- Email: [email protected]
Low cost, high resolution x-ray detector system for digital radiography and computed tomography
N DTAbstracts feature of this imaging system is its ability to detect individual neutron scintillation events with a high degree of spatial resolution. Details of this imaging system and the preliminary results obtained using a Pu-Be neutron source of strength - 2.10sup(7) n/s are reported in this paper.
detectors for X-ray radiography, of steel specimens, together, with the amplifier screens Perlux and Standard. A wide energy range (80-240 Kv) and steel specimen thickness (5-25 mm) were tested. The exposition monograph for radiography control which comply both DIN 54109 and the GOST 7512-82 standards was obtained. A methodology allowing the use of the photo paper was made.
Vaessen, B., Perdieus, P.; Proegler, H. Discussion of alternative systems for industrial radiography using x- ray films 61538
61123 Mengers, P. High resolution, near real-time x-ray video imaging without
Annual Meeting 1995. Non-destructive Materials Testing. 100 Years o f Roentgen Rays and Current Various Applications o f Non-Destructive Testing, Vol. 2, Aachen (Germany), 22-24 May 1995, pp. 355-367. (1995) ISBN 3931381005 In the last few years, "novel developments" have been put on the market as "alternatives" to conventional radiography. AGFA has been testing these alternatives, taking into account image quality, sensitivity, handling in terms of portability, reliability, and the essential functions for NDE: (1) detection of X-radiation; (2) conversion to optical image; (3) evaluation and validation: (4) documentation and archivation. The advantages and drawbacks, the information transfer capabilities, and the performance from the applications point of view are discussed primarily for fluorescent screen/film systems and storage phosphor systems.
image intensification X-ray Detector Physics and Applications, II. Annual Meeting of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, San Diego (United States), 11-16 Jul. 1993. pp. 203-213. Edited by V.J. Orphan. SPIE Vol. 2009 (1993) ISBN 0819412589 This paper discusses a type of x-ray camera designed to generate standard RS-170 video output. It employs a very sensitive, very high resolution, CCD sensor which views an x-ray-to-light conversion screen directly through a high speed imaging lens. This new solid state TV camera has very low readout noise plus unusually high gain which enables it to generate real-time video with incident flux levels. It can integrate for multiple frame intervals on the chip followed by the output of a standard, RS-170 format video frame containing two balanced interlaced fields. The basic elements of this type of camera will be described and applications discussed.
61520 Sinha, A.; Bhawe, B.D.; Panchal, C.G.; Shyam, A.; Srinivasan, M.; Joshi, V.M. Exploratory studies on neutron radiography with a small neutron source using a nuclear scintillation imaging technique
Smith, C.R.; Erker, J.W. Low cost, high resolution x-ray detector system for digital radiography and computed tomography 61122
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A, Vol. 377, No. 1, pp. 32-36. (Proceedings of the 2nd International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiography System Design and Characterization, Rikkyo University (Japan), 12-18 Nov. 1995. Edited by Hisao Kobayashi and Kohichi Mochiki, North-Holland (1996)) Neutron radiography based on mobile neutron sources need optimum utilization of available neutron fluxes which are usually lower compared to those available from reactors. For optimum utilization of such low flux devices, a sensitive neutron imaging technique is required. Such a neutron imaging system based on a Lisup(6)F-ZnS scintillator screen has been developed using a pair of image intensifier tubes and a charge coupled device. This detector system has been employed to study the feasibility of neutron radiography using low neutron fluences. The main feature of this imaging system is its ability to detect individual neutron scintillation events with a higher degree of spatial resolution.
X-ray Detector Physics and Applications, I1, Annual Meeting of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, San Diego (United States), 11-16 Jul. 1993. pp. 31-35. Edited by V.J. Orphan. SPIE Vol. 2009 (1993) ISBN 0819412589 The authors have designed and evaluated a novel design of line array xray detector for use with digital radiography (DR) and computed tomography (CT) systems. The Radiographic Line Scan (RLS) detector. Consists of a scintillator fiber-optically coupled to a thermo- electrically cooled line array CCD. Gadolinium oxysulfide screen material has been used as the scintillator, in thicknesses up to 250 microm. Servo controlled thermo-electric cooling of the CCD to a fixed temperature provides reduction of dark current and stabilization of the output. Greater dynamic range is achieved by reducing the dark current, while output stabilization reduces the need for frequent calibration of the detector. Measured performance characteristics are presented along with DR and CT images produced using the RLS detector.
Roney, T.; Galbraith, S.; White, T.; Clack, R.; O'Reilly, M. Feasibility and applications of cone beam x-ray imaging for containerized wastes 61303
Bueno, C., Barker, M.D. High resolution digital radiography and three-dimensional computed tomography 61121
Idaho National Engineering Lab., Idaho Falls (United States), DE96002776/GAR, 29 pp. (1995) Large area scintillation screens coupled to video and scientific-grade CCD cameras allow high speed digital data acquisition for both single 2-D x-ray projections and tomographic data sets comprised of multiple 2-D projections. This paper review issues associated with processing and interpretation of the data and approaches to resolving some of the problems for containerized waste inspection.
X-ray Detector Physics and Applications, II. Annual Meeting of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, San Diego (United States), 11-16 Jul. 1993. pp. 179-191. Edited by V.J. Orphan. SPIE Vol. 2009 (1993) ISB N 0819412589 Real-time radiographic (RTR) and near-real-time radiographic imaging systems offer solutions to some of the problems of film radiography. First, the operator can view the image immediately upon acquisition and thus optimize the inspection in a timely manner, and second, because the images are acquired electronically, the need for developing images is eliminated, and image analysis, storage, and retrieval are simplified. The authors describe new solid-state x-ray camera system designs, the new scintillating glass and fiber-optic x-ray-to-light conversion screens, and their performance in x-ray tests. They compare the performance of these systems with that of x-ray image-intensifier tube systems and discuss the use of these new systems for acquisition of 3-D CT images.
61292 Klann, R.T. A system for fast neutron radiography Proceedings o f the 5th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques: Neutrons in Research and Industry, Crete (Greece), 9-15 Jun. 1996, 6 pp. ANL/ED/CP--88478. U.S. Government Printing Office (1996). DE96009053 A system has been designed and a neutron generator installed to perform fast neutron radiography. With this system, objects as small as a coin or as large as a waste drum can be radiograpbed. The neutron source is an MF Physics A-711 neutron generator which produces 3x10 neutrons/second with an average energy of 14.5 MeV. The radiography system uses x-ray scintillation screens and film in commercially available cassettes. The cassettes have been modified to include a thin sheet of plastic to convert neutrons to protons through elastic scattering from hydrogen and other low Z materials in the plastic. For film densities from 1.8 to 3.0, exposures range from 1.9x 10 to 3.8xi0 n/cm depending on the type of screen and film,
Wiacker, tt.; Nuding, W.; Sauerwein, C.; Sauerwein, H.; Link, R.; Schaefer, M.; Seifert, R. Integrated radioscopic and tomographic high resolution X-ray inspection system 60715
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computerized Tomography for Industrial Applications, Berlin (Germany), 8-10 Jun. 1994, pp. 202- 209. FIZ Karlsruhe (1995) For radioscopic inspection the image is picked-up by a high resolution CCD camera with 1024 x I024 pixels. The video signal is processed by a very fast high precision image computer in real time. The central section of the converter output screen is depicted onto a linear diode array with 1024 elements. The output of this detector is used for the reconstruction of cross-sectional images. The reconstruction can be accelerated by means of transputers to less than one minute.
Fernandez, L.M.; Sanchez, C. Substitution of the radiographic plaques for photographic paper for X- ray radiography (In Spanish) 61286
Construction de Maquinaria, No. 3, pp. 3-6 (1994) The photo paper Afga-Gevaert and the Chinese Friendship were used as
218
detectors for X-ray radiography, of steel specimens, together, with the amplifier screens Perlux and Standard. A wide energy range (80-240 Kv) and steel specimen thickness (5-25 mm) were tested. The exposition monograph for radiography control which comply both DIN 54109 and the GOST 7512-82 standards was obtained. A methodology allowing the use of the photo paper was made.
Vaessen, B., Perdieus, P.; Proegler, H. Discussion of alternative systems for industrial radiography using x- ray films 61538
61123 Mengers, P. High resolution, near real-time x-ray video imaging without
Annual Meeting 1995. Non-destructive Materials Testing. 100 Years o f Roentgen Rays and Current Various Applications o f Non-Destructive Testing, Vol. 2, Aachen (Germany), 22-24 May 1995, pp. 355-367. (1995) ISBN 3931381005 In the last few years, "novel developments" have been put on the market as "alternatives" to conventional radiography. AGFA has been testing these alternatives, taking into account image quality, sensitivity, handling in terms of portability, reliability, and the essential functions for NDE: (1) detection of X-radiation; (2) conversion to optical image; (3) evaluation and validation: (4) documentation and archivation. The advantages and drawbacks, the information transfer capabilities, and the performance from the applications point of view are discussed primarily for fluorescent screen/film systems and storage phosphor systems.
image intensification X-ray Detector Physics and Applications, II. Annual Meeting of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, San Diego (United States), 11-16 Jul. 1993. pp. 203-213. Edited by V.J. Orphan. SPIE Vol. 2009 (1993) ISBN 0819412589 This paper discusses a type of x-ray camera designed to generate standard RS-170 video output. It employs a very sensitive, very high resolution, CCD sensor which views an x-ray-to-light conversion screen directly through a high speed imaging lens. This new solid state TV camera has very low readout noise plus unusually high gain which enables it to generate real-time video with incident flux levels. It can integrate for multiple frame intervals on the chip followed by the output of a standard, RS-170 format video frame containing two balanced interlaced fields. The basic elements of this type of camera will be described and applications discussed.
61520 Sinha, A.; Bhawe, B.D.; Panchal, C.G.; Shyam, A.; Srinivasan, M.; Joshi, V.M. Exploratory studies on neutron radiography with a small neutron source using a nuclear scintillation imaging technique
Smith, C.R.; Erker, J.W. Low cost, high resolution x-ray detector system for digital radiography and computed tomography 61122
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A, Vol. 377, No. 1, pp. 32-36. (Proceedings of the 2nd International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiography System Design and Characterization, Rikkyo University (Japan), 12-18 Nov. 1995. Edited by Hisao Kobayashi and Kohichi Mochiki, North-Holland (1996)) Neutron radiography based on mobile neutron sources need optimum utilization of available neutron fluxes which are usually lower compared to those available from reactors. For optimum utilization of such low flux devices, a sensitive neutron imaging technique is required. Such a neutron imaging system based on a Lisup(6)F-ZnS scintillator screen has been developed using a pair of image intensifier tubes and a charge coupled device. This detector system has been employed to study the feasibility of neutron radiography using low neutron fluences. The main feature of this imaging system is its ability to detect individual neutron scintillation events with a higher degree of spatial resolution.
X-ray Detector Physics and Applications, I1, Annual Meeting of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, San Diego (United States), 11-16 Jul. 1993. pp. 31-35. Edited by V.J. Orphan. SPIE Vol. 2009 (1993) ISBN 0819412589 The authors have designed and evaluated a novel design of line array xray detector for use with digital radiography (DR) and computed tomography (CT) systems. The Radiographic Line Scan (RLS) detector. Consists of a scintillator fiber-optically coupled to a thermo- electrically cooled line array CCD. Gadolinium oxysulfide screen material has been used as the scintillator, in thicknesses up to 250 microm. Servo controlled thermo-electric cooling of the CCD to a fixed temperature provides reduction of dark current and stabilization of the output. Greater dynamic range is achieved by reducing the dark current, while output stabilization reduces the need for frequent calibration of the detector. Measured performance characteristics are presented along with DR and CT images produced using the RLS detector.
Roney, T.; Galbraith, S.; White, T.; Clack, R.; O'Reilly, M. Feasibility and applications of cone beam x-ray imaging for containerized wastes 61303
Bueno, C., Barker, M.D. High resolution digital radiography and three-dimensional computed tomography 61121
Idaho National Engineering Lab., Idaho Falls (United States), DE96002776/GAR, 29 pp. (1995) Large area scintillation screens coupled to video and scientific-grade CCD cameras allow high speed digital data acquisition for both single 2-D x-ray projections and tomographic data sets comprised of multiple 2-D projections. This paper review issues associated with processing and interpretation of the data and approaches to resolving some of the problems for containerized waste inspection.
X-ray Detector Physics and Applications, II. Annual Meeting of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, San Diego (United States), 11-16 Jul. 1993. pp. 179-191. Edited by V.J. Orphan. SPIE Vol. 2009 (1993) ISB N 0819412589 Real-time radiographic (RTR) and near-real-time radiographic imaging systems offer solutions to some of the problems of film radiography. First, the operator can view the image immediately upon acquisition and thus optimize the inspection in a timely manner, and second, because the images are acquired electronically, the need for developing images is eliminated, and image analysis, storage, and retrieval are simplified. The authors describe new solid-state x-ray camera system designs, the new scintillating glass and fiber-optic x-ray-to-light conversion screens, and their performance in x-ray tests. They compare the performance of these systems with that of x-ray image-intensifier tube systems and discuss the use of these new systems for acquisition of 3-D CT images.
61292 Klann, R.T. A system for fast neutron radiography Proceedings o f the 5th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques: Neutrons in Research and Industry, Crete (Greece), 9-15 Jun. 1996, 6 pp. ANL/ED/CP--88478. U.S. Government Printing Office (1996). DE96009053 A system has been designed and a neutron generator installed to perform fast neutron radiography. With this system, objects as small as a coin or as large as a waste drum can be radiograpbed. The neutron source is an MF Physics A-711 neutron generator which produces 3x10 neutrons/second with an average energy of 14.5 MeV. The radiography system uses x-ray scintillation screens and film in commercially available cassettes. The cassettes have been modified to include a thin sheet of plastic to convert neutrons to protons through elastic scattering from hydrogen and other low Z materials in the plastic. For film densities from 1.8 to 3.0, exposures range from 1.9x 10 to 3.8xi0 n/cm depending on the type of screen and film,
Wiacker, tt.; Nuding, W.; Sauerwein, C.; Sauerwein, H.; Link, R.; Schaefer, M.; Seifert, R. Integrated radioscopic and tomographic high resolution X-ray inspection system 60715
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computerized Tomography for Industrial Applications, Berlin (Germany), 8-10 Jun. 1994, pp. 202- 209. FIZ Karlsruhe (1995) For radioscopic inspection the image is picked-up by a high resolution CCD camera with 1024 x I024 pixels. The video signal is processed by a very fast high precision image computer in real time. The central section of the converter output screen is depicted onto a linear diode array with 1024 elements. The output of this detector is used for the reconstruction of cross-sectional images. The reconstruction can be accelerated by means of transputers to less than one minute.
Fernandez, L.M.; Sanchez, C. Substitution of the radiographic plaques for photographic paper for X- ray radiography (In Spanish) 61286
Construction de Maquinaria, No. 3, pp. 3-6 (1994) The photo paper Afga-Gevaert and the Chinese Friendship were used as
218