LYNN THOMAS AND SKYRME FUND.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.

1508

:are not taken into the bed, otherwise they would be cold and "comfortless. The discussion seemed to suggest that fatalities rom "suffocation under the bedclothes from the want of -fresh air while in bed with the parenta" are steadily decreasing, possibly pari pass1b with the rising tide of mational temperance, and the meeting urged Mr. Samuel - to consider the facts and opinions adduced in the report on ’ overlaying " contained in the Criminal Statistics for 1902, in which over-working is said to be an equal cause with over4r!nking in the production of these preventable deaths.

Ten Shillings from-

A.

Iz

It was resolved to issue Diplomas of Membership to 101 - successful candidates ’and it was also resolved to issue - diplomas of the Licence in Dental Surgery to 29 successful candidates. The Board of Examiners in Dental Surgery presented a report in which they recommended that two summer sessions aid a second winter’s attendance at general hospital practice should be accepted for the L.D.S. England instead of two winter sessions as required by the present regulations, and ’that the courses of lectures on medicine and surgery should be attended after the completion of the courses of lectures

approved

Subscribers of One Guinea. Uharl s tt atraton, 6alisbury. J. R, Armstrong, Treorchy. H. E. Bruce-Porter, London. Gerald Sichel, Sevenoaks. Alfred Brown, Manchester. Charles E. Tanner, Farnham, Frank R. Corner, London. Surrey. Alexander Cook, Annfield Plain, S. Johnson Taylor, Norwich. John C. Thorowgood, Bognor, Co. Durham. Sussex. E. Hyla Greves, Bournemouth. W. Huntington, St. Andrews, N.B. W. Bolton Tomson, Luton, Beds. Raymond Johnson, London. D. Roe.vn Jones, Newport. Thos. Agmondisham Vesey, RosJames Little, Dublin. trevor, Co. Down, Ireland. H. G. Lvs, Bournemouth. E. Walford, Cardiff. John D. Malcolm, London. A T. Waterhouse, Oxford. C. A. Moore, Leicester. Widnes and District Medical James Neil, Oxford. Society, per C. S. Brebner. A. S. Newington, Ticehurst, P. Watson Williams, Bristol. A. E. Wilsnn, Boston, Lines. Sussex. Lieut.-Col. W. Price, I.M.S., Augustus Winterbottom, Lundon. S. India. Charles Winterbottom, London. Coonoor, Nilgiri Hills, A. Maitland Rfunsay. Glasgow. W. Charrington Wood, Penshurst, Kent. George T. Rossiter, Weston-superMare. S2cbscriber of One Pound. Frank A. Spreat, London.

and

adopted. The PRESIDENT reported the action which he had taken in Teference to the action of some Members of the College in connexion with the poll of the Fellows and Members on the .question of the admission of women to examination for the
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Douglas, Glasgow. F. W. Goyder, Bradford.

LYNN THOMAS AND SKYRME FUND.

F.

üreat Yarmoucn.

Wyatt Smith, Woking.

W. Howard Sturge, Hoddesdon, Herts. E. M Swanwick, West Hartlepool. W. J. Tyson, Folkestone. George W. Weir. South Shields. Claude Wilson, Tunbridge Wells.

A. 0. Haslewood, Buxton. A. Higginson, Bolton. Donald Morison, Driffield, Yorks. F. J. de C. Neale, Mumbles. Captain J. W. F. Rait. I.M.S. J. D. Rawling-, Dorking.

examiner.

The PRESIDENT stated that the vacancy on the Council thus occasioned would be filled at the annual election in July. The PRESIDENT reported that, acting under the powers conferred on him by the statutes of the University of Wales, be. had appointed Mr. John H. Morgan, C.V.O., a member of the medical board of the University.

Subser2bers of ffalf a-Gttinea. James itytey.

Carstairs

’best thanks of the Council be transmitted to Mr. Marsh for his services in connexion with the College both as a member iof the Council and as an

I

Five Shillings from-

Clare, Hanley.

College.

was

-

Subscribers of Three Pmtnil.s Seventeen Shillings. Scarborough Division of the British Medical Association Members, per Leonard T. Giles. Subscribers of Three G!tineas. Oxford Medical Society, per John D. Ballance. Birmingham. Arthur Waters. S. Cromwell Jones, Merthyr Southport Medical Society, per Tydfil. C. Roney Schofield. Subscribers of Two Gisineas. Halifax and District Medical Society, per Roderick J. Mackay. J. Macpherson Lawrie, Weymouth.

AN ordinary meeting of the Council was held on May 14th, Mr. HENRY MORRIS, the President, being in the chair. Dr. Thomas James Walker of Peterborough was intro.auced and after signing the by-laws and making the required declaration he was admitted a Fellow of the

anatomy and physiology. The report

-

T. M. Kimpster, Gateshead. A. W. Blacklock, Gateshead. J. W. Mackay, Pelaw. W. J. Durant, Gateshead. A. Dougal, Dunston. E. C. Moore, Gateshead. S. J. B. Fox, Crayhead, County S. V. Robinson, Gateshead. Durham. W. R Sergeant, Gateshead. W. Galloway, Low Fell. W. Smith. Gateshead. C. R. Stewart, Gateshead. H. J. Gilbert, Gateshead. A. Green, Gateshead. J. Todd, Gateshead. Subscribers of Five G!tineas. Oxford and Reading Branch of the British Medical Association, per W. T. Freeman, Reading. Staffordshire Branch of the British Medical Association, per John

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.

on

IW. Mearns, Gateshead.

W. Jaques, Washington. S. Jaques, Gateshead.

Subscribers of Ten Shillings.

I A...t1.Ua.llltit

wveau

uriiwini.

juue, Sltbscribers

I

R.

JJ. Furetoy, Uubhn.

of Five Shillings. Chorley and. District Medical Society, per J. W. Maskell Byers, Wilmslow. Alfred E. Winckworth, Shefford, Beds. (further subscription). Subscriber of Half-a-Crown. A. W. W. Dowding, Algeciras, per L. D. Parsons, Gibraltar (further subscription).

C.

I

THE following subscriptions have been received between LECTURES ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.-At Uni’May 9th and May 15th by Mr. William Sheen, M.S. Lond., versity College, London, on May 13th, Dr. W. Page May F.R.C.S.Eng. (2, St. Andrew’s-crescent, Cardiff), honorary began a series of lectures on the structure and function secretary to the fund. of the central nervous system. Dr. May commenced the Sltbscribers of Seven Pounds Seventeen Shillings and Sixpence. course by sketching the history of the progress of knowledge the structure of nerve cells and described with detail the minute anatomy of the nerve cell, considerable each : that during the next few years a great deal of remarking Arthur Anderson. Warrington. Henry Langdals, Warrington. attention would be paid to the structure and function of James Bennett, Warrington. T. U. Mercer, Widnes. E. E. Bowden, Warrington. T. A. Murray, Penketh, Warring- nucleoli. He also briefly discussed the neuron theory and Charles S. Brebner, ton. Widnes, drew particular attention to -the importance of careful Lanes. J. B. Naden, Warrington. observation and the need for suspended judgment when dealH. Ambrose Burrowes, Lymm, W. J. Peacocke, Warrington. Cheshire. G. T. Schofield, Widnes. ing with appearances under the microscope. Cells in a state E. 0. Jago, Warrington. of rest presented quite a different appearance from those in a Reginald Smith, Warrington. H. Joseph, Warrington. G. W. Joseph, Warrington. state of activity, while chemical reagents also modified their Subscribers of Seven Pounds Seven Shillings. forms. A striking illustration given by the lecturer was the Gateshead Division of the British Medical Association, per Alfred Cox, similarity under the microscope between certain nerve cells the amount being malie up as follows :and white blood corpuscles. Some very fine microscopic One Guinea /’fom— I specimens were shown. The lectures, which are free to all tt. H. Morris, Gateshea.d-on-Tyne. students of the University of London and medical men on presentation of a visiting card, will be continued on .HotM’-a-
Wllrrington

Division of the British Medical Association, per T. A. members giving HalJ-a-Gltinea (10s. 6d.)

regarding

Murray, the following

,

,

If

*

LOOKING BACK.-PUBLIC HEALTH AND POOR LAW. William Clowes,

1509

Peter Lowe, John Woodall, Richard

Wiseman, John Brown, and John Ranby, successively wrote* on military surgery, and some slight improvement is.

Looking Back.

ascertainable in their works. Within the last century, however, no work of great merit, written in the Englishlanguage, came out on the subject until the appearance of John Hunter’s Treatise on the Blood, Inflammation, any Gunshot Wounds. This great work was posthumous, and

FROM

THE LANCET, SATURDAY, May 22nd, 1830.

in 1794. IT would appear, from the ancient profane writers, that published Of authors, J. and C. Bell, Hennen, and Thompson, living military surgery was considered the most honourable departbeen the most distinguished amongst the English. Mr. and the have medical the of ment Greeks, profession amongst Guthrie has also written copiously on the subject. On theskill in the treatment of wounds was an important item in the works of Peray, Larrey, Assalini, and the accomplishments of a military chief. This fact may be Continent, are highly valuable. But an introduction to the Paroisse, accounted for, on reflecting that as war was the only source of power, those who were most subject to its injuries, were principles of military surgery, calculated to assist the the most influential men. The practitioner who was directly student, was a desideratum, until the work of Dr. Hennen," useful to princes and generals, acquired a greater share of the third edition of which is now before us, first appeared. rewardsand honours than he whose office it was to We have perused the book with great care and much administer aid to the women and children ; hence was pleasure, and wish to recommend to our readers the study of derived the superiority of the military over the civil prac- an author who, during a life of active service in the field, has acquired a consummate knowledge of his art. titioner. the and the Amongst Romans, Greeks, probably amongst 1 Excerpt from review of Principles of Military Surgery ; comprising in a more luxurious age, this distinction did not obtain in so Observations on the Arrangement, Police, and Practice of Hospitals marked a degree, and medical men, generally, were not so and on the History, Treatment, and Anomalies of Variola and Syphilis. F.R.S., Inspector of Military Hospitals. highly respected. In the dark ages, and even after the By John Hennen, M.D.,John Wilson. 1830. 8vo. pp. 584. revival of learning, the practice of surgery was confined to Third edition. London. the dregs of the people. It was not before the fifteenth century that field-surgeons came into any note ; they were principally attached to general officers, and although not obliged to act as combatants, received a certain portion of booty and prisoners. "The field surgeon of Henry the Fifth of England LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD. (Nicholas Colnet), received a yearly sum of forty marks, in addition to his share of plunder; but Nicholas had to furnish three archers, and if his booty exceeded twenty REPORTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS OF HEALTH. pounds, he was to give up one-third to his majesty." Bath Urban, District.-Dr. W. H. Symons reports that the In a letter written by a military officer, in the reign of district council has adopted the Notification of Births Act Queen Elizabeth, the following passage may tend to show the and has appointed a health visitor. The proposal to adopt estimation in which army-surgeons were held in the days of the Act met with some opposition from certain medical that sovereign :practitioners owing to the fact that notification is required " Every captain of one hundred footmen doth receive without any corresponding remuneration for the labourweekly, upon every Saturday, his full entertainment of involved, and there can be no doubt that this omission on twenty-eight shillings; in like case, every lieutenant the part of the legislature is an injustice. Dr. Symons in fourteen, and ensign seven; our sergeant, surgeon, drum, dealing with the question of the milk-supply of Bath states,, and fife, five shillings pay, by way of imprest; and every with reference to the farms from which the milk is procured, common soldier three shillings, delivered to all by the poll, that the milk is not artificially cooled at any of them, sinceweekly. To the four last lon:er fl.tfilJers, two shillings weekly ; the dealers who purchase it stipulate that it shall be deand for every common soldier, weekly is to be livered warm. This is a remarkable stipulation and it needs answered, to the full value thereof, in good apparel of some further explanation. Certainly the milk should be different kinds." cooled to as low a temperature as practicable immediately The institution of the more permanent establishments for it is drawn and the defect of most dairymen is that they areinvalids first took place at Constantinople, in the end of the unable in consequence of having no refrigerating apparatuseleventh century. In those times the knights attended the to cool the milk to a lower temperature than 600 F. We sick and wounded themselves, compounding balsams and suggest that the milk of Bath should be carefully examined vulnerary drinks for them with great spirit and perseverance, for the presence of such undesirable preservatives as boric:although with no pretensions to scientific accuracy, for, acid or formalin. Bath subscribes for two beds at the according to Guy de Chauliae, they trusted to exorcisms, Winsley Sanatorium for pulmonary tuberculosis and since the:^ beverages, oil, wool, and cabbage-leaves ! The regular opening of this institution 20 Bath patients have undergone physicians and surgeons took the duties of the hospitals on treatment. Of these, nine are known to be well and able tothemselves, in the beginning of the fifteenth century, and work ; three, though able to do a little work, are not so well were guided by a code of written regulations, and principles (including one who was readmitted) ; and six are known to rather more scientific. have died. This apparently leaves two who are unaccountedTo Henri Quatre, military surgery is much indebted for the for. Dr. Symons adds that since June, 1906, the class of case establishment of field hospitals, and the encouragement from Bath has improved, but that there is still much room which he afforded to surgeons. Ambrose Pare, the surgeon for improvement in the selection of cases. It is, he thinks, and counsellor of this great monarch, was one of the earliest I I almost impossible to obtain patients in the early stages, and best of army surgeons. He followed the French armies, since the disease is of such an insidious nature that it has* which he first joined at Turin 1536, in all their operations, made great progress before the patient realises that there isdown to the battle of Moncontour in 1569, which is the latest the matter with him and so does not seek advice.’’ anything date mentioned in the history of his campaigns. All the The now before us contains a summary of the Winsley report works of this eminent surgeon were collected and published Sanatorium report for 1907. It appears that during January, together, by Guillemeau at Paris, in 1582. A number of con- 1908, an attempt was made to obtain replies from all thetinental surgical authors followed in the career of Paré, but patients who had been admitted prior to Dec. 31st, none of them attained to any great celebrity. 1906. It is not stated what the total number was, but weThe earliest English military author is Thomas Gale, who are told that 270 replies were received. These replies may served as a surgeon in the army of Henry VIII., at Montreuil be thus summarised — in 1544; and also in that of King Philip of Spain, at Well and able to follow their several occupations......... 111 St. Qaintin, 1557. He published the Institution of a Relapsed and unable to work, or, if at all, at very light 50 and also a other and Treatise on Gunshot Chirurgeon, tracts, work 50 Wounds, London, 1563, 8vo. The general state of military Dead 109 surgery was, however, deplorable in his day ; tinkers, 270 cobblers, and the most humble practitioners of the veterinaryr art, forming a part of the surgical attendants on the army in With regard to these latter (the dead), it is stated that the field. "many were very advanced on admission and in some cases

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Public Health

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Poor Law.

twenty-pence

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