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LONDON MEDICAL SOCIETY. December 7th, 1829,
414
ing. LONDON MEDICAL SOCIETY.
( Continued.) Mr. CALLAWAY in the Chair. OF
TURPENTINE
CEREBRAL
IN
A
CASE
turpentine
and castor oil bad pe-
morning were quite healthy, and on the lowing day amendment was so decisive tLst
December 7th, 1829,
EFFICACY
The
duced a copious discharge, the stools by the
Of
AFFECTION.
he made his bow. The moral of the case was,-That there are cases of infantil affection in which the depressed powersc: life will not admit of calomel and bleeo,;.?, lest the balance be turned on the wrong but in which turpentine may produce all the good effects without one of their ds. s.
at once a stimulant and He was aware that calomel and bleeding often did terminate cerebral dis,;rders well, but these cases were sometimes too far gone to allow of it. The present was one of them, and he had every reason to fear that ordinary depletion and purging would have proved fatal in their operation. With these feelings lie had resorted to the turpentine, and he recommended it, under similar circumstances, to the profession. It lias upon the vicarious and urging principle, that this valuable medicine appeared to show us beneficial agency in puerperal affections, and the effect seemed traceable to the perturbation excited in the mucous lining uf the intestines, and upon the sentient organization, doing away, as it were, with the inflammation previously exiting in the seen the nurse into the application of a couple, rous membrane, a principle of counter-irriwhen the flow of blood was very copious and tation of great importance in tlierapeuuc the fluid at length became watery. On the agency. It was objected by Dr. Whiting and following afternoon, Dr. Uwins first saw the child, when he considered its condition toMr. Dendy, that the views with which Dr. be that of inability to transmit a due quan- Uwins had drawn up this case, and retity of blood through the lungs, with braincommended the ol. terebinth. as a medtdisorder ttueatening convulsion ; the secre- cine, were not sufficiently definite to hertions were checked, and the evacuations re- mit any particular course of practice to be sembled the moulded clay of tobacco pipes.. founded upon them ; and they thought it Under these circumstances the indications; necessary to inquire of Dr. Uwins what were, leeches to the head, and calomel to) were the exact diseases, and what the exact the bowels, but these the state of the infantt symptoms, on the appearance of which Le It was un-would advise it to be resorted to. Jt was at once induced him to reject. doubtedly imperative to loosen the secre-- further remarked, by Mr. Proctor, thatin tions, but life was at too low an ebb for this; this particular case, the use of the turpentine mode of treatment ; the pulse was absolutelydid not appear to have been so absolutelv hesitating, and the cerebral condition was; necessary as Dr. Uwins had considered i:, one of asthenia rather than fulness. He look-- the remedies employed before its adminised about, therefore, for a medicine whichi tration, and the lancing of the gums anermight act vigorously upon the intestiual1 wards, deserving, probably, the credit which surface, re-open the secretions, and arousewas awarded to the turpentine ; at the same the energies of life ; he immediately order-time, he thought the administration ot C3.ted therefore, a warm-bath having been pre-mel had not been sufficiently relied on; viously used, 10 minims of the oleum tere-bad never seen an instance in which calbinthm, and the same quantity of castor oil,, met might not havebeen given to an infant with two fluid drachms of water, every two:) even in the last stage of inflammation. h hours. After one or two of these doses thewas also considered by another gentleman, infant had a serious convulsion, and nlr.that doses of two or three grains of calomel, Powell, who was in attendance, being sentt with a little castor oil, would, probably, for, prescribed a mixture with ammonia, to) have accomplished all that was required, be taken in the intermediate hours with the= and that a stimulant being necessary, turpentine medicine. At night Dr. Uwinss would have done as well as another, Some further directed a free incision of the lowerr remarks were also made on the dread which gums, as the incisores were nearly protrud-- was entertained of further bleeding. Mr.
DR. UWINS communicated the following case, in proof of the safe and advantageous employment of turpentine in infantile affections, which resist the ordinary management. He was called on the 20th of N ovember to see the youngest child of a celebrated barrister, and found the infant, a child of six months old, in a condition, as he considered it, of extreme danger, panting, blanched in countenance, and with an expression of feature denoting the approach of a cerebral affection of the worst kind. The child was labouring under the effects of dentition and exposure to cold, and the breathing having become hurried, calomel and leeches to the chest had been ordered ; no use, however, was made of the leeches until the pulmonary irritation had become so decided as to fright-
advantages, proving
emulgent.
’.
415
endy considered that its advantages wholly improper
to
have
thrown
in
calomel,
he had knownI which was decidedly sedative medicine. depended upon circumstances; leech from prove fatal, In yellow fever, in erysipelatous, puerhæmorrhage single le another child had borne twenty with peral, and cerebral cases, and in all afa
a
In this Dr. Williams thought there fections of a typhoid character, it was a was nothing singular, but that any leeches valuable remedy, bearing in mind that its combination with other active were applied at all, or that so few were ap- judicious , at the same time he also thought, medicines was an importantpart of practice. there were so many i emedies employed in In apoplexy, especially, it might be considD;. Uwins’ case, that the virtues of the tur- ered as a most powerful and effective remereadily assigned. dy ;its diminution of the cerebral excitement pentne could not be Dr. It was replied by Uwins, that though was very decided ; in doses, of from half an fM.
he would rather confine himself to a defence ounce to an ounce. At the same time the o: his practice in this particular case, he practitioner should exercise great caution, as had no objection to say that his employment its liability to be carried into the circulation n:’ :he oil of turpentine would be chiefly in might produce injurious effects; it might t’Me cases in which he should fear the often be detected by the smell both in the effects of bleedingand calomel. He would urine and the breath. This especially indiresort to it where vascular irritation was cated the necessity for giving some other high, and the vital powers were very low ; medicine with it. He had himself taken ten he would in fact give the turpentine in any drachms of it, which, not having purged him, febrile affection that could be named in which he allowed to follow its own course, and in these symptoms were present, and that too at the course of 24 hours the whole of it passed the onset of his practice, whether there had off by the lungs, producing effects of by no brrn prior treatment or not. In his case the means a desirable kind. It was far from
I
,
, ‘
t
being
of the child was such that bleeding, a safe medicine, therefore, in acute out of the question. inflammation of the lungs, the heart, the ILe turpentine had certainly produced its pericarditis, or the pleura, in such doses effects before the gums were lanced. as would be likely to be absorbed into the DR. WHITING expressed himself as very circulation. little satisfied on the subject, and more DR. RAMADGE thought it a valuable meparticularly with the recommendation which dicine. In cases of febrile excitement, the the oil of turpentine had received as a cura- bowels being relaxed and the irritability tive agent; its employment was by no means great, in all cases in which a tympanitic state so systematic as it ought to be; and he of the abdomen exists, it might be employed thought that medical practitioners would do advantageously ; and especially in calling a very great service to medicine, by making other medicines into action. known their experience, and generalising the facts connected with it. December 14th, 1829. Da. STEWART inquired whether it was The observations on the use of turpentine tot iii topical congestions that turpentine were resumed this evening, chiefly turning was usually considered as most effective. Da. COPLAND advocated the practice on the different effects large which Dr. Uwins had adopted, and spoke and small doses, the latter occasioning very highly of the virtues of turpentine: It was, unpleasant and distressing results on the he said, a great antiseptic, a most powerful kidneys and intestines, the former very exastringent; whether taken internally or ap- cellent effects as a stimulant and emulgent. pried externally, it had the advantage ofDoses to the extent of an ounce were menon the nervous system as a powerful tioned as not too great in many cases, and as . mulant, and it was a most beneficial agentbeing a delightful medicine to act, and as .: promoting all the secretrons of the body. such, and in preference to small doses, it adminrstration, the doses which were was strongly recommended by Dr. Stewart, , the mode of compounding it, the Mr. Kingdon, Mr. Gossett, Dr. Whiting, circumstances under which it was given,Dr. Ramadge, Mr. Lloyd, Mr. Pereira, Mr. the subsequent treatment, were allDendy, and Mr. Stephens. Dr. Whiting very important things, and such assthought, however, that very great caution demander the exercise of the best possiblewas necessary in giving it to children ; fifteen . As to the specific diseases into twenty drops would occasionally prowhich it could be employed, he certainly7duce great irritation, blood from the bowels, was less easy to enumerate themaand a constant desire to micturate. He had, it was to form a judgment, when att however, and so had Dr. ltamadge, given D-u4side, whether it would be right ini ten, twenty, and thirty drops, to children .--- case under consideration to employI three times a day, without any injurious In Dr. U wins’ case, for instance, hEeffects. Mr. Burt found harm from adminisapproved it, where it would have been1 teringtwodrachms. Dr. Ryan had not, oate
of
ca!omel, was totally
I
produced by
of them
416 when mixed with four or six drachms of meant, literally, that gestation, which. reckcastor oil. Mr. Lloyd had repeatedly given oning from the moment of concepticn tj it in chronic rheumatism, and continued it the moment of parturition, lasted longer for a long time without any effect on the than the time generally admitted to burinary or-aiis ; if it had, he then discon- the usual duration. But was thtre positinued it for a day or two. To show how tive evidence for fixing the exact length of light an effect it might have on the urinary the period termed the usual duration (i organs, he said he had often given it in pregnancy. He (Dr. Granvrlle) shcuhi say It was usual for cases of gleet, and at the commencement of that there really was not. gonorrhœa, with copaiba, with excellent re- medical men to say, that nine mcnitu were sults. He thought it would be a great mis- the ultimum tempus in women. But who take to reject its advantages, on account of had proved this to be so’!? On the contrary, of its occasional ill effects. Dr. Ramadge the notions entertained on the subject, evua said he cculd bear testimony to its curative by those who considered the period of gestaagency in gonorrhoea ; and he vouched for tion to be limited within its shortest period. the fact that a young Frenchman who had were so vague, that some said tt was forty suffered with obstinate gonorrhoea for six weeks, while otheis called it nine month;, months, was completely cured by living for as if the expressions were synonymous, several days in a huusn which was newly though a difference of six, eight, or ttu painted throughout. The turpentine was days, existed between these two periods, or extensively absorbed externally, and could just as the months were to be of be distinctly smelt in the urine of persons thirty-one days’ length. Dr. Clarke was residing in newly-painted houses. Mr. one of these gentlemen. He was asked, on Stephens thought that, in giving it as a ver- a well-known trial, what was ti-efull term mifuge in large doses, and directing its of gestation ; and his reply was, undoubteffects with castor oil to the intestinal edly labour must begin at the expiration cf canal, the chief advantages of turpentine forty weeks after the last sexual intercourse. would be derived. Finally, to reconcile the He was asked how he could prove this, but occasional contrary effects of the medicine, question puzzled birr., ; and the oniv that lie could give was, his own assef’ Mr, Dendy said that it was probable the effects of large or small doses depended on tion, that, in several cases in his practice, the idiosyucracy of the individual takingit. he had the positive assurance of parties interested, that intercourse had ta,.en pisce ,’The laws of the Society have latterly un- once only, and Jor good, forty weeks before dergone much consideration, and the whole the commencement of parturition, ’iLe of them will shortly be brought under revi- number of those cases was r:ot above twenty, sion at a general meeting of the members. and, surely, twenty cases 1U the course of a The President has lately presented the long and extensive practice, were not ;ufiSociety with a handsome, and very service- cientto prove, undoubtedly, that labour:;.able, set of table lamps. variably began at the expiration of forty weeks. To proceed correctiy in the inquiry, it was necessary to know what was really the extent of the customary period of WESTMINSTER MEDICAL SOCIETY. gestation. The data, upon which the caiculation was usually made, were fallacious and Saturday, December 5th, 1829. absurd ; the cessation of the menses nas one, the frst appearance of symptoms deMR. BACOT in the Chair. noting pregnancy was another, and the phenomenon of quickening was a third; but, to the former of these, tie shouid answer u that POSSIBLE PROTRACTION OF GESTATION. he had seen many cases of women who had DR. GRANVILLE introduced the subject menstruated for months after pregnality of protracted gestation, for the purpose of had taken place, and he had had opportunydeciding, 1st, On the precise meaning of the ties in some of them of collecting portions of term; 2ndly, On the possibility of the pe- the menstrual fluid, and comparing at with riod of gestation being " protracted;" other portions ; there were other women 3dly, On the proof which could he produced also, who became pregnant without mellwhich slruating at all between one pregnancy and in its support. The several these questions embraced, he considered of another. These sigus then were perfectly vital importance to society, and such as I fallacious, and, in fact, the movements cf might be discussed with great interest and the child were the ouly criterion that advantage. Developing these objects in a be relied on. But then, again, when t!.te brier introduction, the doctor entered at were felt, what length could be already once on the question, What is meant by proassigned to the pregnancy, so as to enable tracted gestation?and his reply was, that it duration be calculated!? The
thirh
the proof
subjects
its
whole
to
ing. LONDON MEDICAL SOCIETY.
( Continued.) Mr. CALLAWAY in the Chair. OF
TURPENTINE
CEREBRAL
IN
A
CASE
turpentine
and castor oil bad pe-
morning were quite healthy, and on the lowing day amendment was so decisive tLst
December 7th, 1829,
EFFICACY
The
duced a copious discharge, the stools by the
Of
AFFECTION.
he made his bow. The moral of the case was,-That there are cases of infantil affection in which the depressed powersc: life will not admit of calomel and bleeo,;.?, lest the balance be turned on the wrong but in which turpentine may produce all the good effects without one of their ds. s.
at once a stimulant and He was aware that calomel and bleeding often did terminate cerebral dis,;rders well, but these cases were sometimes too far gone to allow of it. The present was one of them, and he had every reason to fear that ordinary depletion and purging would have proved fatal in their operation. With these feelings lie had resorted to the turpentine, and he recommended it, under similar circumstances, to the profession. It lias upon the vicarious and urging principle, that this valuable medicine appeared to show us beneficial agency in puerperal affections, and the effect seemed traceable to the perturbation excited in the mucous lining uf the intestines, and upon the sentient organization, doing away, as it were, with the inflammation previously exiting in the seen the nurse into the application of a couple, rous membrane, a principle of counter-irriwhen the flow of blood was very copious and tation of great importance in tlierapeuuc the fluid at length became watery. On the agency. It was objected by Dr. Whiting and following afternoon, Dr. Uwins first saw the child, when he considered its condition toMr. Dendy, that the views with which Dr. be that of inability to transmit a due quan- Uwins had drawn up this case, and retity of blood through the lungs, with braincommended the ol. terebinth. as a medtdisorder ttueatening convulsion ; the secre- cine, were not sufficiently definite to hertions were checked, and the evacuations re- mit any particular course of practice to be sembled the moulded clay of tobacco pipes.. founded upon them ; and they thought it Under these circumstances the indications; necessary to inquire of Dr. Uwins what were, leeches to the head, and calomel to) were the exact diseases, and what the exact the bowels, but these the state of the infantt symptoms, on the appearance of which Le It was un-would advise it to be resorted to. Jt was at once induced him to reject. doubtedly imperative to loosen the secre-- further remarked, by Mr. Proctor, thatin tions, but life was at too low an ebb for this; this particular case, the use of the turpentine mode of treatment ; the pulse was absolutelydid not appear to have been so absolutelv hesitating, and the cerebral condition was; necessary as Dr. Uwins had considered i:, one of asthenia rather than fulness. He look-- the remedies employed before its adminised about, therefore, for a medicine whichi tration, and the lancing of the gums anermight act vigorously upon the intestiual1 wards, deserving, probably, the credit which surface, re-open the secretions, and arousewas awarded to the turpentine ; at the same the energies of life ; he immediately order-time, he thought the administration ot C3.ted therefore, a warm-bath having been pre-mel had not been sufficiently relied on; viously used, 10 minims of the oleum tere-bad never seen an instance in which calbinthm, and the same quantity of castor oil,, met might not havebeen given to an infant with two fluid drachms of water, every two:) even in the last stage of inflammation. h hours. After one or two of these doses thewas also considered by another gentleman, infant had a serious convulsion, and nlr.that doses of two or three grains of calomel, Powell, who was in attendance, being sentt with a little castor oil, would, probably, for, prescribed a mixture with ammonia, to) have accomplished all that was required, be taken in the intermediate hours with the= and that a stimulant being necessary, turpentine medicine. At night Dr. Uwinss would have done as well as another, Some further directed a free incision of the lowerr remarks were also made on the dread which gums, as the incisores were nearly protrud-- was entertained of further bleeding. Mr.
DR. UWINS communicated the following case, in proof of the safe and advantageous employment of turpentine in infantile affections, which resist the ordinary management. He was called on the 20th of N ovember to see the youngest child of a celebrated barrister, and found the infant, a child of six months old, in a condition, as he considered it, of extreme danger, panting, blanched in countenance, and with an expression of feature denoting the approach of a cerebral affection of the worst kind. The child was labouring under the effects of dentition and exposure to cold, and the breathing having become hurried, calomel and leeches to the chest had been ordered ; no use, however, was made of the leeches until the pulmonary irritation had become so decided as to fright-
advantages, proving
emulgent.
’.
415
endy considered that its advantages wholly improper
to
have
thrown
in
calomel,
he had knownI which was decidedly sedative medicine. depended upon circumstances; leech from prove fatal, In yellow fever, in erysipelatous, puerhæmorrhage single le another child had borne twenty with peral, and cerebral cases, and in all afa
a
In this Dr. Williams thought there fections of a typhoid character, it was a was nothing singular, but that any leeches valuable remedy, bearing in mind that its combination with other active were applied at all, or that so few were ap- judicious , at the same time he also thought, medicines was an importantpart of practice. there were so many i emedies employed in In apoplexy, especially, it might be considD;. Uwins’ case, that the virtues of the tur- ered as a most powerful and effective remereadily assigned. dy ;its diminution of the cerebral excitement pentne could not be Dr. It was replied by Uwins, that though was very decided ; in doses, of from half an fM.
he would rather confine himself to a defence ounce to an ounce. At the same time the o: his practice in this particular case, he practitioner should exercise great caution, as had no objection to say that his employment its liability to be carried into the circulation n:’ :he oil of turpentine would be chiefly in might produce injurious effects; it might t’Me cases in which he should fear the often be detected by the smell both in the effects of bleedingand calomel. He would urine and the breath. This especially indiresort to it where vascular irritation was cated the necessity for giving some other high, and the vital powers were very low ; medicine with it. He had himself taken ten he would in fact give the turpentine in any drachms of it, which, not having purged him, febrile affection that could be named in which he allowed to follow its own course, and in these symptoms were present, and that too at the course of 24 hours the whole of it passed the onset of his practice, whether there had off by the lungs, producing effects of by no brrn prior treatment or not. In his case the means a desirable kind. It was far from
I
,
, ‘
t
being
of the child was such that bleeding, a safe medicine, therefore, in acute out of the question. inflammation of the lungs, the heart, the ILe turpentine had certainly produced its pericarditis, or the pleura, in such doses effects before the gums were lanced. as would be likely to be absorbed into the DR. WHITING expressed himself as very circulation. little satisfied on the subject, and more DR. RAMADGE thought it a valuable meparticularly with the recommendation which dicine. In cases of febrile excitement, the the oil of turpentine had received as a cura- bowels being relaxed and the irritability tive agent; its employment was by no means great, in all cases in which a tympanitic state so systematic as it ought to be; and he of the abdomen exists, it might be employed thought that medical practitioners would do advantageously ; and especially in calling a very great service to medicine, by making other medicines into action. known their experience, and generalising the facts connected with it. December 14th, 1829. Da. STEWART inquired whether it was The observations on the use of turpentine tot iii topical congestions that turpentine were resumed this evening, chiefly turning was usually considered as most effective. Da. COPLAND advocated the practice on the different effects large which Dr. Uwins had adopted, and spoke and small doses, the latter occasioning very highly of the virtues of turpentine: It was, unpleasant and distressing results on the he said, a great antiseptic, a most powerful kidneys and intestines, the former very exastringent; whether taken internally or ap- cellent effects as a stimulant and emulgent. pried externally, it had the advantage ofDoses to the extent of an ounce were menon the nervous system as a powerful tioned as not too great in many cases, and as . mulant, and it was a most beneficial agentbeing a delightful medicine to act, and as .: promoting all the secretrons of the body. such, and in preference to small doses, it adminrstration, the doses which were was strongly recommended by Dr. Stewart, , the mode of compounding it, the Mr. Kingdon, Mr. Gossett, Dr. Whiting, circumstances under which it was given,Dr. Ramadge, Mr. Lloyd, Mr. Pereira, Mr. the subsequent treatment, were allDendy, and Mr. Stephens. Dr. Whiting very important things, and such assthought, however, that very great caution demander the exercise of the best possiblewas necessary in giving it to children ; fifteen . As to the specific diseases into twenty drops would occasionally prowhich it could be employed, he certainly7duce great irritation, blood from the bowels, was less easy to enumerate themaand a constant desire to micturate. He had, it was to form a judgment, when att however, and so had Dr. ltamadge, given D-u4side, whether it would be right ini ten, twenty, and thirty drops, to children .--- case under consideration to employI three times a day, without any injurious In Dr. U wins’ case, for instance, hEeffects. Mr. Burt found harm from adminisapproved it, where it would have been1 teringtwodrachms. Dr. Ryan had not, oate
of
ca!omel, was totally
I
produced by
of them
416 when mixed with four or six drachms of meant, literally, that gestation, which. reckcastor oil. Mr. Lloyd had repeatedly given oning from the moment of concepticn tj it in chronic rheumatism, and continued it the moment of parturition, lasted longer for a long time without any effect on the than the time generally admitted to burinary or-aiis ; if it had, he then discon- the usual duration. But was thtre positinued it for a day or two. To show how tive evidence for fixing the exact length of light an effect it might have on the urinary the period termed the usual duration (i organs, he said he had often given it in pregnancy. He (Dr. Granvrlle) shcuhi say It was usual for cases of gleet, and at the commencement of that there really was not. gonorrhœa, with copaiba, with excellent re- medical men to say, that nine mcnitu were sults. He thought it would be a great mis- the ultimum tempus in women. But who take to reject its advantages, on account of had proved this to be so’!? On the contrary, of its occasional ill effects. Dr. Ramadge the notions entertained on the subject, evua said he cculd bear testimony to its curative by those who considered the period of gestaagency in gonorrhoea ; and he vouched for tion to be limited within its shortest period. the fact that a young Frenchman who had were so vague, that some said tt was forty suffered with obstinate gonorrhoea for six weeks, while otheis called it nine month;, months, was completely cured by living for as if the expressions were synonymous, several days in a huusn which was newly though a difference of six, eight, or ttu painted throughout. The turpentine was days, existed between these two periods, or extensively absorbed externally, and could just as the months were to be of be distinctly smelt in the urine of persons thirty-one days’ length. Dr. Clarke was residing in newly-painted houses. Mr. one of these gentlemen. He was asked, on Stephens thought that, in giving it as a ver- a well-known trial, what was ti-efull term mifuge in large doses, and directing its of gestation ; and his reply was, undoubteffects with castor oil to the intestinal edly labour must begin at the expiration cf canal, the chief advantages of turpentine forty weeks after the last sexual intercourse. would be derived. Finally, to reconcile the He was asked how he could prove this, but occasional contrary effects of the medicine, question puzzled birr., ; and the oniv that lie could give was, his own assef’ Mr, Dendy said that it was probable the effects of large or small doses depended on tion, that, in several cases in his practice, the idiosyucracy of the individual takingit. he had the positive assurance of parties interested, that intercourse had ta,.en pisce ,’The laws of the Society have latterly un- once only, and Jor good, forty weeks before dergone much consideration, and the whole the commencement of parturition, ’iLe of them will shortly be brought under revi- number of those cases was r:ot above twenty, sion at a general meeting of the members. and, surely, twenty cases 1U the course of a The President has lately presented the long and extensive practice, were not ;ufiSociety with a handsome, and very service- cientto prove, undoubtedly, that labour:;.able, set of table lamps. variably began at the expiration of forty weeks. To proceed correctiy in the inquiry, it was necessary to know what was really the extent of the customary period of WESTMINSTER MEDICAL SOCIETY. gestation. The data, upon which the caiculation was usually made, were fallacious and Saturday, December 5th, 1829. absurd ; the cessation of the menses nas one, the frst appearance of symptoms deMR. BACOT in the Chair. noting pregnancy was another, and the phenomenon of quickening was a third; but, to the former of these, tie shouid answer u that POSSIBLE PROTRACTION OF GESTATION. he had seen many cases of women who had DR. GRANVILLE introduced the subject menstruated for months after pregnality of protracted gestation, for the purpose of had taken place, and he had had opportunydeciding, 1st, On the precise meaning of the ties in some of them of collecting portions of term; 2ndly, On the possibility of the pe- the menstrual fluid, and comparing at with riod of gestation being " protracted;" other portions ; there were other women 3dly, On the proof which could he produced also, who became pregnant without mellwhich slruating at all between one pregnancy and in its support. The several these questions embraced, he considered of another. These sigus then were perfectly vital importance to society, and such as I fallacious, and, in fact, the movements cf might be discussed with great interest and the child were the ouly criterion that advantage. Developing these objects in a be relied on. But then, again, when t!.te brier introduction, the doctor entered at were felt, what length could be already once on the question, What is meant by proassigned to the pregnancy, so as to enable tracted gestation?and his reply was, that it duration be calculated!? The
thirh
the proof
subjects
its
whole
to