- Email: [email protected]
Magnetic properties of stainless steels under corrosive action of based on choline chloride ionic liquids
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 477 (2019) 74–76
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmmm
Research articles
Magnetic properties of stainless steels under corrosive action of based on choline chloride ionic liquids
T
⁎
O. Demidenkoa, , A. Zhyvulkaa, K. Yanushkevicha, A. Galiasa, V. Constantinb, E.I. Neacsub, C. Donathb, A.M. Popescub a
Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre NAS of Belarus, Laboratory of Physics of Magnetic Materials, P.Brovki str, 19, Minsk 220072, Belarus Ilie Murgulescu Institute of Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Corrosion, Splaiul Independentei 202, Bucharest-Sector 6-PO Box 12-194, Bucharest, Romania
b
A R T I C LE I N FO
A B S T R A C T
Keywords: Magnetization Stainless steels Ionic liquids
An influence of corrosion action based on choline chloride ionic liquids on magnetic properties of various grades of stainless steels has been studied. OL44, OL52, S.4571, Monel 400 and Uranus B6 stainless steels were exposured by action of ChCl-Oxalic Acid (1:0.5) M and ChCl-Malonic Acid (1:2) M solutions at 80 °C during 1 month. The temperature dependences of the specific magnetization before and after corrosion action were studied by ponderomotive method in 0.86 T magnetic field in the temperature range of 77–1000 K. Comparative analysis of temperature dependence of specific magnetization before and after ionic liquids exposure confirmed a high corrosion resistance of magnetic characteristics of the investigated stainless steels under conditions of long-term contact with based on choline chloride ionic liquids at 80 °C. Images obtained with an metallographic microscope showed a surface of the steel in an initial state contains defects which become centers of pointed corrosion. Corrosion resistance of stainless steels in contact with solutions based on choline chloride ionic liquids at moderate temperatures is satisfactory for a practical application of these materials.
2010 MSC: 78-05
1. Introduction There are number of industries has no alternative to use the corrosion-resistant steels and alloys on basis of iron and nickel. Alloyed steels are resistant to general corrosion, but they are inclined to various types of local one, such as pitting, slit and intercrystalline corrosion. Therefore, a modification of already available grades of stainless steels is required to increase a resistance to local corrosion types. Nickelbased alloys have a higher implement of alloying elements in solid solution than other stainless steels and iron-based alloys, so as a good metallurgical stability. All these factors have caused a production technologies development of nickel-based alloys with various alloying additions to provide a wide variety of applications of these alloys in aggressive environments. The results of fulfilled studies indicate the prospects of this direction [1–7], but a number of problems cannot be solved without a complex study of the crystal structure, magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of stainless steels for special purposes. In this paper, we report results of magnetic properties studies of different metal alloys (OL44, OL52, S.4571, Monel 400 and Uranus B6) after long-term interaction with some choline chloride (ChCl) based ⁎
ionic liquids. These steels are used in heavy duty metal constructions (construction of vehicles, buildings, airplanes, containers), getting rolled blanks (bars, sheets, wires, pipes), packaging materials (racks, containers) etc. 2. Experimental part Investigated in this study steel alloys and their chemical composition are named in Table 1. Phase and crystal structure of stainless steels were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using X-ray diffractometer with Cu-Kα -radiation (λ = 0.154 nm) at room temperature. X-ray patterns were collected by scanning in step mode (0.03 °/step) 2–3 s/step exposition time. The obtained XRD data were analyzed with the Rietveld-type refinement using FullProf suite. Temperature dependences of the specific magnetization were studied in the temperature range of 77–1100 K by the ponderomotive method in the field of 0.86 Tesla [8]. Corrosion behavior of the samples (alloys) was evaluated through potentiodynamic polarization tests in a standard three-electrode cell. Polarization tests were conducted in two systems of ionic liquds ChClOxalic acid (1:0.5 M ratio) and ChCl-Malonic acid (1:2 M ratio) at 353 K during 1 month, using a Princeton Applied Research model PARSTAT
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (O. Demidenko).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.01.034 Received 11 September 2018; Received in revised form 19 December 2018; Accepted 8 January 2019 Available online 09 January 2019 0304-8853/ © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 477 (2019) 74–76
O. Demidenko et al.
Table 1 Investigated stainless steels and their chemical composition [10]. Stainless steel
Chemical composition
OL44 OL52 S.4571
0.17% C, 0.65% Mn, 0.04% S, 0.04% P, 99.1% Fe 0.2% C, 0.5% Si, 1.6% Mn, 0.05% P, 0.05% S, 97.6% Fe 16.5–18.5% Cr, 0–0.08% C, 2–2.5% Mo, 0.05% Si, 0–0.05% P, 10.5–13.5% Ni, 0.4–0.7% Ti, 0–0.03% S, 0–2% Mn, Fe balance 0.02% C, 20% Cr, 25% Ni, 4.3% Mo, 0.13% N, Fe balance 31% Cu, 2.5% Fe, 2% Mn, 0.5% Si, 0.3% C, 0.024% S, Ni balance
Uranus B6 Monel 400
Fig. 3. The comparison of specific magnetization dependences for S.4571 before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids.
Fig. 1. The comparison of specific magnetization dependences for OL44 before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids.
Fig. 4. The comparison of specific magnetization dependences for Monel 400 before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids.
Fig. 2. The comparison of specific magnetization dependences for OL52 before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids.
2273 potentiostat/galvanostat with a Power Corr software [9]. Calculated corrosion parameters will be reported in future. 3. Results and discussions 3.1. XRD analysis of crystal structure Fig. 5. The comparison of specific magnetization dependences for Uranus B6 before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids.
The analysis of X-ray patterns of OL44 and OL52 stainless steel samples before corrosion action showed that the both samples have the same crystal Im3m type structure with a presence of the significant part of iron phase, that correlate with chemical composition of these steels. The S.4571 stainless steel sample also has a cubic unit cell, but a different Fm3m space group. Bragg peaks were indexed on basis of FeNiCr phase. In this case, presence of chromium and nickel in a steel does not
lead to appearance of new peaks, and accordingly to the crystal structure change. A redistribution of the intensities of the diffraction lines was observed. This fact might indicate the presence of a textured state due to deformation of crystal cell as a result of doping by nickel and 75
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 477 (2019) 74–76
O. Demidenko et al.
Table 2 Magnetic parameters of stainless steels. Sample
OL44
OL52
S.4571
Monel 400
Uranus B6
Parameter
σ77, A·m2·kg−1
TC , K
σ77, A·m2·kg−1
TC , K
σ77, A·m2·kg−1
TC , K
σ77, A·m2·kg−1
TC , K
σ77, A·m2·kg−1
TC , K
Before corrosion ChCl-Oxalic acid ChCl-Malonic acid
208.5 210 210.5
975 965 985
200 205 203.5
980 983 990
8.04 8.27 8.1
795 785 805
26.5 26 21.7
255 265 260
4.11 4.76 4.72
185 200 200
chromium. The analysis of X-ray patterns showed that Monel 400 has a nickel based alloy structure with a cubic unit cell of Fm3m space group. The Uranus B6 samples revealed the FeNi main phase (Fm3m sp.gr.). After corrosion action of ChCl-Malonic acid and ChCl-Oxalic acid no extra Bragg reflexes are observed on X-ray patterns of all samples that indicates is not revealed crystal structure changing, and the corrosion action does not has a significant influence on stainless steel samples crystal structure.
795 K, respectively, while Monel 400 and Uranus B6 have a low specific magnetization value and a phase transition temperatures of 255 and 185 K. Heating of S.4571 steel reduces the specific magnetization for 2.3 times at room temperature, while OL44, OL52, Monel 400 and Uranus B6 steels are heating resistant up to 1100 K. Is revealed, that corrosion action of ChCl-Ac.Malonic and ChCl-Ac.Oxalic ionic liquids does not have a significant effect on the crystal structure and specific magnetic characteristics of studied stainless steels.
3.2. Magnetic properties
Acknowledgements
Figs. 1 and 2 present the comparison of specific magnetization dependences during heating for OL44 and OL52 stainless steels before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids. The OL44 and OL52 steels have a similar character of dependences, confirming the presence of free iron. At liquid nitrogen temperature the specific magnetization is 209 A·m2 ·kg−1 for OL44 and 200 A·m2 ·kg−1 for OL53. One should be noted that cooling and heating dependences σ = f(T) of the both samples are identical. Curie temperature, defined from dependences σ 2 = f (T), is 975 K and 980 K for OL44 and OL53, respectively. For S.4571 stainless steel there is another character of the temperature dependence of the specific magnetization (Fig. 3). A value of σ at liquid nitrogen temperature is only 8.1 A·m2·kg−1, and the Curie temperature is 795 K. Heating of this sample up to 1000 K and subsequent measurements of samples with slow cooling down lead to decreasing of the specific magnetization to value about 3.0 A·m2·kg−1 at room temperature. The temperature dependences of the specific magnetization of Monel 400 and Uranus B6 (dependences σ 2 = f(T) in inserts) are presented in Fig. 4 and 5, respectively. Monel 400 has low specific magnetization value 26.5 A·m2·kg−1 at liquid nitrogen temperature and at room temperatures it become paramagnetic. It is revealed that slow cooling lead to decreasing of the specific magnetization to value about 28.0 A·m2·kg−1 at liquid nitrogen temperature and Curie temperature to 310 K. This fact can be caused by sample annealing. Uranus B6 is almost non-magnetic. At liquid nitrogen temperature its value of σ is only 4.11 A·m2·kg−1, and the Curie temperature is 185 K. The magnetic curves from Figs. 1–5 show that such influence of ChCl-Malonic acid and ChCl-Oxalic acid ionic liquids has only surface influence and does not have significant effect on specific magnetization values of these samples. The parameters of all curves are presented also in Table 2.
The work was carried out within the program: Electrode processes, materials for electrochemical processes and corrosion of the I.C.P and was supported by the Romanian Academy and the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus Foundation for Basic Research (projects 2016-2018, 2018-2020). Authors equally contributed to this work. References [1] Elki C. Souza, Srgio M. Rossitti, João M.D.A. Rollo, Influence of chloride ion concentration and temperature on the electrochemical properties of passive films formed on a superduplex stainless steel, Mater. Characterization 61 (2) (2010) 240–244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2009.12.004. [2] El-Sayed M. Sherif, A.A. Almajid, A.K. Bairamov, Eissa Al-Zahrani, Corrosion of monel-400 in aerated stagnant arabian gulf seawater after different exposure intervals, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 6 (2011) 5430–5444. [3] K.S.N. Rahul Unnikrishnan, T.P. Satish Idury, Alok Bhadauria Ismail, S.K. Shekhawat, Rajesh K. Khatirkar, Sanjay G. Sapate, Effect of heat input on the microstructure, residual stresses and corrosion resistance of 304l austenitic stainless steel weldments, Mater. Characterization 93 (2014) 10–23, https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.matchar.2014.03.013. [4] M.E. Sotomayor, R. de Kloe, B. Levenfeld, A. Várez, Microstructural study of duplex stainless steels obtained by powder injection molding, J. Alloys Compounds 589 (2014) 314–321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.144. [5] S. Wang, J. Ding, H. Ming, Z. Zhang, J. Wang, Characterization of low alloy ferritic steel-Ni base alloy dissimilar metal weld interface by SPM techniques, SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS and SVET, Mater. Characterization 100 (2015) 50–60, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.matchar.2014.12.007. [6] Z. Bircáková, P. Kollár, B. Weidenfeller, J. Füzer, M. Fáberová, R. Bureš, Reversible and irreversible DC magnetization processes in the frame of magnetic, thermal and electrical properties of Fe-based composite materials, J. Alloys Compounds 645 (2015) 283–289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.121. [7] I.A. Abrikosova, A.V. Ponomareva, P. Steneteg, S.A. Barannikova, B. Allinga, Recent progress in simulations of the paramagnetic state of magnetic materials, Current Opinion Solid State Mater. Sci. 20 (2) (2016) 85–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cossms.2015.07.003. [8] A.M. Popescu, K. Yanuskevich, O. Demidenko, J.M. Calderon Moreno, E.I. Neacşu, V. Constantin, Synthesis morphology and specific magnetization of the electrodeposited Zn-Ni-P thin films on copper substrate from non-cyanide electrolyte, Central Eur. J. Chem., (CEJC) 11 (7) (2013) 1137–1149, https://doi.org/10.2478/ s11532-013-0236-1. [9] E.I. Neacsu, V. Constantin, V. Soare, P. Osiceanu, M.V. Popa, A.M. Popescu, Corrosion protection of steel using ZnNiP electroless coatings, Rev. Chim. (Bucharest) 64 (9) (2013) 994–999. [10] E. Rabald, Corrosion Guide, Second, Revised Edition, American Elsevier Publish. Comp., NY, 1968.
4. Conclusions The study of crystal structure and specific magnetization of some stainless steels based on iron and nickel before and after corrosion action of ChCl-Ac.Malonic and ChCl-Ac.Oxalic ionic liquids at 80 °C during 1 month was carried out. Investigated OL44, OL52, S.4571 steels are ferromagnets with a phase transition temperatures of 975, 980 and
76
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmmm
Research articles
Magnetic properties of stainless steels under corrosive action of based on choline chloride ionic liquids
T
⁎
O. Demidenkoa, , A. Zhyvulkaa, K. Yanushkevicha, A. Galiasa, V. Constantinb, E.I. Neacsub, C. Donathb, A.M. Popescub a
Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre NAS of Belarus, Laboratory of Physics of Magnetic Materials, P.Brovki str, 19, Minsk 220072, Belarus Ilie Murgulescu Institute of Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Corrosion, Splaiul Independentei 202, Bucharest-Sector 6-PO Box 12-194, Bucharest, Romania
b
A R T I C LE I N FO
A B S T R A C T
Keywords: Magnetization Stainless steels Ionic liquids
An influence of corrosion action based on choline chloride ionic liquids on magnetic properties of various grades of stainless steels has been studied. OL44, OL52, S.4571, Monel 400 and Uranus B6 stainless steels were exposured by action of ChCl-Oxalic Acid (1:0.5) M and ChCl-Malonic Acid (1:2) M solutions at 80 °C during 1 month. The temperature dependences of the specific magnetization before and after corrosion action were studied by ponderomotive method in 0.86 T magnetic field in the temperature range of 77–1000 K. Comparative analysis of temperature dependence of specific magnetization before and after ionic liquids exposure confirmed a high corrosion resistance of magnetic characteristics of the investigated stainless steels under conditions of long-term contact with based on choline chloride ionic liquids at 80 °C. Images obtained with an metallographic microscope showed a surface of the steel in an initial state contains defects which become centers of pointed corrosion. Corrosion resistance of stainless steels in contact with solutions based on choline chloride ionic liquids at moderate temperatures is satisfactory for a practical application of these materials.
2010 MSC: 78-05
1. Introduction There are number of industries has no alternative to use the corrosion-resistant steels and alloys on basis of iron and nickel. Alloyed steels are resistant to general corrosion, but they are inclined to various types of local one, such as pitting, slit and intercrystalline corrosion. Therefore, a modification of already available grades of stainless steels is required to increase a resistance to local corrosion types. Nickelbased alloys have a higher implement of alloying elements in solid solution than other stainless steels and iron-based alloys, so as a good metallurgical stability. All these factors have caused a production technologies development of nickel-based alloys with various alloying additions to provide a wide variety of applications of these alloys in aggressive environments. The results of fulfilled studies indicate the prospects of this direction [1–7], but a number of problems cannot be solved without a complex study of the crystal structure, magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of stainless steels for special purposes. In this paper, we report results of magnetic properties studies of different metal alloys (OL44, OL52, S.4571, Monel 400 and Uranus B6) after long-term interaction with some choline chloride (ChCl) based ⁎
ionic liquids. These steels are used in heavy duty metal constructions (construction of vehicles, buildings, airplanes, containers), getting rolled blanks (bars, sheets, wires, pipes), packaging materials (racks, containers) etc. 2. Experimental part Investigated in this study steel alloys and their chemical composition are named in Table 1. Phase and crystal structure of stainless steels were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using X-ray diffractometer with Cu-Kα -radiation (λ = 0.154 nm) at room temperature. X-ray patterns were collected by scanning in step mode (0.03 °/step) 2–3 s/step exposition time. The obtained XRD data were analyzed with the Rietveld-type refinement using FullProf suite. Temperature dependences of the specific magnetization were studied in the temperature range of 77–1100 K by the ponderomotive method in the field of 0.86 Tesla [8]. Corrosion behavior of the samples (alloys) was evaluated through potentiodynamic polarization tests in a standard three-electrode cell. Polarization tests were conducted in two systems of ionic liquds ChClOxalic acid (1:0.5 M ratio) and ChCl-Malonic acid (1:2 M ratio) at 353 K during 1 month, using a Princeton Applied Research model PARSTAT
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (O. Demidenko).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.01.034 Received 11 September 2018; Received in revised form 19 December 2018; Accepted 8 January 2019 Available online 09 January 2019 0304-8853/ © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 477 (2019) 74–76
O. Demidenko et al.
Table 1 Investigated stainless steels and their chemical composition [10]. Stainless steel
Chemical composition
OL44 OL52 S.4571
0.17% C, 0.65% Mn, 0.04% S, 0.04% P, 99.1% Fe 0.2% C, 0.5% Si, 1.6% Mn, 0.05% P, 0.05% S, 97.6% Fe 16.5–18.5% Cr, 0–0.08% C, 2–2.5% Mo, 0.05% Si, 0–0.05% P, 10.5–13.5% Ni, 0.4–0.7% Ti, 0–0.03% S, 0–2% Mn, Fe balance 0.02% C, 20% Cr, 25% Ni, 4.3% Mo, 0.13% N, Fe balance 31% Cu, 2.5% Fe, 2% Mn, 0.5% Si, 0.3% C, 0.024% S, Ni balance
Uranus B6 Monel 400
Fig. 3. The comparison of specific magnetization dependences for S.4571 before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids.
Fig. 1. The comparison of specific magnetization dependences for OL44 before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids.
Fig. 4. The comparison of specific magnetization dependences for Monel 400 before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids.
Fig. 2. The comparison of specific magnetization dependences for OL52 before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids.
2273 potentiostat/galvanostat with a Power Corr software [9]. Calculated corrosion parameters will be reported in future. 3. Results and discussions 3.1. XRD analysis of crystal structure Fig. 5. The comparison of specific magnetization dependences for Uranus B6 before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids.
The analysis of X-ray patterns of OL44 and OL52 stainless steel samples before corrosion action showed that the both samples have the same crystal Im3m type structure with a presence of the significant part of iron phase, that correlate with chemical composition of these steels. The S.4571 stainless steel sample also has a cubic unit cell, but a different Fm3m space group. Bragg peaks were indexed on basis of FeNiCr phase. In this case, presence of chromium and nickel in a steel does not
lead to appearance of new peaks, and accordingly to the crystal structure change. A redistribution of the intensities of the diffraction lines was observed. This fact might indicate the presence of a textured state due to deformation of crystal cell as a result of doping by nickel and 75
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 477 (2019) 74–76
O. Demidenko et al.
Table 2 Magnetic parameters of stainless steels. Sample
OL44
OL52
S.4571
Monel 400
Uranus B6
Parameter
σ77, A·m2·kg−1
TC , K
σ77, A·m2·kg−1
TC , K
σ77, A·m2·kg−1
TC , K
σ77, A·m2·kg−1
TC , K
σ77, A·m2·kg−1
TC , K
Before corrosion ChCl-Oxalic acid ChCl-Malonic acid
208.5 210 210.5
975 965 985
200 205 203.5
980 983 990
8.04 8.27 8.1
795 785 805
26.5 26 21.7
255 265 260
4.11 4.76 4.72
185 200 200
chromium. The analysis of X-ray patterns showed that Monel 400 has a nickel based alloy structure with a cubic unit cell of Fm3m space group. The Uranus B6 samples revealed the FeNi main phase (Fm3m sp.gr.). After corrosion action of ChCl-Malonic acid and ChCl-Oxalic acid no extra Bragg reflexes are observed on X-ray patterns of all samples that indicates is not revealed crystal structure changing, and the corrosion action does not has a significant influence on stainless steel samples crystal structure.
795 K, respectively, while Monel 400 and Uranus B6 have a low specific magnetization value and a phase transition temperatures of 255 and 185 K. Heating of S.4571 steel reduces the specific magnetization for 2.3 times at room temperature, while OL44, OL52, Monel 400 and Uranus B6 steels are heating resistant up to 1100 K. Is revealed, that corrosion action of ChCl-Ac.Malonic and ChCl-Ac.Oxalic ionic liquids does not have a significant effect on the crystal structure and specific magnetic characteristics of studied stainless steels.
3.2. Magnetic properties
Acknowledgements
Figs. 1 and 2 present the comparison of specific magnetization dependences during heating for OL44 and OL52 stainless steels before and after corrosion action of ionic liquids. The OL44 and OL52 steels have a similar character of dependences, confirming the presence of free iron. At liquid nitrogen temperature the specific magnetization is 209 A·m2 ·kg−1 for OL44 and 200 A·m2 ·kg−1 for OL53. One should be noted that cooling and heating dependences σ = f(T) of the both samples are identical. Curie temperature, defined from dependences σ 2 = f (T), is 975 K and 980 K for OL44 and OL53, respectively. For S.4571 stainless steel there is another character of the temperature dependence of the specific magnetization (Fig. 3). A value of σ at liquid nitrogen temperature is only 8.1 A·m2·kg−1, and the Curie temperature is 795 K. Heating of this sample up to 1000 K and subsequent measurements of samples with slow cooling down lead to decreasing of the specific magnetization to value about 3.0 A·m2·kg−1 at room temperature. The temperature dependences of the specific magnetization of Monel 400 and Uranus B6 (dependences σ 2 = f(T) in inserts) are presented in Fig. 4 and 5, respectively. Monel 400 has low specific magnetization value 26.5 A·m2·kg−1 at liquid nitrogen temperature and at room temperatures it become paramagnetic. It is revealed that slow cooling lead to decreasing of the specific magnetization to value about 28.0 A·m2·kg−1 at liquid nitrogen temperature and Curie temperature to 310 K. This fact can be caused by sample annealing. Uranus B6 is almost non-magnetic. At liquid nitrogen temperature its value of σ is only 4.11 A·m2·kg−1, and the Curie temperature is 185 K. The magnetic curves from Figs. 1–5 show that such influence of ChCl-Malonic acid and ChCl-Oxalic acid ionic liquids has only surface influence and does not have significant effect on specific magnetization values of these samples. The parameters of all curves are presented also in Table 2.
The work was carried out within the program: Electrode processes, materials for electrochemical processes and corrosion of the I.C.P and was supported by the Romanian Academy and the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus Foundation for Basic Research (projects 2016-2018, 2018-2020). Authors equally contributed to this work. References [1] Elki C. Souza, Srgio M. Rossitti, João M.D.A. Rollo, Influence of chloride ion concentration and temperature on the electrochemical properties of passive films formed on a superduplex stainless steel, Mater. Characterization 61 (2) (2010) 240–244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2009.12.004. [2] El-Sayed M. Sherif, A.A. Almajid, A.K. Bairamov, Eissa Al-Zahrani, Corrosion of monel-400 in aerated stagnant arabian gulf seawater after different exposure intervals, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 6 (2011) 5430–5444. [3] K.S.N. Rahul Unnikrishnan, T.P. Satish Idury, Alok Bhadauria Ismail, S.K. Shekhawat, Rajesh K. Khatirkar, Sanjay G. Sapate, Effect of heat input on the microstructure, residual stresses and corrosion resistance of 304l austenitic stainless steel weldments, Mater. Characterization 93 (2014) 10–23, https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.matchar.2014.03.013. [4] M.E. Sotomayor, R. de Kloe, B. Levenfeld, A. Várez, Microstructural study of duplex stainless steels obtained by powder injection molding, J. Alloys Compounds 589 (2014) 314–321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.144. [5] S. Wang, J. Ding, H. Ming, Z. Zhang, J. Wang, Characterization of low alloy ferritic steel-Ni base alloy dissimilar metal weld interface by SPM techniques, SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS and SVET, Mater. Characterization 100 (2015) 50–60, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.matchar.2014.12.007. [6] Z. Bircáková, P. Kollár, B. Weidenfeller, J. Füzer, M. Fáberová, R. Bureš, Reversible and irreversible DC magnetization processes in the frame of magnetic, thermal and electrical properties of Fe-based composite materials, J. Alloys Compounds 645 (2015) 283–289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.121. [7] I.A. Abrikosova, A.V. Ponomareva, P. Steneteg, S.A. Barannikova, B. Allinga, Recent progress in simulations of the paramagnetic state of magnetic materials, Current Opinion Solid State Mater. Sci. 20 (2) (2016) 85–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cossms.2015.07.003. [8] A.M. Popescu, K. Yanuskevich, O. Demidenko, J.M. Calderon Moreno, E.I. Neacşu, V. Constantin, Synthesis morphology and specific magnetization of the electrodeposited Zn-Ni-P thin films on copper substrate from non-cyanide electrolyte, Central Eur. J. Chem., (CEJC) 11 (7) (2013) 1137–1149, https://doi.org/10.2478/ s11532-013-0236-1. [9] E.I. Neacsu, V. Constantin, V. Soare, P. Osiceanu, M.V. Popa, A.M. Popescu, Corrosion protection of steel using ZnNiP electroless coatings, Rev. Chim. (Bucharest) 64 (9) (2013) 994–999. [10] E. Rabald, Corrosion Guide, Second, Revised Edition, American Elsevier Publish. Comp., NY, 1968.
4. Conclusions The study of crystal structure and specific magnetization of some stainless steels based on iron and nickel before and after corrosion action of ChCl-Ac.Malonic and ChCl-Ac.Oxalic ionic liquids at 80 °C during 1 month was carried out. Investigated OL44, OL52, S.4571 steels are ferromagnets with a phase transition temperatures of 975, 980 and
76