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Loading of coal pillars in bord and pillar workings. Report. 79F, 18T, 120R
126A
uction of three underwater tunnels. The cases were: steel shell tube design for the Hor~ Kong Tunnel, the use of the trench method for the 63rd Street Tunnel in New York City and a system of surcharged sand drains for the Second Hampton Roads Tunnel in Virginia.
Power plants See also abstract: 1285. 1249 BEAvIS,FC UNIV.NEW SOUTH WALEB,AUS Engineering geology of D Power Station, Yallourn, Austr alia.llF, 2T, 5R. Q.J.ENGNG GEOL .vS,N2,1975, Pl03-117. Geological investigations for the "D" extension to the Yallourn Power Station and auxiliary works are described. The investigation included field mapping, boring and field and laboratory testing of materials. Brown coal was in important material in the foundations. Auth.
In-situ stresses in ground and stress around underground openings 1250 LOGTERS, G Three-dimensional deformation during superficial tunnel excavations. In Germsn .48F, 3T, 66R. INST .BOD~MECH. FELSMECH. UNIV .FRED~ IC IANA, KARLSRUHE, N59,1974,103P. Displacements occurring around a near-surface tunnel tube during the process of excavation were observed in a transparent gelatin three.dlmensional model. A model law was defined so that the test results could be transferred to the scale of any prototype tunnel. The test results rendered information about the importance of the nc~-vertical components of displacement and of the heave effect below the tunnel. Moreover it could be shown how m~ch the ground displacements are influenced by a variation of the thickness of cover above the tunnel as well as by different tunnelling methods (shield and New Austrian Tunnelling Method). The development of pressures on the tunnel lining close to the face was observed in the model. Relations were derived that allow to calculate the pressures on the lining. By comparison with in-sltu measurement the theoretical values were confirmed. Several e~irical methods for the determiuation of the settlement trough at the surface were corroborated by the test results, while the validity of some new theories on the interpretation of in-situ measurements with regard to ground loosening had t6 be restricted. 1251 ORR, CM NAT .MECH. ENGNG RES. INST, PRETORIA, ZA High horizontal stresses in near surface rock masses. Conference .Session four .Synopsis. 6TH REG.CONF.AFRICA, SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGNG,DURBAN, SEPT. 1975, S .AFR. INST .CIV. ~GRS. 6P. A brief review of the results of virgin stress determinations conducted in various parts of the world is presented. These results show that, in most cases, up to depths of 800 metres below surface the ~ i t u d e s of the horizontal stresses exceed those of the vertical or overburden stresses. Recent results obtained from stress measurements conducted in various parts of Southern Africa agree well with the general trend. Auth.
Surface subsidence and caving 1252 KWIAT~<, J Field tests on the effect of underground mining on experimental buildings. In Polish. PR. GLOWN. INST .GORN .N620,197~, P3-13 •
Investigations were carried out by the Central Mining Institute (Katowlce) to determine the magnitude of tensile forces in flexible bench-type foundations of buildings erected for the purpose on ground subject to the influence of underground coal mining. The methods used in conducting the tests are described and the results obtained are compared with those obtained theoretically. From the field experiments it was shown that for a ground creep of up to 3n~n/m, for foundation benches situated a/ong the direction of creep, the force distribution along the length of the foundations may be taken as parabolic. Auth. 1253 SAU~q, A The effects of the degree of undermining, the concentration of workings and the rate of advance on the pre-ealculatlon of ground movements ; In German. GLUCKAUF. FORSCHEFTE, V36, N1, FHB. 1975, P16- 26. 1254 BUT~,RA A .A .MATTHEWs,WASHINGTON DC .USA HAMPTON,D HOWARD UNIV.WASHINGTON DO.USA Subsidence over soft ground tunnel .10F,2T,9R. J .GEOTECH. ~ G N G DIV .ASCE,VIO1, GT1, JAN.1975, P35- 50. The existing soil and groundwater conditions and the construction procedures used in advancing a machine-mined tunnel in soft ground are described. Settlement data from an instrumentation program performed during tunnel construction are presented. Data obtained for this tunnel are compared with that published for other soft ground tunnels and from this comparison a mathematical (error) function is applied to approximate the subsidence profile.
Temporary and permanent supports 1255 0RAVECZ, KI COLL. RES. LAB. CHAM.MINES, ZA Loading of coal pillars in bord and pi]lRr workings. Report. 79F, 18T, 120R. CHAMB~q OF MINES OF SOUTH AFRICA,RES.REPORT NO 40-73, OCT .1973,224P. In this report a solution to the problem of predicting the actual load on pillars for use in the design of bord and pillar workings is sought within the framework of the elastic theory. An idealized bord and pillar layout was used to obtain an analytical solution of stress and displacement distributions and this was compared with field data. An analogue technique was used to obtain a solutlcn for practical mining geometries. Extensive field investigations using specially developed techniques of displacement measurement were conducted to assess the reliability of this method. From the results of numerous "analogue runs" a family of design curves was constructed for a rsnge of mining geometries and physical properties. These may be used to determine pillar loads in regular pl]/ar layouts in the case of horizontal or near horizontal stratification. 1256 LOUIS, C PIPAUD, J Teehnolo~ and measurement of modern tunnel supports. In French.5R. BULL. BUR oREOH .GEOL .MIN. GEOL.APPL. CHRON .MINES, SECT. 2. N1,1975, PSi- 85 • 1257 WII~ON, AH NAT.COAL BOARD, BREI~Y, GB Support load requirements on longws]l faces .7F,8R. MIN. E~GR .V134,N6, JUNE,1975, Ph79- 491. A theoretical treatment of the problem has been made by assuming the roof in need of support to be a freed block of the lower roof where shape and size are governed by the manner of caving in the waste. The required support thrusts have been calculated for a variety of conditions. A discussion of the paper by J.D.Kibble, B.N.Whittaker,
uction of three underwater tunnels. The cases were: steel shell tube design for the Hor~ Kong Tunnel, the use of the trench method for the 63rd Street Tunnel in New York City and a system of surcharged sand drains for the Second Hampton Roads Tunnel in Virginia.
Power plants See also abstract: 1285. 1249 BEAvIS,FC UNIV.NEW SOUTH WALEB,AUS Engineering geology of D Power Station, Yallourn, Austr alia.llF, 2T, 5R. Q.J.ENGNG GEOL .vS,N2,1975, Pl03-117. Geological investigations for the "D" extension to the Yallourn Power Station and auxiliary works are described. The investigation included field mapping, boring and field and laboratory testing of materials. Brown coal was in important material in the foundations. Auth.
In-situ stresses in ground and stress around underground openings 1250 LOGTERS, G Three-dimensional deformation during superficial tunnel excavations. In Germsn .48F, 3T, 66R. INST .BOD~MECH. FELSMECH. UNIV .FRED~ IC IANA, KARLSRUHE, N59,1974,103P. Displacements occurring around a near-surface tunnel tube during the process of excavation were observed in a transparent gelatin three.dlmensional model. A model law was defined so that the test results could be transferred to the scale of any prototype tunnel. The test results rendered information about the importance of the nc~-vertical components of displacement and of the heave effect below the tunnel. Moreover it could be shown how m~ch the ground displacements are influenced by a variation of the thickness of cover above the tunnel as well as by different tunnelling methods (shield and New Austrian Tunnelling Method). The development of pressures on the tunnel lining close to the face was observed in the model. Relations were derived that allow to calculate the pressures on the lining. By comparison with in-sltu measurement the theoretical values were confirmed. Several e~irical methods for the determiuation of the settlement trough at the surface were corroborated by the test results, while the validity of some new theories on the interpretation of in-situ measurements with regard to ground loosening had t6 be restricted. 1251 ORR, CM NAT .MECH. ENGNG RES. INST, PRETORIA, ZA High horizontal stresses in near surface rock masses. Conference .Session four .Synopsis. 6TH REG.CONF.AFRICA, SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGNG,DURBAN, SEPT. 1975, S .AFR. INST .CIV. ~GRS. 6P. A brief review of the results of virgin stress determinations conducted in various parts of the world is presented. These results show that, in most cases, up to depths of 800 metres below surface the ~ i t u d e s of the horizontal stresses exceed those of the vertical or overburden stresses. Recent results obtained from stress measurements conducted in various parts of Southern Africa agree well with the general trend. Auth.
Surface subsidence and caving 1252 KWIAT~<, J Field tests on the effect of underground mining on experimental buildings. In Polish. PR. GLOWN. INST .GORN .N620,197~, P3-13 •
Investigations were carried out by the Central Mining Institute (Katowlce) to determine the magnitude of tensile forces in flexible bench-type foundations of buildings erected for the purpose on ground subject to the influence of underground coal mining. The methods used in conducting the tests are described and the results obtained are compared with those obtained theoretically. From the field experiments it was shown that for a ground creep of up to 3n~n/m, for foundation benches situated a/ong the direction of creep, the force distribution along the length of the foundations may be taken as parabolic. Auth. 1253 SAU~q, A The effects of the degree of undermining, the concentration of workings and the rate of advance on the pre-ealculatlon of ground movements ; In German. GLUCKAUF. FORSCHEFTE, V36, N1, FHB. 1975, P16- 26. 1254 BUT~,RA A .A .MATTHEWs,WASHINGTON DC .USA HAMPTON,D HOWARD UNIV.WASHINGTON DO.USA Subsidence over soft ground tunnel .10F,2T,9R. J .GEOTECH. ~ G N G DIV .ASCE,VIO1, GT1, JAN.1975, P35- 50. The existing soil and groundwater conditions and the construction procedures used in advancing a machine-mined tunnel in soft ground are described. Settlement data from an instrumentation program performed during tunnel construction are presented. Data obtained for this tunnel are compared with that published for other soft ground tunnels and from this comparison a mathematical (error) function is applied to approximate the subsidence profile.
Temporary and permanent supports 1255 0RAVECZ, KI COLL. RES. LAB. CHAM.MINES, ZA Loading of coal pillars in bord and pi]lRr workings. Report. 79F, 18T, 120R. CHAMB~q OF MINES OF SOUTH AFRICA,RES.REPORT NO 40-73, OCT .1973,224P. In this report a solution to the problem of predicting the actual load on pillars for use in the design of bord and pillar workings is sought within the framework of the elastic theory. An idealized bord and pillar layout was used to obtain an analytical solution of stress and displacement distributions and this was compared with field data. An analogue technique was used to obtain a solutlcn for practical mining geometries. Extensive field investigations using specially developed techniques of displacement measurement were conducted to assess the reliability of this method. From the results of numerous "analogue runs" a family of design curves was constructed for a rsnge of mining geometries and physical properties. These may be used to determine pillar loads in regular pl]/ar layouts in the case of horizontal or near horizontal stratification. 1256 LOUIS, C PIPAUD, J Teehnolo~ and measurement of modern tunnel supports. In French.5R. BULL. BUR oREOH .GEOL .MIN. GEOL.APPL. CHRON .MINES, SECT. 2. N1,1975, PSi- 85 • 1257 WII~ON, AH NAT.COAL BOARD, BREI~Y, GB Support load requirements on longws]l faces .7F,8R. MIN. E~GR .V134,N6, JUNE,1975, Ph79- 491. A theoretical treatment of the problem has been made by assuming the roof in need of support to be a freed block of the lower roof where shape and size are governed by the manner of caving in the waste. The required support thrusts have been calculated for a variety of conditions. A discussion of the paper by J.D.Kibble, B.N.Whittaker,