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Marine and Estuarine Geochemistry
1120
Book Reviews
Marine and Estuarine Geochemistry edited by A. C. Sigleo and A. Hattori. Pentech Press, Ltd.. 1985. 33 I p.. f35.90. THIS BOOK INCLUDES the peer-reviewed proceedings of a symposium on marine and estuarine geochemistry which was part of the International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies held in Honolulu, Hawaii, December 16-2 1, 1984. and sponsored by the chemical societies of America. Canada, and Japan. The book comprises a diverse collection of papers organized into three general sections. The subjects range from the open ocean to estuarine areas; the surface ocean to the deep sea. Many of the studies include case location studies of marine pollutants, others basic transport processes of chemicals in the open marine environment (e.g., western Pacific). For this reason, the book tends to be defocused and would serve better as a reference than as a text book. The book also includes valuable fresh insights on chemical oceanographic research in the Orient (i.e., Japan and Korea), and in doing so, presents studies that might not normally find their way to the western literature. The first section is entitled “Isotope and organic geochemistry”, and the lead paper by Saino and Hattori is a very nice study of how 15Ndata can be used to infer the vertical cycles of reduced and organic nitrogen in the water column. The next paper, by Montani and Okaichi, continues the theme on the vertically trapped flux of amino acids and inferences on degradation processes in the open ocean. The third paper, by Sigleo and Macko, describe how the estuarine distributions of 15Nand amino acids imply a highly seasonal cycle of nitrogen utilization. The next paper, by Barger and Means, is part of a longer dissertation that describes the molecular properties of estuarine and open ocean surface flux using physical measurements and modified Van der Waals aquations. The fifth paper, by Silverberg, and co-workers is another interesting study of traps which were deployed in the Laurentian Trough to evaluate the flux of carbon and the corresponding diagenetic response to underlying sediment. Next Requejo and co-workers present an interesting study that uses the pyrolysis patterns of styrene/C&e.nzenes to infer the signatures of anthropogenic polymers in sediments of Boston harbor and adjacent Cape Cod Bay. The seventh paper. by Brownawell and Fanington, is a very good study of how equilibrium modeling of particle/solution partitioning of PCB compounds suggests that most are actually adsorbed to colloids rather than particle surfaces. The eighth paper. by Pellenbarg. is an abstracted summary of the author’s previous work on silicones in the estuarine and coastal environment as uniquely synthetic anthropogenic tracers. The second section is entitled “Nutrient Cycles and Transport Processes”, and the lead paper by Matsumoto describes briefly a study budgeting nutrients in Tokyo Bay sediments
ThermuluminescenceDating by M. J. Aitken. Academic Press, 1985. 351 p., $59.00 (hardcover). $34.95 (paperback). MARTIN AITKEN HAS pioneered the efforts to make thermoluminescence dating as reliable and widely used for pottery dating as the radiocarbon method. His book essentially follows the procedure through the sequence of steps involved in obtaining a date. The level of natural TL is measured, taking care to establish that nothing untoward has happened to disturb the record, the TL level is then expressed in terms of the naturally accrued geological dose by laboratory calibration and then the dose experienced by the sample is determined by conventional dosimetry methods, often TL dosimetry is involved. The accrued dose divided hy the natural dose rat?
and inferring residence times, although these calculations ap pear overly precise from the neglect of bioturbatlon and associated diagenetic reflux. The second paper, by Smith and co-workers, is a descriptive study using a large data set from San Francisco Bay which compares the seasonal distribution patterns and infers the relative importance of source and sink terms. The third paper, by Nor&i. is one of the only sediment trap studies conducted in the Antarctic showing both the largest oceanic particulate flux yet measured, and a coupling in si liceous tlux and corresponding doubling in benthic silica regeneration compared to the Arctic (Bering Sea). The next paper by Nakamura and Nagaya, using fallout isotopes “‘Cs and 239-2@Pu,shows the role of bioturbation in controlling the vertical distribution of these isotopes and the role of sediments for accumulating particle reactive trace elements like Pu. The fifth paper, by Yoon and Rosson, is an estuarine microbial study, using acetate and bentonite, which shows that clays potentially effect microheterotrophic activity. depending on their physiological state. The next paper, by Koma and Suzuki. infers postdeposition redox environments of coastal Japan mud stones from sulfur and carbon partitioning, although the partitioning techniques are debatable. The last paper. by Let. shows the trace metal partitioning in suspended sediment of the turbidity maximum in the Keum estuary of Korea. The third and last section is entitled “Organometallics and Trace Metals”. The lead paper, by Brim&man and co-workers, is interesting in that it shows the central role of methyl iodide in estuatine methylation reactions of sulfur and metalloid byproducts. The second paper, by Gilmour, goes on to demonstrate that the methylation of tin is promoted in anoxic estuarine sediments. The third paper, by Suzuki and Sugimura. is a study of mercury speciation in the western Pacific where organo-mercury compounds account for 30-6096 of the total in surface waters. Then Takayanagi and Cossa describe a study on selenium speciation in the upper St. Lawrence estuac where selenate and organic selenium were conserved while river-dominated selenite was rapidly removed. The fifth paper. by Cowan el al.. is the application of a computer model to silver speciation in sea water which predicts that bio-unavailable sulfide complexes will dominate in low salinity sulfidic waters, while the bio-available chloro complex will dominate in higher salinity oxic waters. The sixth paper, by Pellenbarg, is on scavenging of trace metals by sait marsh litter. The last paper, by Yamamoto and co-workers describes the abundance of a large variety of elements in Japanese coastal seaweed and phytoplankton suggesting a correlation to oceanic residence time by chemical element type. College qSManne Studies L’niversity qf‘Delan,are Newark, DE 19716, U.S.A.
provides an estimate of the age since the pot was tired and II!: TL removed. Thus we have chapters in TL measurement. calibration and dose rate determination. The many variations on this theme, which Aitken and others have developed over the last 20 years, are discussed in another chapter. Finally there are two chapters dealing with materials other than pottery; meteorites are ingloriously clumped with slag and glass; burnt material from archaeological sites (stones and flints). bones and shells, and sediments heated by volcanic flows are discussed. In the last chapter, the dating of sediments by the sunlight-induced drainage of TL is described. At his best, Aitken is a good writer, especially when his audience is non-specialized and multidisciplinary. He has written a great many lengthy reviews on his subject for diverse
Book Reviews
Marine and Estuarine Geochemistry edited by A. C. Sigleo and A. Hattori. Pentech Press, Ltd.. 1985. 33 I p.. f35.90. THIS BOOK INCLUDES the peer-reviewed proceedings of a symposium on marine and estuarine geochemistry which was part of the International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies held in Honolulu, Hawaii, December 16-2 1, 1984. and sponsored by the chemical societies of America. Canada, and Japan. The book comprises a diverse collection of papers organized into three general sections. The subjects range from the open ocean to estuarine areas; the surface ocean to the deep sea. Many of the studies include case location studies of marine pollutants, others basic transport processes of chemicals in the open marine environment (e.g., western Pacific). For this reason, the book tends to be defocused and would serve better as a reference than as a text book. The book also includes valuable fresh insights on chemical oceanographic research in the Orient (i.e., Japan and Korea), and in doing so, presents studies that might not normally find their way to the western literature. The first section is entitled “Isotope and organic geochemistry”, and the lead paper by Saino and Hattori is a very nice study of how 15Ndata can be used to infer the vertical cycles of reduced and organic nitrogen in the water column. The next paper, by Montani and Okaichi, continues the theme on the vertically trapped flux of amino acids and inferences on degradation processes in the open ocean. The third paper, by Sigleo and Macko, describe how the estuarine distributions of 15Nand amino acids imply a highly seasonal cycle of nitrogen utilization. The next paper, by Barger and Means, is part of a longer dissertation that describes the molecular properties of estuarine and open ocean surface flux using physical measurements and modified Van der Waals aquations. The fifth paper, by Silverberg, and co-workers is another interesting study of traps which were deployed in the Laurentian Trough to evaluate the flux of carbon and the corresponding diagenetic response to underlying sediment. Next Requejo and co-workers present an interesting study that uses the pyrolysis patterns of styrene/C&e.nzenes to infer the signatures of anthropogenic polymers in sediments of Boston harbor and adjacent Cape Cod Bay. The seventh paper. by Brownawell and Fanington, is a very good study of how equilibrium modeling of particle/solution partitioning of PCB compounds suggests that most are actually adsorbed to colloids rather than particle surfaces. The eighth paper. by Pellenbarg. is an abstracted summary of the author’s previous work on silicones in the estuarine and coastal environment as uniquely synthetic anthropogenic tracers. The second section is entitled “Nutrient Cycles and Transport Processes”, and the lead paper by Matsumoto describes briefly a study budgeting nutrients in Tokyo Bay sediments
ThermuluminescenceDating by M. J. Aitken. Academic Press, 1985. 351 p., $59.00 (hardcover). $34.95 (paperback). MARTIN AITKEN HAS pioneered the efforts to make thermoluminescence dating as reliable and widely used for pottery dating as the radiocarbon method. His book essentially follows the procedure through the sequence of steps involved in obtaining a date. The level of natural TL is measured, taking care to establish that nothing untoward has happened to disturb the record, the TL level is then expressed in terms of the naturally accrued geological dose by laboratory calibration and then the dose experienced by the sample is determined by conventional dosimetry methods, often TL dosimetry is involved. The accrued dose divided hy the natural dose rat?
and inferring residence times, although these calculations ap pear overly precise from the neglect of bioturbatlon and associated diagenetic reflux. The second paper, by Smith and co-workers, is a descriptive study using a large data set from San Francisco Bay which compares the seasonal distribution patterns and infers the relative importance of source and sink terms. The third paper, by Nor&i. is one of the only sediment trap studies conducted in the Antarctic showing both the largest oceanic particulate flux yet measured, and a coupling in si liceous tlux and corresponding doubling in benthic silica regeneration compared to the Arctic (Bering Sea). The next paper by Nakamura and Nagaya, using fallout isotopes “‘Cs and 239-2@Pu,shows the role of bioturbation in controlling the vertical distribution of these isotopes and the role of sediments for accumulating particle reactive trace elements like Pu. The fifth paper, by Yoon and Rosson, is an estuarine microbial study, using acetate and bentonite, which shows that clays potentially effect microheterotrophic activity. depending on their physiological state. The next paper, by Koma and Suzuki. infers postdeposition redox environments of coastal Japan mud stones from sulfur and carbon partitioning, although the partitioning techniques are debatable. The last paper. by Let. shows the trace metal partitioning in suspended sediment of the turbidity maximum in the Keum estuary of Korea. The third and last section is entitled “Organometallics and Trace Metals”. The lead paper, by Brim&man and co-workers, is interesting in that it shows the central role of methyl iodide in estuatine methylation reactions of sulfur and metalloid byproducts. The second paper, by Gilmour, goes on to demonstrate that the methylation of tin is promoted in anoxic estuarine sediments. The third paper, by Suzuki and Sugimura. is a study of mercury speciation in the western Pacific where organo-mercury compounds account for 30-6096 of the total in surface waters. Then Takayanagi and Cossa describe a study on selenium speciation in the upper St. Lawrence estuac where selenate and organic selenium were conserved while river-dominated selenite was rapidly removed. The fifth paper. by Cowan el al.. is the application of a computer model to silver speciation in sea water which predicts that bio-unavailable sulfide complexes will dominate in low salinity sulfidic waters, while the bio-available chloro complex will dominate in higher salinity oxic waters. The sixth paper, by Pellenbarg, is on scavenging of trace metals by sait marsh litter. The last paper, by Yamamoto and co-workers describes the abundance of a large variety of elements in Japanese coastal seaweed and phytoplankton suggesting a correlation to oceanic residence time by chemical element type. College qSManne Studies L’niversity qf‘Delan,are Newark, DE 19716, U.S.A.
provides an estimate of the age since the pot was tired and II!: TL removed. Thus we have chapters in TL measurement. calibration and dose rate determination. The many variations on this theme, which Aitken and others have developed over the last 20 years, are discussed in another chapter. Finally there are two chapters dealing with materials other than pottery; meteorites are ingloriously clumped with slag and glass; burnt material from archaeological sites (stones and flints). bones and shells, and sediments heated by volcanic flows are discussed. In the last chapter, the dating of sediments by the sunlight-induced drainage of TL is described. At his best, Aitken is a good writer, especially when his audience is non-specialized and multidisciplinary. He has written a great many lengthy reviews on his subject for diverse