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Main problems of modern pesticides and agrochemicals toxicology in Ukraine
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 164S (2006) S1–S324
79 Main problems of modern pesticides and agrochemicals toxicology in Ukraine Mykola G. Prodanchuk, Nadiya Nedopylanska, Peter G. Zminho Medved’s Institute of Ecohygiene and Toxicology, Kiev, Ukraine In the recent fore decades the tasks and methods of pesticides toxicology have been established finely. The cumulative experience according to quantitative criteria of pesticides dangerous, its absorption, distribution, excretion and opinions about mechanism of action, cumulative, combine action and devious influence to human health have generalized. Therapy of the poison by the main groups of pesticides and prevention of negative influence to health was determined. The problem of pesticides toxicology in Ukraine now has as fundamental so engineering development. Integration into world science in field of methodology of toxicological investigation and in legislation has being piecemeal. The priority directions of pesticides toxicological investigations are the study of mechanisms of toxic, selective and combine action; ability to endocrine disruption; immunological action; the study of aging sensibility to pesticides; evolving toxicogenomic of pesticides; the development of the new approaches to test the pesticides of new generation, which used in super-low doses; the methodology of integration of risk assessment for human health; the safe methods of testing and neutralization the unusable and forbidden pesticides; the improvement of diagnostics and treatment of acute and chronic poisons, professional diseases with chemical etiology, antidote therapy. According to Ukrainian requirements for any pesticide (as a new one, so a generic) it should be submitted full extend information about active ingredient (EI) and formulation. A special part of information documents refer to toxicological properties of EI and formulations of pesticides (acute toxicity, skin and eye irritation, sensitization – for EI and formulations and also chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity, mutagenicity and metabolism – for EI). The main institution in the problem of health safety pesticides in Ukraine is the Institute of Ecohygiene and Toxicology named by L.I. Medved is able to execute all toxicological, hygienic and chemical investigation. Current legislation procedures and criteria for assessment of pesticides are based on the “Law of Ukraine about pesticides and agrochemicals”. The main principle
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of state politic in pesticide sphere is the priority of health and environmental security above economic effect. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.06.087 80 Risk analysis of combustion products of plant protection chemicals Cristina Andreoli, Massimiliano Picciolo, Antonella Bassi, Valentina Gobbi, Giovanni Lionetti, Alfredo Nunziata Research Department, BAT-Italia S.p.A., Italy The plant protection products are a class of chemical substances used in agriculture, from the sowing to the harvesting until the conservation, to the aim to ensure the production of a sufficient amount and adequate quality of agricultural products. On the other hand, the use of these chemicals implies a certain degree of risk both for farmers and consumers, and for the environment, in terms of potential chronic effects in humans and in animals and persistence in the environment. Because of these agrochemicals can be found as contaminants in food, they have been subjected to a rigorous evaluation of risk assessment by the main regulatory agencies in the world. This process allowed the availability of a lot of reliable data on their toxicity. The totality of these information concerns the plant protection products and pesticides themselves or their biological metabolites. The plant protection products can be introduced in the environment and constitute a source of risk for the human health also in the burnt form, through processes of agricultural product incineration, or as contaminants in the food products during the cooking, or for other uses, such as during the tobacco’s combustion in the smoke products. Our work presents the results of a preliminary analysis of risk assessment for chemical class of compounds derived by the combustion of Aldicarb, pyrethroids, pesticides containing one aromatic ring and benzimidazolyl carbamates, identified through thermogravimetric analysis and contemporaneous execution of mass spectrum. During the combustion, the molecules are subjected to processes of degradation (pyrolysis and oxypyrolysis) and formation (pyrosynthesis and addition) which lead to the fragmentation in low molecular weight species and/or to the production of new molecules through aggregations. The results showed that the thermal decomposition of the above mentioned plant protection compounds, determines the formation of small molecules, such as CO, HCN, CH3 OH, CH3 SH and of other molecules, such as n-nitrous derivatives, sul-
79 Main problems of modern pesticides and agrochemicals toxicology in Ukraine Mykola G. Prodanchuk, Nadiya Nedopylanska, Peter G. Zminho Medved’s Institute of Ecohygiene and Toxicology, Kiev, Ukraine In the recent fore decades the tasks and methods of pesticides toxicology have been established finely. The cumulative experience according to quantitative criteria of pesticides dangerous, its absorption, distribution, excretion and opinions about mechanism of action, cumulative, combine action and devious influence to human health have generalized. Therapy of the poison by the main groups of pesticides and prevention of negative influence to health was determined. The problem of pesticides toxicology in Ukraine now has as fundamental so engineering development. Integration into world science in field of methodology of toxicological investigation and in legislation has being piecemeal. The priority directions of pesticides toxicological investigations are the study of mechanisms of toxic, selective and combine action; ability to endocrine disruption; immunological action; the study of aging sensibility to pesticides; evolving toxicogenomic of pesticides; the development of the new approaches to test the pesticides of new generation, which used in super-low doses; the methodology of integration of risk assessment for human health; the safe methods of testing and neutralization the unusable and forbidden pesticides; the improvement of diagnostics and treatment of acute and chronic poisons, professional diseases with chemical etiology, antidote therapy. According to Ukrainian requirements for any pesticide (as a new one, so a generic) it should be submitted full extend information about active ingredient (EI) and formulation. A special part of information documents refer to toxicological properties of EI and formulations of pesticides (acute toxicity, skin and eye irritation, sensitization – for EI and formulations and also chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity, mutagenicity and metabolism – for EI). The main institution in the problem of health safety pesticides in Ukraine is the Institute of Ecohygiene and Toxicology named by L.I. Medved is able to execute all toxicological, hygienic and chemical investigation. Current legislation procedures and criteria for assessment of pesticides are based on the “Law of Ukraine about pesticides and agrochemicals”. The main principle
S41
of state politic in pesticide sphere is the priority of health and environmental security above economic effect. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.06.087 80 Risk analysis of combustion products of plant protection chemicals Cristina Andreoli, Massimiliano Picciolo, Antonella Bassi, Valentina Gobbi, Giovanni Lionetti, Alfredo Nunziata Research Department, BAT-Italia S.p.A., Italy The plant protection products are a class of chemical substances used in agriculture, from the sowing to the harvesting until the conservation, to the aim to ensure the production of a sufficient amount and adequate quality of agricultural products. On the other hand, the use of these chemicals implies a certain degree of risk both for farmers and consumers, and for the environment, in terms of potential chronic effects in humans and in animals and persistence in the environment. Because of these agrochemicals can be found as contaminants in food, they have been subjected to a rigorous evaluation of risk assessment by the main regulatory agencies in the world. This process allowed the availability of a lot of reliable data on their toxicity. The totality of these information concerns the plant protection products and pesticides themselves or their biological metabolites. The plant protection products can be introduced in the environment and constitute a source of risk for the human health also in the burnt form, through processes of agricultural product incineration, or as contaminants in the food products during the cooking, or for other uses, such as during the tobacco’s combustion in the smoke products. Our work presents the results of a preliminary analysis of risk assessment for chemical class of compounds derived by the combustion of Aldicarb, pyrethroids, pesticides containing one aromatic ring and benzimidazolyl carbamates, identified through thermogravimetric analysis and contemporaneous execution of mass spectrum. During the combustion, the molecules are subjected to processes of degradation (pyrolysis and oxypyrolysis) and formation (pyrosynthesis and addition) which lead to the fragmentation in low molecular weight species and/or to the production of new molecules through aggregations. The results showed that the thermal decomposition of the above mentioned plant protection compounds, determines the formation of small molecules, such as CO, HCN, CH3 OH, CH3 SH and of other molecules, such as n-nitrous derivatives, sul-