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Lysosomal glycosidases and their role in adaptive responses of marine mollusks to petroleum pollution
S364
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 238S (2015) S56–S383
tently generated and creates a complete report for use as part of a regulatory submission. The use of a standardized reporting format facilitates assessment by both industrial sponsors and regulatory authorities. The output also provides the necessary audit trail to document the final conclusions. To understand the value of expert opinions, we assessed the incremental value by blindly evaluating 49 test compounds (30 Ames positive and 19 negative) by a human with chemistry and toxicology knowledge constructing an expert opinion for each. Creation of an expert opinion reduced computationally predicted false positives by 55% and false negatives by 22%. Overall accuracy improved by 13% and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivity, and negative predictivity improved 7%, 21%, 12%, and 14% respectively. We conclude that creation of an expert opinion is valuable in reducing the number of false positives and doing so using a Standard Operating Procedure through the Submission Tool results in submissions that are transparent, comprehensive, consistent and traceable.
lysosomal glycosidases are actively involved in adaptive metabolic reconstructions, and changes in their activity depend on organ specific functions and the effecting factor. The research was carried out using the facilities of the Equipment Sharing Centre of the Institute of Biology, KarRC of RAS and supported by Grant of the Russian Federation President “Leading scientific school of Russia”, 1410.2014.4; Programs of Russian Academy of Sciences “Living nature” and “Origin of life”, 2012-2014; COOPENOR: “Combined effects of Petroleum and the Environment in bivalves from the Norwegian-Russian Arctic”. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.1040
P22-004 Comparison of cytotoxicity of curcumin, resveratrol and rosmarinic acid in different cell lines
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.1038 P22 – General Toxicology P22-001 Lysosomal glycosidases and their role in adaptive responses of marine mollusks to petroleum pollution E. Vdovichenko 1,∗ , R. Vysotskaya 1 , I. Bakhmet 2 1
Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory for Ecological Biochemistry, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation 2 Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory for Fish and Water Invertebrate Ecology, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation Bivalves have been used for many years in biomonitoring of water bodies due to their sensitivity to the toxicants. Two species of marine mollusks (blue mussel Mytilus edulis L. and horse mussel Modiolus modiolus L.) differed by their habitat conditions (temperature, salinity, etc.) have been chosen. The cells of the digestive gland are known to be rich in lysosomes which perform a variety of reactions involved in normal physiological as well as pathological processes. The activity of lysosomal glycosidases could be used as a potential biomarker of adaptive responses in mollusks to pollution as they use carbohydrates (mostly glucose-containing compounds) as the main source of energy. Under adverse conditions bivalves isolate themselves from the environment by closing shell valves and minimizing the metabolism. This seems to be their main strategy of adaptation. So, it is supposed that the activity of enzymes studied could change significantly. So, the aim was to investigate the activity of 3 lysosomal glycosidases (-glucosidase, -galactosidase, -glucuronidase) and their role in adaptive responses of digestive gland in marine mollusks exposed to different concentrations of crude oil (1, 5, 50 ml) during 1, 3 and 10 days. It was shown that the activity of -galactosidase and -glucuronidase significantly increased while the activity of -glucosidase decreased in the digestive gland of blue mussels. This is considered to be the result of metabolic switching over to alternative sources of energy by involving of galactose-containing glycoconjugates. Moreover, -glucuronidase is known to hydrolyze different glucuronides by eliminating of glucuronic acid which then neutralizes inorganic and organic xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites by glucuronide conjugation. The activity of enzymes in horse mussels were found to change slightly. The data obtained allow to conclude that the
M. Bacanli 1 , H.G. Goktas 1,2 , Z. Sarigöl 1 , S. Aydin 1 , A. Basaran 3 , N. Basaran 1,∗ 1 Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Cukurova University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology, Adana, Turkey 3 Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
Cancer is a one of the principal causes of deaths worldwide. Natural products are widely used as dietary supplements for chemoprevention purposes because of their potential antioxidant properties. Also epidemiological studies indicate that populations consuming high levels of plant-derived foods have low incidence rates of various cancers. Curcumin is a polyphenolic yellow pigment, widely used as a spice and in traditional medicine. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring phytoalexin, is present in grapes and several other common foodstuffs. Rosmarinic acid is distributed in Lamiaceae herbs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of curcumin, resveratrol and rosmarinic acid in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO), Human Breast Carcinoma (BT-474) and Human Epithelial Adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells by neutral red uptake (NRU) assay following the protocol described by Saquib et al. (2012) after 18 h (1.5 cell cycle) incubation. IC50 values of curcumin, resveratrol, and rosmarinic acid in CHO cells were found to be 50 M, 120 M and 150 M respectively. In HeLa cells, IC50 values of curcumin was found to be 48 M whereas IC50 values of resveratrol and rosmarinic acid could not be calculated in the concentrations we studied. The phenolic compounds were not found to be cytotoxic in BT-474 cells hence the IC50 values were not calculated. Differences in the cytotoxic activity of these plant phenolics in different cell lines were observed assuming that attention must be given in the usage of phenolic compounds in different disorders especially in different cancer types. Further investigations such as using more cell lines and more cytotoxicity assays and incubations with various concentrations at different time points should be performed to confirm the beneficial and toxic effects of phenolics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.1041
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 238S (2015) S56–S383
tently generated and creates a complete report for use as part of a regulatory submission. The use of a standardized reporting format facilitates assessment by both industrial sponsors and regulatory authorities. The output also provides the necessary audit trail to document the final conclusions. To understand the value of expert opinions, we assessed the incremental value by blindly evaluating 49 test compounds (30 Ames positive and 19 negative) by a human with chemistry and toxicology knowledge constructing an expert opinion for each. Creation of an expert opinion reduced computationally predicted false positives by 55% and false negatives by 22%. Overall accuracy improved by 13% and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivity, and negative predictivity improved 7%, 21%, 12%, and 14% respectively. We conclude that creation of an expert opinion is valuable in reducing the number of false positives and doing so using a Standard Operating Procedure through the Submission Tool results in submissions that are transparent, comprehensive, consistent and traceable.
lysosomal glycosidases are actively involved in adaptive metabolic reconstructions, and changes in their activity depend on organ specific functions and the effecting factor. The research was carried out using the facilities of the Equipment Sharing Centre of the Institute of Biology, KarRC of RAS and supported by Grant of the Russian Federation President “Leading scientific school of Russia”, 1410.2014.4; Programs of Russian Academy of Sciences “Living nature” and “Origin of life”, 2012-2014; COOPENOR: “Combined effects of Petroleum and the Environment in bivalves from the Norwegian-Russian Arctic”. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.1040
P22-004 Comparison of cytotoxicity of curcumin, resveratrol and rosmarinic acid in different cell lines
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.1038 P22 – General Toxicology P22-001 Lysosomal glycosidases and their role in adaptive responses of marine mollusks to petroleum pollution E. Vdovichenko 1,∗ , R. Vysotskaya 1 , I. Bakhmet 2 1
Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory for Ecological Biochemistry, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation 2 Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory for Fish and Water Invertebrate Ecology, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation Bivalves have been used for many years in biomonitoring of water bodies due to their sensitivity to the toxicants. Two species of marine mollusks (blue mussel Mytilus edulis L. and horse mussel Modiolus modiolus L.) differed by their habitat conditions (temperature, salinity, etc.) have been chosen. The cells of the digestive gland are known to be rich in lysosomes which perform a variety of reactions involved in normal physiological as well as pathological processes. The activity of lysosomal glycosidases could be used as a potential biomarker of adaptive responses in mollusks to pollution as they use carbohydrates (mostly glucose-containing compounds) as the main source of energy. Under adverse conditions bivalves isolate themselves from the environment by closing shell valves and minimizing the metabolism. This seems to be their main strategy of adaptation. So, it is supposed that the activity of enzymes studied could change significantly. So, the aim was to investigate the activity of 3 lysosomal glycosidases (-glucosidase, -galactosidase, -glucuronidase) and their role in adaptive responses of digestive gland in marine mollusks exposed to different concentrations of crude oil (1, 5, 50 ml) during 1, 3 and 10 days. It was shown that the activity of -galactosidase and -glucuronidase significantly increased while the activity of -glucosidase decreased in the digestive gland of blue mussels. This is considered to be the result of metabolic switching over to alternative sources of energy by involving of galactose-containing glycoconjugates. Moreover, -glucuronidase is known to hydrolyze different glucuronides by eliminating of glucuronic acid which then neutralizes inorganic and organic xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites by glucuronide conjugation. The activity of enzymes in horse mussels were found to change slightly. The data obtained allow to conclude that the
M. Bacanli 1 , H.G. Goktas 1,2 , Z. Sarigöl 1 , S. Aydin 1 , A. Basaran 3 , N. Basaran 1,∗ 1 Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey 2 Cukurova University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology, Adana, Turkey 3 Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
Cancer is a one of the principal causes of deaths worldwide. Natural products are widely used as dietary supplements for chemoprevention purposes because of their potential antioxidant properties. Also epidemiological studies indicate that populations consuming high levels of plant-derived foods have low incidence rates of various cancers. Curcumin is a polyphenolic yellow pigment, widely used as a spice and in traditional medicine. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring phytoalexin, is present in grapes and several other common foodstuffs. Rosmarinic acid is distributed in Lamiaceae herbs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of curcumin, resveratrol and rosmarinic acid in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO), Human Breast Carcinoma (BT-474) and Human Epithelial Adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells by neutral red uptake (NRU) assay following the protocol described by Saquib et al. (2012) after 18 h (1.5 cell cycle) incubation. IC50 values of curcumin, resveratrol, and rosmarinic acid in CHO cells were found to be 50 M, 120 M and 150 M respectively. In HeLa cells, IC50 values of curcumin was found to be 48 M whereas IC50 values of resveratrol and rosmarinic acid could not be calculated in the concentrations we studied. The phenolic compounds were not found to be cytotoxic in BT-474 cells hence the IC50 values were not calculated. Differences in the cytotoxic activity of these plant phenolics in different cell lines were observed assuming that attention must be given in the usage of phenolic compounds in different disorders especially in different cancer types. Further investigations such as using more cell lines and more cytotoxicity assays and incubations with various concentrations at different time points should be performed to confirm the beneficial and toxic effects of phenolics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.1041