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Mangiferin, a glucosylxanthone, protects against the radiation-induced micronuclei formation in the cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes
International Congress Series 1276 (2005) 195 – 196
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Mangiferin, a glucosylxanthone, protects against the radiation-induced micronuclei formation in the cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes Ganesh Chandra Jagetia*, V.A. Venkatesha Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576104, India
Abstract. The effect of mangiferin (MGN), a glucosylxanthone, derived from Mangifera indica was studied on the radiation-induced DNA damage in the cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) by micronucleus assay, where HPBLs were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 Ag/ml of mangiferin 30 min before exposure to 3 Gy of 60Co g-radiation. Treatment of HPBLs with 50 Ag/ml reduced the radiation-induced micronuclei to the maximum extent. Irradiation of HPBLs to 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 Gy resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronuclei, while treatment of HPBLs with 50 Ag/ml MGN before exposure to 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 Gy of 60Co g-radiation resulted in a significant decline in the frequency of micronuclei when compared with the untreated irradiation group. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Mangiferin; Lymphocytes; Irradiation; Micronuclei
1. Introduction High toxicity of known radioprotectors stimulated us to screen the radioprotective effect of mangiferin (MGN), a C-glucosylxanthone (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2beta-d-glucoside) purified from different parts of Mangifera indica, and Anemarrhena asphodeloides, which has been found to inhibit the proliferation of neoplastic cells in vitro and in vivo and antagonize the cytopathic effect of HIV [1] in the cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) exposed to radiation by micronucleus assay. 2. Materials and methods The details of the human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) culture are given elsewhere [2]. The HPBLs culture treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100 Ag/ml of MCN * Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 820 2571201; fax: +91 820 2571919. E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (G.C. Jagetia). 0531-5131/ D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.11.035
196
G.C. Jagetia, V.A. Venkatesha / International Congress Series 1276 (2005) 195–196
Fig. 1. Effect of mangiferin on the radiation-induced micronuclei formation in HPBLs exposed to g-radiation. (a) Selection of optimum dose; (b) effect of 50 Ag/ml of mangiferin on the radiation-induced micronuclei formation in HPBLs; squares, PBS+irradiation; circles, MGN+irradiation.
before exposure to 0 or 3 Gy g-irradiation and 50 Ag/ml MGN was found best, and it was used for further study, where HPBLs of PBS+irradiation group received 10 Al/ml of sterile PBS, while that of MGN+irradiation received 50 Ag/ml of mangiferin before exposure to 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 Gy g-radiation 30 min after mangiferin treatment from a Tele Cobalt therapy source at a dose rate of 1 Gy/min. The HPBLs were transferred into a CO2 incubator and allowed to grow for 72 h at 37 8C. The micronuclei were prepared as described earlier [2]. 3. Result and discussion MGN did not elevate the spontaneous frequency of MNBNC significantly. Treatment of HPBLs with different concentrations of MGN before exposure to 3 Gy resulted in a significant decline in the frequencies of micronuclei, and a greatest decline in the micronuclei (MN) was observed at 50 Ag/ml MGN (Fig. 1a). The exposure of HPBLs to different doses of g-radiation resulted in a dose-dependent elevation in the frequencies of micronuclei in the PBS+irradiation group (Fig. 1b). Treatment of HPBLs with 50 Ag/ml MGN before exposure to different doses of g-radiation reduced the frequency of micronuclei significantly compared to the PBS+irradiation group. The dose–response was linear quadratic for both groups. The irradiation of HPBLs with different doses of g-radiation not only increased MNBNC with one MN but also MNBNC bearing two and multiple MN. A similar observation has been made earlier [2,3]. Treatment of HPBLs with 50 Ag/ml MGN before irradiation not only reduced the frequency of MNBNC with one MN significantly but also BNC bearing two and multiple MN, indicating that MGN has been able to inhibit the multiple sites of damage to DNA and complex chromosome aberrations. An identical effect has been reported earlier in HPBLs treated with Aegle marmelos or Syzygium Cumini extract before irradiation [2,3]. The radioprotective effect of MGN may be due to scavenging of radiationinduced free radicals, as it has been reported to scavenge hydroxyl radicals [4], or by inhibition of radiation-induced depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups. References [1] [2] [3] [4]
M.S. Zheng, Z.Y. Lu, Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 10 (1989) 85 – 90. G.C. Jagetia, P. Venkatesh, M.S. Baliga, Mutagenesis 18 (2003) 387 – 393. G.C. Jagetia, M.S. Baliga, Toxicol. Lett. 132 (2002) 19 – 25. G.M. Sanchez, et al., Phytother. Res. 14 (2000) 424 – 427.
www.ics-elsevier.com
Mangiferin, a glucosylxanthone, protects against the radiation-induced micronuclei formation in the cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes Ganesh Chandra Jagetia*, V.A. Venkatesha Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576104, India
Abstract. The effect of mangiferin (MGN), a glucosylxanthone, derived from Mangifera indica was studied on the radiation-induced DNA damage in the cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) by micronucleus assay, where HPBLs were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 Ag/ml of mangiferin 30 min before exposure to 3 Gy of 60Co g-radiation. Treatment of HPBLs with 50 Ag/ml reduced the radiation-induced micronuclei to the maximum extent. Irradiation of HPBLs to 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 Gy resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronuclei, while treatment of HPBLs with 50 Ag/ml MGN before exposure to 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 Gy of 60Co g-radiation resulted in a significant decline in the frequency of micronuclei when compared with the untreated irradiation group. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Mangiferin; Lymphocytes; Irradiation; Micronuclei
1. Introduction High toxicity of known radioprotectors stimulated us to screen the radioprotective effect of mangiferin (MGN), a C-glucosylxanthone (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2beta-d-glucoside) purified from different parts of Mangifera indica, and Anemarrhena asphodeloides, which has been found to inhibit the proliferation of neoplastic cells in vitro and in vivo and antagonize the cytopathic effect of HIV [1] in the cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) exposed to radiation by micronucleus assay. 2. Materials and methods The details of the human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) culture are given elsewhere [2]. The HPBLs culture treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100 Ag/ml of MCN * Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 820 2571201; fax: +91 820 2571919. E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (G.C. Jagetia). 0531-5131/ D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.11.035
196
G.C. Jagetia, V.A. Venkatesha / International Congress Series 1276 (2005) 195–196
Fig. 1. Effect of mangiferin on the radiation-induced micronuclei formation in HPBLs exposed to g-radiation. (a) Selection of optimum dose; (b) effect of 50 Ag/ml of mangiferin on the radiation-induced micronuclei formation in HPBLs; squares, PBS+irradiation; circles, MGN+irradiation.
before exposure to 0 or 3 Gy g-irradiation and 50 Ag/ml MGN was found best, and it was used for further study, where HPBLs of PBS+irradiation group received 10 Al/ml of sterile PBS, while that of MGN+irradiation received 50 Ag/ml of mangiferin before exposure to 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 Gy g-radiation 30 min after mangiferin treatment from a Tele Cobalt therapy source at a dose rate of 1 Gy/min. The HPBLs were transferred into a CO2 incubator and allowed to grow for 72 h at 37 8C. The micronuclei were prepared as described earlier [2]. 3. Result and discussion MGN did not elevate the spontaneous frequency of MNBNC significantly. Treatment of HPBLs with different concentrations of MGN before exposure to 3 Gy resulted in a significant decline in the frequencies of micronuclei, and a greatest decline in the micronuclei (MN) was observed at 50 Ag/ml MGN (Fig. 1a). The exposure of HPBLs to different doses of g-radiation resulted in a dose-dependent elevation in the frequencies of micronuclei in the PBS+irradiation group (Fig. 1b). Treatment of HPBLs with 50 Ag/ml MGN before exposure to different doses of g-radiation reduced the frequency of micronuclei significantly compared to the PBS+irradiation group. The dose–response was linear quadratic for both groups. The irradiation of HPBLs with different doses of g-radiation not only increased MNBNC with one MN but also MNBNC bearing two and multiple MN. A similar observation has been made earlier [2,3]. Treatment of HPBLs with 50 Ag/ml MGN before irradiation not only reduced the frequency of MNBNC with one MN significantly but also BNC bearing two and multiple MN, indicating that MGN has been able to inhibit the multiple sites of damage to DNA and complex chromosome aberrations. An identical effect has been reported earlier in HPBLs treated with Aegle marmelos or Syzygium Cumini extract before irradiation [2,3]. The radioprotective effect of MGN may be due to scavenging of radiationinduced free radicals, as it has been reported to scavenge hydroxyl radicals [4], or by inhibition of radiation-induced depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups. References [1] [2] [3] [4]
M.S. Zheng, Z.Y. Lu, Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 10 (1989) 85 – 90. G.C. Jagetia, P. Venkatesh, M.S. Baliga, Mutagenesis 18 (2003) 387 – 393. G.C. Jagetia, M.S. Baliga, Toxicol. Lett. 132 (2002) 19 – 25. G.M. Sanchez, et al., Phytother. Res. 14 (2000) 424 – 427.