenia Laurito Summa, and Lourdes Isaac
443
Phagocytic activity mediated via Fc~/R, Fc~R, and CR3 and H202release during ontogeny of mouse macrophages
Volume 18 Number 6
November/December 1994 Full-length papers
lsabelle Mazet, lacquelyn Pendland, and Drion Boucias
455
Comparative analysis of phagocytosis of fungal cells by insect hemocytes versus horse neutrophils
9467
Phagocytosis in the colonial ascidian Botrylhts schlosseri
lohn Kunich, 3ernardo Contreras, 9iether Recktenwald, and 14aria Nieto
483
A demonstration of human [3-2-microglobulin specific association with the surface of teleostean cells
Vicholas Nevid and ~Ibert Meier
495
Nonphotic stimuli alter a day-night rhythm of allograft rejection in gulf killifish
"fevin Kinney, Nicholas Cohen, md Suzanne Felten
511
Noradrenergic and peptidergic innervation of the amphibian spleen: Comparative studies
(atherine Magor, David liggh,s, Darlene Middleton, md Gregory Warr
523
cDNA sequence and organization of the immunoglobulin light chain gene of the duck, Anas platyrhynchos
ames Marsh, Brian Johnson, 'rid Colhz Scanes
533
Effect of growth hormone and thyroid hormone on autoimmune thyroiditis in obese chickens
uan Fl6, Fernanda EEas, ~rnesto Massouh, and tar[a Roux
543
Impairnient of B and T cell maturation in gut associated lymphoid tissues due to malnutrition during lactation
557
Ad Hoc Reviewers
Loriano Ballarht, ~rancesca Cima, and 4rmando Sabbadin
XXIV
Contents Index
Abstracts of the 6th Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Association for Developmental and Comparative Immunology (JADCI) XVII
List of Contents, Author and Keyword Indexes, Volume 18, 1994
AUTHOR INDEX V O L U M E 18, 1994 Adema, C.M., 25 Ahmadi, P., 231,343 Alvarez, F., 409 Anderson, R.S., 89 Aono, H., 265 ~ppasamy, P.M., 179 ~.ston, W.P., 13 3aba, T., 389 3alasubramaniam, V., 179 3allarin, L., 467 3asch, R.S., 251 lelosevic, M., 377 lengtdn, E., 109 lilej, M., I, 363 ~oucias, D., 455 :rand, J., 75 .uchholz, D.R., 231,343 urnett, K.G., 33 urnham, K., 147 urrows, T.D., 75 apron, A., 211 hadwick, J.S., 13 handratilleke, D., 353 haralambidis, N.D., 193 ima, F., 467 em, L.W., 97 othier, R.H., 231,343 ~hen, N., 239, 511 mtreras, B., 483 ~oper, E.L., 1 tchens, M.A., 97 tbbe~, C.B., 147 az, G.G., 265 ssous, C., 211 as, E, 543 gstad, R.E., 397 ans, D.L., 137,219 ans, S.W., 433 ten, S.Y., 511 rio, E., 409 tcher, T.C., 57 , J., 543
Fowler, S.C., 219 Fredfickson, G.G., 251 F~ioka, H., 165 Gauthier, J.D., 277 Geczy, C.L., 295 Glick, B., 67 Hamad, M., 155 Hardie, L.J., 57, 315 Hay, A.W.M., 433 Higgins, D.A., 523 Hirose, E., 287 Hsieh, Y.-T., 201 Isaac, L.,443 Jang, S.I., 315 Jaso-Friedmann, L., 137, 219 Jiang, L.Q., 421 Johansson, M.W., 3 Johnson, B.E., 533 Johnson, R.O., 231,343 JOrgensen, T.O., 123 Kawanishi, H., 165 Killie, J.-E.A., 123 King, D.P., 433 Kinney, K.S., 511 Klein, J.R., 155 Kodama, H., 389 Koniski, A., 239 Koumans-van Diepen, J.C.E., 45 Kunich, J.C., 483 Lambropoulou, M., 193 Leary, III, J.H., 219 Lester, III, J.P., 219 Lochmiller, R.L., 147 Lowe, K.P/., 433 Magor, K.E., 523 Marmaras, V.J., 193 XXV
XXVl
Marsh, J.A., 353,533 Massouh, E., 543 Mazet, I., 455 McConnell, T.J., 325 McKinney, C., 421 McKinney, E.C., 305 Meier, A.H., 495 Middleton, D.L., 523 Miller, N.W., 97 Mohandas, A., 25 Mori, K., 265 Mosley, R.L., 155 Nevid, N.J., 495 Newton, R.A., 295 Nieto, M.C., 483 Ohishi, I., 389 Oltih, I., 67 Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer, O., 211 Paskewitz, S., 369 Pendland, J., 455 Pereira, M., 443 Phipps, D.J., 13 Pilstr~Sm, L., 109 Porchet, E., 211 Quails, C.W., 147 Raftos, D.A., 295 Raison, R.L., 295 Razquin, B.E., 409 Recktenwald, D.J., 483 Riehle, M.A., 369 Robertsen, B., 397 Rombout, J.H.W.M., 45 Rossmann, P., 363 Roux, M.E., 543
Author Index
Ruben, L.N., 231,343 Sabbadin, A., 467 Saito, Y., 287 Scanes, C.G., 353,533 Schmale, M.C., 305 Schwarz, L.K., 33 Secombes, C.J., 57, 315 Shiigi, S., 231,343 Sima, P., I Sminia, T., 25 S6derh~ill, K., 3 Song, Y.-L., 201 Starobinas, N., 443 Streilein, J.W., 421 Str6mberg, S., 109 Summa, M.E.L., 443 Taverne-Thiele, A.J., 45 Th6mqvist, P.-O., 3 Tu6kov~i, L., 363, I van de Lisdonk, M.H.M., 45 van der Knaap, W.EW., 25 van Ginkel, EW., 97 Vasta, G.R., 277 Verburg-van Kemenade, B.M.L., 45 Vetvicka, V., 1 Villena, A.J., 409 Walker, R.A., 325 Wang, J., 155 Wang, R., 377 Warr, G.W., 523 Watanabe, H., 287 Wild, A.E., 75 Zapata, A., 409 Zhang, J.-R., 147
KEYWORD INDEX V O L U M E 18, 1994 Actin, 389 ADP-ribosylation, 389 Ambystoma, 239 Amphibia, 511 Amphibian, 231 Amphibian metamorphosis, 343 Animal models, 305 Anopheles gambiae, 369 Anti-idiotypic mAb, 219 Antibodies, 75 Antibody response, 123 Antigen driven, 231 Antigenic response, 363 Antimicrobial mechanisms, 89 Apicomplexa, 277 Apoptosis, 231 Ascidians, 467 Atlantic salmon, 123,397 Avian immune function, 353 Axolotl, 239 13-glucan, 201 13-1,3-Glucan binding protein, 3 132m exchange, 483 B-cell activation, 97 Bactericidin, 13 BCG, 443 Beta-2-microglobulin, 483 ~liomphataria glabrata, 211 Bone marrow, 179 ~otrylloides fttsctls, 287 3otrylhts, 467 3otulinum C2 toxin, 389 ~.aecilian, 511 .~alcium flux, 97 .~alcium ionophore, 33 ".apillary sleeve, 67 7arcinus maenas, 3 DNA, 325 "ell sorting, 155 '.ellular stress, 165 :hannel catfish, 97 'ohemiluminescence, 89 '.hemoattractants, 295 '.hemotactic responses, 295 'lostridium bottdinttm, 389 oagulation, 265
Colony specificity, 287 Common seal, 433 Conjugate, 483 CR3,443 Crassostrea virghffca, 89, 277 Crayfish 76-kDa protein, 3 Crustaceans, 265 Cultivation, 363 Cuticle, 193 Cyanine fluorochrome, 483 Cytokine, 239 Cytolysis, 265 Cytolytic factor, 265 Cytotoxic cell activity, 137 Cytotoxicity, 155, 305 Daily rhythm, 495 Damselfish, 305 Deactivation, 315 Dendritic cell, 67 "Dermo", 277 Differentiation, 251 Discontinuous density gradient separation, 25 Diversity, 523 Duck, 523 Earthworms, 363 Eastern oyster, 277 Ellipsoid-associated cell, 67 Encapsulation, 369 Endotoxin, 147 Entrainment, 495 Environmental effects, 495 Escherichia coli, 193 Evolution, 109, 421 Eye, 421 Fc~/receptor, 75 Fc~,R, 443 Fcv.R, 443 Fetal liver, 179 Fish, 45 Flow cytometry, 483 Fluorescent protein tracing, 75 Frog, 511 Fltnduhls grandis, 495 Fungal blastospores, 455 XXVII
XXVlll
Gadus morhua, 109 Galleria mellonella, 13 Ga/lysin- I, 13 Gamma/delta, 179 Gammaglobulin, 433 Gastropod, 25 Geukensia demissa, 89 Glucan receptor, 397 Glucocorticoid, 231 Glucocorticoid-, lectin-, antigen-driven apoptosis, 343 Goldfish, 421 Gram-negative bacteria, 13 Grey seal, 433 Growth hormone, 353,533 Gulf killifish, 495 Gut associated lymphoid tissues, 543 Gut enterocytes, 75 Hagfish, 295 Hapten-carrier antigens, 123 Heat shock, 165 Hemocyte, 25,265 Hemocytes, 193,201,211 Hemolysin, 13 Homarus americanus, 265 Host-parasite relationship, 211 Hydrogen peroxide release, 443 Ictalurtts.punctatus, 137 Ig heavy chain variable regions, 109 IgG transport, 75 IL-2, 239 Immobilization, 193 Immune activity, 495 Immune privilege, 421 Immune response, 377 Immunity, 193 Immuno-eleetron microscopy, 45 Immunofluorescence, 45 Immunoglobulin, 433,523 Immunoglobulin binding, 45 Immunoregulation, 123 Immunostimulant, 201 Immunosuppression, 377 Infection, 377 Inhibition of replication, 277 Insect hemocytes, 455 Insect immunity, 13, 369 Insects, 193
Keyword Index
Interleukin-1,147 Interleukin-2, 353 Intestinal lymphocytes, 155 Intramolecular induced suppression, 123 Invertebrate immunity, 455 Iron chelators, 277 Irradiation, 251 k, 523 Lectin, 231 Leucocytes, 295 Leukocyte proliferation, 33 Light chain, 523 Lltmbricus terrestris, 363 Lymnaea stagnalis, 25 Lymphocyte maturation, 543 Lymphocytes, 165,377 Lysozyme, 13 Macroglobulin, 433 Macrophage, 147, 389 Macrophage activating factor (MAF), 57 Macrophage ontogeny, 443 Macrophages, 45, 57, 315, 397 Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), 483 Malaria, 369 Malnutrition, 543 Mammalian natural killer cells, 219 Melanization, 193, 369 Mercenaria mercenaria, 89 MHC, 325 mlg cross-linking, 97 Mitogens, 377 Molluscan hemocytes, 89 Monoclonal antibody, 433 Morone saxatilis, 325 Mya arenaria, 89 Natural killer cells, 305 NBT reduction, 89 Neural-immune interactions, 511 Neuroendocrine-immune, 533 Neurofibromatosis, 305 Neuroimmunology, 495 Neuropeptides (substance P, neuropeptide Y), 511 Neutrophilic granulocytes, 45
Keyword Index
Neutrophils, 455 Nonself-recognition proteins, 193 Nonspecific cytotoxic cells, 219 Norepinephrine, 511 Obese strain chickens, 533 Oncorhynchus mykiss, 315 Opsonin, 3 Opsonization, 443,455 Oxygen metabolites, 455
Panulirus japonicus, 265 Penaeus japonicus, 265 Perkhtsus marintts, 277 Phagocytosis, 3,389, 397, 443,455,467 Phorbol ester, 33 PKC inhibitors, 33 Plasmodium, 369 PMA, 201 Polymorphism, 325 Precursors, 251 Protein kinase C, 33 Protein phosphatases, 137 Protein phosphorylation, 97 Protozoa, 377 Protozoan parasite, 277 Rainbow trout, 57, 315, 389 Reactive oxygen intermediates, 89 Reactive oxygen species, 201 Respiratory burst, 57, 455 Respiratory burst activity, 315 Retinal transplantation, 421 Review, 179 Rosette assays, 75 Salamander, 511 Scale allograft rejection, 495 Schistosoma mansoni, 211 Sciaenops ocellatus, 33 Seasonal erythropoiesis, 409 Self-nonself recognition, 287 Senescence, 165 Sephadex beads, 369 Sheep red blood cells, 75
XXIX
Sigmodon hispidus, 147 Signal transduction, 137 Specificity, 397 Spleen, 67, 511 Spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis, 533 Stromal, 67 Suckling opossum, 75 Surgical fusion, 287 Susceptibility, 377 Sympathetic nervous system innervation, 511 T-cell growth factor, 239 T-cell lines, 155 T-cell receptor, 155, 179 T cells, 239 T lymphocyte, 179 Target cell antigen, 219 Teleostean, radioimmunoassay, 483 Temperature, 57 Tetraiodothyronine, 353 Thioglycollate, 443 Three-color flow cytometry, 155 Thy-1 negative T cells, 251 Thymus, 179, 251,409 Thyroid hormones, 353 Thyroxine, 533 Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), 201 Tissue explants, 363 Transforming growth factor-[3 l, 315 Triiodothyronine, 353 Trout, 409 Trypanosoma danilewskyi, 377 Tumor cell lines, 305 Tumor necrosis factor, 147 Tumor necrosis factor a, 211 Ultrastructure, 409 Vimentin, 67 Yeast 13-glucan, 397 Zymosan, 201