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Malaria vaccines
“Of particular
interest” -
in the opinion of immunologists. Papers “of particular literature, Infection
Malaria
interest” selected,
by the authors
in the August 1992 issue of Current
vaccines selected
Sporogonic Development of a Malaria Parasite in Vitro. Science 1992,255d48-450. Thisis the first time that the complete development of the sporogonic cycle of a Pkzsmodium parasite is achieved in vitro. This study opens the possibility of studying the factors important for sexual development of the parasite in the mosquito. It might also allow the regular production of sporozoites in culture.
SALCEDOM, BARRETO L, ROJASM, MOYAR, COTE J, PATARROVO ME: Studies on the Humoral Immune Response to a Synthetic Vaccine against Plasmodium Clin Exp Immunol 1991, Malaria. falciparum 84:122-128.
Reports the first detailed analysis of the humoral immune response to vaccination of a large group of volunteers with the synthetic polymer SPf 66. These results in& cate that the SPf 66 product is safe and immunogenic in humans. CALVOM, GUZMANF, PEREZE, SEGLJRA CH, MOLANOA, PATARROYO ME: Specific Interactions of Synthetic Peptides Derived from l? falcipawm Merozoite Pro-
teins with Human Red Blood Cells. Pept Res 1991, 41324-333.
This study reveals that an unusually high proportion
of
blood stage antigen derived peptides binds to red blood cells from humans and from some other mammm als. The authors argue that the presence of certain peptide motifs made of short consensus sequences is critical for peptide binding to the red blood cell.
of leishmaniasis
selected
year’s
Opinion
to
in Immunology.
MOSSERDM, SPRINGER TA, DIAMONDMS: Leishmania
by Pedro Romero
WARBURG A, MAULER LH:
Immunology
from the previous
of reviews in the section on Immunity
by
Richard M. Locksley and Jacques A. Louis
MOLLERI, PEDRAZZINI TH, KROPF P, IQUIS JA, ~~ILON G: Establishment of Resistance to Leishmania major Infection in Susceptible BALB/c Mice Requires Parasite-specific CDS+ T Cells. Int Immunol 1991,3:587-597. The protective effect of CD8+ T cells against’L. major infection in vivo is shown in susceptible BALB/c mice rendered resistant as a result of two different immune interventions. In such mice, CD8+ cells participate in the production of cytokines with anti-leamania effector functions.
Promastigotes Require Opsonic Complement to Bind to the Human Leukocyte Integrin Mac-l (CDllb/CD18). J Cell BioZ1992, 116:511-520. Elegant experiments establishing that Leisbmania interact with host macrophages by binding to Mac-l (CDllb/CDlB), a member of the leukocyte integrin fanily. This binding requires the third component of complement (C3). Synthetic Arnon
peptides as vaccines sleeted by Ruth
and Robert J. Horwitz
SCHILDH, DERES K, WIESMULLER K-H, JUNGG, RAMMENSEE H-G: Efficiency of Peptides and Lipopeptides for In vivo Priming of Virus-specific Cytotoxic T Cells. Eur
J Immunol 1’991, 21:264!+2654. The authors compare the in vivo efficiency of synthetic peptides and lipopeptides, which contain cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, to prime CTIs. They lind that priming with a synthetic lipopeptide vaccine, but not synthetic peptide alone, matches the priming efficiency seen with infectious virus. They suggest that the attachment of the lipopeptide to the cell membrane may be responsible for its efficiency.
FRANCIS MJ, HASTINGSGZ, BROWNF, MCDERMED J, Lu Y-A, TAMJP: Immunological Evaluation of the Multiple Antigen Peptide (MAP) System Using the Major Immunogenic Site of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Immunology 1991,731243-254. This is another example of the successful use of the MAF’ system. Here the authors used the foot and mouth disease VP1 peptide comprising amino acids 141-160.Neutralizing antibodies known to protect guinea-pigs against challenge infection were obtained. This demonstrates that the MAP system can circumvent the need for a carrier protein. KJ, SCEARCE RM, WASmum EM, CIARK CA, PALKER TJ, HAYNES BF: Priming of Antihuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) CDS+ Cytotoxic T Cells in Vivo by Carrier-free HIV Synthetic Peptides. Proc Nat1 Acad Sci USA 1991,88:944%9452. Here the successful use of hybrid synthetic peptides containing various HIV epitopes is demonstrated. The authors show that carrier-free synthetic peptides can be used in vivo to induce an anti-HIV CTL response. HART IviK, WEINHOLD
@ 1992 CurrentBiology
interest” -
in the opinion of immunologists. Papers “of particular literature, Infection
Malaria
interest” selected,
by the authors
in the August 1992 issue of Current
vaccines selected
Sporogonic Development of a Malaria Parasite in Vitro. Science 1992,255d48-450. Thisis the first time that the complete development of the sporogonic cycle of a Pkzsmodium parasite is achieved in vitro. This study opens the possibility of studying the factors important for sexual development of the parasite in the mosquito. It might also allow the regular production of sporozoites in culture.
SALCEDOM, BARRETO L, ROJASM, MOYAR, COTE J, PATARROVO ME: Studies on the Humoral Immune Response to a Synthetic Vaccine against Plasmodium Clin Exp Immunol 1991, Malaria. falciparum 84:122-128.
Reports the first detailed analysis of the humoral immune response to vaccination of a large group of volunteers with the synthetic polymer SPf 66. These results in& cate that the SPf 66 product is safe and immunogenic in humans. CALVOM, GUZMANF, PEREZE, SEGLJRA CH, MOLANOA, PATARROYO ME: Specific Interactions of Synthetic Peptides Derived from l? falcipawm Merozoite Pro-
teins with Human Red Blood Cells. Pept Res 1991, 41324-333.
This study reveals that an unusually high proportion
of
blood stage antigen derived peptides binds to red blood cells from humans and from some other mammm als. The authors argue that the presence of certain peptide motifs made of short consensus sequences is critical for peptide binding to the red blood cell.
of leishmaniasis
selected
year’s
Opinion
to
in Immunology.
MOSSERDM, SPRINGER TA, DIAMONDMS: Leishmania
by Pedro Romero
WARBURG A, MAULER LH:
Immunology
from the previous
of reviews in the section on Immunity
by
Richard M. Locksley and Jacques A. Louis
MOLLERI, PEDRAZZINI TH, KROPF P, IQUIS JA, ~~ILON G: Establishment of Resistance to Leishmania major Infection in Susceptible BALB/c Mice Requires Parasite-specific CDS+ T Cells. Int Immunol 1991,3:587-597. The protective effect of CD8+ T cells against’L. major infection in vivo is shown in susceptible BALB/c mice rendered resistant as a result of two different immune interventions. In such mice, CD8+ cells participate in the production of cytokines with anti-leamania effector functions.
Promastigotes Require Opsonic Complement to Bind to the Human Leukocyte Integrin Mac-l (CDllb/CD18). J Cell BioZ1992, 116:511-520. Elegant experiments establishing that Leisbmania interact with host macrophages by binding to Mac-l (CDllb/CDlB), a member of the leukocyte integrin fanily. This binding requires the third component of complement (C3). Synthetic Arnon
peptides as vaccines sleeted by Ruth
and Robert J. Horwitz
SCHILDH, DERES K, WIESMULLER K-H, JUNGG, RAMMENSEE H-G: Efficiency of Peptides and Lipopeptides for In vivo Priming of Virus-specific Cytotoxic T Cells. Eur
J Immunol 1’991, 21:264!+2654. The authors compare the in vivo efficiency of synthetic peptides and lipopeptides, which contain cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, to prime CTIs. They lind that priming with a synthetic lipopeptide vaccine, but not synthetic peptide alone, matches the priming efficiency seen with infectious virus. They suggest that the attachment of the lipopeptide to the cell membrane may be responsible for its efficiency.
FRANCIS MJ, HASTINGSGZ, BROWNF, MCDERMED J, Lu Y-A, TAMJP: Immunological Evaluation of the Multiple Antigen Peptide (MAP) System Using the Major Immunogenic Site of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Immunology 1991,731243-254. This is another example of the successful use of the MAF’ system. Here the authors used the foot and mouth disease VP1 peptide comprising amino acids 141-160.Neutralizing antibodies known to protect guinea-pigs against challenge infection were obtained. This demonstrates that the MAP system can circumvent the need for a carrier protein. KJ, SCEARCE RM, WASmum EM, CIARK CA, PALKER TJ, HAYNES BF: Priming of Antihuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) CDS+ Cytotoxic T Cells in Vivo by Carrier-free HIV Synthetic Peptides. Proc Nat1 Acad Sci USA 1991,88:944%9452. Here the successful use of hybrid synthetic peptides containing various HIV epitopes is demonstrated. The authors show that carrier-free synthetic peptides can be used in vivo to induce an anti-HIV CTL response. HART IviK, WEINHOLD
@ 1992 CurrentBiology