- Email: [email protected]
Management of coastal communities
82
Selected abstracts
93Z/00006 Lake communites: an approach to their management for conservation C. S. Reynolds, in: The scientific management of
temperate communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Blackwell Scientific, for BES), 1.991, pp 199-225. The internal control in most limnetic systems is atoned to be inherently weak, and the community structure m fluid environments is sub~ect to stochastic (or at best quasi-cyclical) external forcing events. These characteristics lie behind many of the practical difficulties of conservation management of lakes, where the objective should be to contain the intrinsic variability rather than deliberately restrict it. Major sections of the review examine: llmnetic biota and long-term variability of lakes; short-term variability and limnetic community organization; structural classifications of limuetic communities; and conservation interests and management objectives. Management criteria should be aimed at enhancing or reducing processes that favour the desired (steady) state, and a resource-response matrix is proposed which could further such aims. -P.J.Jarvis
93Z/00007 Management of coastal communities A . J . Gray, in: The scientific management of temperate
communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Blackwell Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 227-243. Concentrates on four subject areas where ecological science has been (or should be) applied to management for nature conservation. 1) In discussing the management of successions, the author considers the profound effects of grazing and its use as a management tool. 2) The role of disturbance in coastal commumties is examined in relation to the conservation of a group of plant species for which disturbance is an essential part oftheix ecology. 3) The author discusses the problems which invasive species create for conservation management, 4) The author reviews the opportunities for nature conservation presented by the creation of novel coastal habitats. -from Author
93Z/00008 Ecological issues in the management of woodland nature reserves G.F. Peterken, in: The scientific management of temperate
communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. SpeIlerberg & others, (Black'weE Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 245-272. Outlines the history of woodland nature reserves in the UK, and examines the objectives of such areas and the ecolo~gical issues involved in attaining them. Some of the obectxves can be met through enlightened commercial forestry management, but there is often a need to consider elements of management for which commercial forestry is uns .y.mlpathetic, eg establishment of unmanaged stands, provisxon of structural and habitat maturity, maintenance of habitat mosaics, emphasis on native species, continuation of traditional forestry practices (coppicing and wood pasture), and favouring vulnerable species. Implications of habitat fragmentation and consequent isolation are noted before more substantial sections review natural woodland in nature reserves, traditional management on nature reserves, and options within designed management. -P.J.Jarvis
93Z/00009 The selection of protected areas F. B. Goldsmith, in: The scientific management of
t~fmperate communities for conservation. 31st symposium the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Black'well Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 273-291. Discusses the shift which has occured in the last decade from single-goal scientific criteria to more aesthetic and cultural ones for the selection of sites for nature conservation: that reserves are for people must be built into the evaluation process. Within the context of the UK. the author discusses problems of identifying conservation objectives and values; notes differences in site selection in uman areas compared with the eoutryside; looks at evalua-
tions for special purposes; identifies differences in judgement that reflect different scales; comments on selection of sites for educational objectives; and notes criteria for selection of sites of international value. Once a list of candidate sites is obtained, a selection strategy is required to identify the most suitable. -P.J.Yarvis 93Z/00010 Biogeographical basis of conservation I. F. Spellerberg, m: The scientific management of
temperate communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Blackwell Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 293-322. Outlines some elements of biogeography germane to conservation (regional distribution patterns, peninsula effects, isolation, species-area relationships, island biogeography theory), before discussing some of the implications of the fragmentation of biotic communities (rates and extent of fragmentation, effects of insularisation). If reserves are seen as isolated habitat fragments, then one must anticipate loss of keystone species, reductions in population size, alterations in population structure, local and species extinctions, biological invasions, changes in species richness and diversity, changes in dispersal rates, diminished genetic diversity and occurrence of genetic drift. Some areas of debate concerning nature reserves are outlined: abundance and type of reserve, use of island biogeography theory in reserve design and management, single large vs several small reserves, and minimal critical area. Two areas of research are seen as being particularly worthwhile: overcoming the effects of insularisation through corridors and buffer zones; and additional strategies for establishing nature reserves, with especial reference to land restoration, conservation gain and debt swaps. -P.J.Jarvis 93Z/00011 The management of reserves and protected areas M. G. Morris, in: The scisnti~c management of temperate
communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Blackweli Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 323-347. The principles underlying the management of nature reserves and protected areas are discussed. Most examples are taken from grassland and beathland, and focus on the conservation of invertebrates. Most examples are taken from the British Isles, though they are of general interest and applicability. -from Author 93Z/00012 Running waters: a conservationist's nightmare M. Ladle, in: The scientifu: management of temperate
communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Black-well Scientific, for BES), 1991,pp 383-393. An inevitable consequence of the linear translocation process of rivers is that material introduced to the flow at any oint is quickly transported downstream. If this material is iologica]ly active or toxic or has aesthetically undesirable features, the problems which may result from interacting with the ecosystems within and adjacent to the watercourse frequently evident at a point some distance from the place of introduction. This leads to many of the problems of management associated with flowing water. (~onservation of streams and rivers is discussed in this context and with particular reference to the chalk streams of England. -P.JJarvis
~
93Z/00013
Conservation in agricultural ecosystems
G. L. A. Fry, in: The scientific management of temperate communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the ~ritish Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spelierberg & others, (Blackwell Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 415-443. Without agriculture many landscape t3~pes valued for their biological diversity and scenic qualities would not exist. Such c.ultur~ landscapes possess many species especially aaapted to the open agrarian landscape and dej~end on syrup,atheti.c farmlng practices for long-term survlval. The aumor revmws current trends in nature conservation on
Selected abstracts
93Z/00006 Lake communites: an approach to their management for conservation C. S. Reynolds, in: The scientific management of
temperate communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Blackwell Scientific, for BES), 1.991, pp 199-225. The internal control in most limnetic systems is atoned to be inherently weak, and the community structure m fluid environments is sub~ect to stochastic (or at best quasi-cyclical) external forcing events. These characteristics lie behind many of the practical difficulties of conservation management of lakes, where the objective should be to contain the intrinsic variability rather than deliberately restrict it. Major sections of the review examine: llmnetic biota and long-term variability of lakes; short-term variability and limnetic community organization; structural classifications of limuetic communities; and conservation interests and management objectives. Management criteria should be aimed at enhancing or reducing processes that favour the desired (steady) state, and a resource-response matrix is proposed which could further such aims. -P.J.Jarvis
93Z/00007 Management of coastal communities A . J . Gray, in: The scientific management of temperate
communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Blackwell Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 227-243. Concentrates on four subject areas where ecological science has been (or should be) applied to management for nature conservation. 1) In discussing the management of successions, the author considers the profound effects of grazing and its use as a management tool. 2) The role of disturbance in coastal commumties is examined in relation to the conservation of a group of plant species for which disturbance is an essential part oftheix ecology. 3) The author discusses the problems which invasive species create for conservation management, 4) The author reviews the opportunities for nature conservation presented by the creation of novel coastal habitats. -from Author
93Z/00008 Ecological issues in the management of woodland nature reserves G.F. Peterken, in: The scientific management of temperate
communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. SpeIlerberg & others, (Black'weE Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 245-272. Outlines the history of woodland nature reserves in the UK, and examines the objectives of such areas and the ecolo~gical issues involved in attaining them. Some of the obectxves can be met through enlightened commercial forestry management, but there is often a need to consider elements of management for which commercial forestry is uns .y.mlpathetic, eg establishment of unmanaged stands, provisxon of structural and habitat maturity, maintenance of habitat mosaics, emphasis on native species, continuation of traditional forestry practices (coppicing and wood pasture), and favouring vulnerable species. Implications of habitat fragmentation and consequent isolation are noted before more substantial sections review natural woodland in nature reserves, traditional management on nature reserves, and options within designed management. -P.J.Jarvis
93Z/00009 The selection of protected areas F. B. Goldsmith, in: The scientific management of
t~fmperate communities for conservation. 31st symposium the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Black'well Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 273-291. Discusses the shift which has occured in the last decade from single-goal scientific criteria to more aesthetic and cultural ones for the selection of sites for nature conservation: that reserves are for people must be built into the evaluation process. Within the context of the UK. the author discusses problems of identifying conservation objectives and values; notes differences in site selection in uman areas compared with the eoutryside; looks at evalua-
tions for special purposes; identifies differences in judgement that reflect different scales; comments on selection of sites for educational objectives; and notes criteria for selection of sites of international value. Once a list of candidate sites is obtained, a selection strategy is required to identify the most suitable. -P.J.Yarvis 93Z/00010 Biogeographical basis of conservation I. F. Spellerberg, m: The scientific management of
temperate communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Blackwell Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 293-322. Outlines some elements of biogeography germane to conservation (regional distribution patterns, peninsula effects, isolation, species-area relationships, island biogeography theory), before discussing some of the implications of the fragmentation of biotic communities (rates and extent of fragmentation, effects of insularisation). If reserves are seen as isolated habitat fragments, then one must anticipate loss of keystone species, reductions in population size, alterations in population structure, local and species extinctions, biological invasions, changes in species richness and diversity, changes in dispersal rates, diminished genetic diversity and occurrence of genetic drift. Some areas of debate concerning nature reserves are outlined: abundance and type of reserve, use of island biogeography theory in reserve design and management, single large vs several small reserves, and minimal critical area. Two areas of research are seen as being particularly worthwhile: overcoming the effects of insularisation through corridors and buffer zones; and additional strategies for establishing nature reserves, with especial reference to land restoration, conservation gain and debt swaps. -P.J.Jarvis 93Z/00011 The management of reserves and protected areas M. G. Morris, in: The scisnti~c management of temperate
communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Blackweli Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 323-347. The principles underlying the management of nature reserves and protected areas are discussed. Most examples are taken from grassland and beathland, and focus on the conservation of invertebrates. Most examples are taken from the British Isles, though they are of general interest and applicability. -from Author 93Z/00012 Running waters: a conservationist's nightmare M. Ladle, in: The scientifu: management of temperate
communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the British Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spellerberg & others, (Black-well Scientific, for BES), 1991,pp 383-393. An inevitable consequence of the linear translocation process of rivers is that material introduced to the flow at any oint is quickly transported downstream. If this material is iologica]ly active or toxic or has aesthetically undesirable features, the problems which may result from interacting with the ecosystems within and adjacent to the watercourse frequently evident at a point some distance from the place of introduction. This leads to many of the problems of management associated with flowing water. (~onservation of streams and rivers is discussed in this context and with particular reference to the chalk streams of England. -P.JJarvis
~
93Z/00013
Conservation in agricultural ecosystems
G. L. A. Fry, in: The scientific management of temperate communities for conservation. 31st symposium of the ~ritish Ecological Society, Southampton, 1989, ed I.F. Spelierberg & others, (Blackwell Scientific, for BES), 1991, pp 415-443. Without agriculture many landscape t3~pes valued for their biological diversity and scenic qualities would not exist. Such c.ultur~ landscapes possess many species especially aaapted to the open agrarian landscape and dej~end on syrup,atheti.c farmlng practices for long-term survlval. The aumor revmws current trends in nature conservation on