- Email: [email protected]
Masterclass editorial: A review of Masterclasses
Manual Therapy 19 (2014) 173e174
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Manual Therapy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/math
Masterclass editorial: A review of Masterclasses The last editorial reflecting on the Masterclass section of Manual Therapy journal was published in 2008. Six years later it is timely to once again review the purpose of Masterclasses, consider the themes that have emerged over the last six years, to present the recently revised guidelines for Masterclasses, and outline the direction and scope of future Masterclasses. In reviewing the scope of a Masterclass paper, it is perhaps valuable to consider what is meant by the term masterclass. The concept of a Masterclass was originally developed from music but the term is now used in many fields. It has been defined as ‘a session of tuition by an expert,., for exceptional students’, Collins Dictionary http://www.collinsdictionary.com/ or ‘advanced students’ Macmillan Dictionary http://www.macmillandictionary.com/. This is a very appropriate term as the readers of Manual Therapy are predominately advanced musculoskeletal practitioners or postgraduate students aiming to become specialists in manual therapy and the authors of Masterclasses are all experts. The purpose of a Masterclass has not changed since its inception. In essence this is to describe in detail clinical aspects of manual therapy. This may relate to specific treatment techniques, a particular management approach or management of a specific clinical entity. As such they offer a unique opportunity to combine the latest evidence with expert practice in a clinically meaningful way that can be read and applied to patients within a clinical reasoned, evidence informed framework. There have now been 64 Masterclasses published since 1995 with 19 published since the last editorial. The themes which have emerged in Masterclasses published since 2008 provide a spotlight on the changing picture of contemporary practice and highlights the increasing importance being placed on neurophysiology and pain sciences as well as biomechanical principles to help explain patient presentations and offer innovative and evidence based management approaches. This has been illustrated by Masterclasses that have presented an application of pain sciences to manual therapy practice (e.g Nijs et al., 2010, 2011, 2013), the role of motor relearning in influencing rehabilitation strategies (Boudreau et al., 2010), theoretical understanding of spinal manipulation (Evans, 2010), a new classification for foot and ankle disorders (Kangas et al., 2011) and the use of clinical algorithms to guide spinal techniques (Dewitte et al., 2014). Topics have also included contemporary areas underpinned by political drivers in current health care management such as the dangers of inactivity (Wittink et al., 2011) and the importance of self-management in facilitating return to work (Johnston et al., 2013). There has also been more of a focus on research methodology over the last few years with Masterclasses providing an overview of qualitative research (Petty et al., 2012a, 2012b), and standardised data collection (Moore et al., 2012). These Masterclasses have been published alongside the more ‘typical’ Masterclasses tackling areas of clinical http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2014.04.003 1356-689X/Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
practice that can be a challenge to clinicians such as thoracic outlet syndrome (Watson et al., 2009, 2010), entrapment neuropathies (Schmid et al., 2013) and lumbar spinal stenosis (Backstrom et al., 2011). The use of strain and counterstain techniques (Wong, 2012) and the manual therapy approach to the treatment of stress incontinence (Grewar and McLean, 2008) have also been presented. The majority of Masterclasses continue to be written by physiotherapists and this reflects the main readership of Manual Therapy however there has been one publication by an osteopath. Contributions from other professions are always welcomed. Several authors have presented joint papers with other professionals reflecting the multi-professional nature of the working practices of the authors. The international appeal of Manual Therapy is reflected in the spread of countries where authors are based and this has included (since 2008), Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, United Kingdom and USA. One measure of the value of an article is to review the number of citations where an article is referenced elsewhere and for this we need to review articles published before 2010 as more recent papers tend not to have emerged into the literature. The most widely cited Masterclass is lumbar segmental instability (O’Sullivan, 2000) (165 citations) but other Masterclasses including management of patellofemoral problems (McConnell, 1996), dynamic stability of the scapula (Mottram, 1997), nerve trunk pain (Hall and Elvey, 1999), fear of movement/reinjury (Vlaeyen and Crombez, 1999), functional stability retraining (Comerford and Mottram, 2001), achilles tendinpathy (Cook et al, 2002), rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscles (Sapsford, 2004), muscle impairment in chronic neck pain (Falla, 2004) and diagnosis and classification of chronic low back pain disorders (O’Sullivan, 2005) have all been cited over 50 times. In looking to the future there have recently been some minor amendments to the guidelines for Masterclasses and these can be accessed here www.elsevier.com/math. In keeping with the ethos and standards inherent in Manual Therapy, Masterclasses must show depth, rigour, originality and high standards of presentation and should have clear application to clinical or professional practice. This sets a Masterclass apart from a narrative review paper. Case studies are often very valuable in order to illustrate the theoretical principles discussed within the Masterclass. If the word limit precludes the inclusion of a case study within the body of the Masterclass then a case study can be submitted as a separate paper alongside the Masterclass and published on-line only. In addition, authors are permitted to include supplementary material such as podcasts, videoclips, animation sequences, high-resolution colour images, author reflections on the Masterclass, and background datasets. Although these have been not included to date they would be welcomed. Masterclasses are showcase articles and authors are normally invited to write a Masterclass paper. However if an author feels
174
K. Beeton / Manual Therapy 19 (2014) 173e174
that they have a topic that would be appropriate for a Masterclass, the author should contact me before submitting the paper to ascertain that the proposed topic will be suitable and meets requirements. Opinion pieces should be submitted as Professional issues. All Masterclasses are assessed by two reviewers. Future Masterclasses will include topics such as statistics for clinicians, adolescent hypermobility, frozen shoulder, shoulder tendinopathy, tele-rehabilitation, the use of the Mulligan concept in the assessment and treatment of pelvic disorders, cervical arterial dissection, concussion and mixed methods research. As the editor I hope that you continue to find Masterclasses a valuable section of Manual Therapy journal to inform your practice. As always if you have any suggestions for future Masterclasses or any feedback on this section of the journal, I look forward to hearing from you. References Backstrom K, Whitman J, Flynn T. Lumbar spinal stenosis e diagnosis and management of the aging spine. Man Ther 2011;16(4):308e17. Boudreau S, Farina D, Falla D. The role of motor learning and neuroplasticity in designing rehabilitation approaches for musculoskeletal pain disorders. Man Ther 2010;15(5):410e4. Comerford M, Mottram S. Functional stability re-training: principles and strategies for managing mechanical dysfunction. Man Ther 2001;6(1):3e14. Cook J, Khan K, Purdam C. Achilles tendinopathy. Man Ther 2002;7(3):121e30. Dewitte V, Beernaert A, Vanthillo B, Barbe T, Danneels L, Cagnie B. Articular dysfunction patterns in patients with mechanical neck pain: a clinical algorithm to guide specific mobilization and manipulation techniques. Man Ther 2014;19(1):2e9. Evans D. Why do spinal manipulation techniques take the form they do? Towards a general model of spinal manipulation. Man Ther 2010;15(3):212e9. Falla D. Unravelling the complexity of muscle impairment in chronic neck pain. Man Ther 2004;9(3):125e33. Grewar H, McLean L. The integrated continence system: a manual therapy approach to the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Man Ther 2008;13(5):375e86. Hall T, Elvey R. Nerve trunk pain physical diagnosis and treatment. Man Ther 1999;4(2):63e73. Johnston V, Jull G, Sheppard D, Ellis N. Applying principles of self management to facilitate workers to return to or remain at work with a chronic musculoskeletal condition. Man Ther 2013;18(4):274e80. Kangas J, Dankaerts W, Staes F. New approach to the diagnosis and classification of chronic foot and ankle disorders: identifying motor control and movement impairments. Man Ther 2011;16(6). pp. 522e530-12.
McConnell J. Management of patellofemoral problems. Man Ther 1996;1(2):60e6. Moore A, Bryant E, Olivier G. Development and use of standardized data collection tools to support and inform musculoskeletal practice. Man Ther 2012;17(6): 489e96. Mottram S. Dynamic stability of the scapula. Man Ther 1997;2(3):123e31. Nijs J, Van Houdenhove B, Oostendorp R. Recognition of central sensitization in patients with musculoskeletal pain: application of pain neurophysiology in manual therapy practice. Man Ther 2010;15(2):135e41. Nijs J, Paul van Wilgen C, Van Oosterwijck J, van Ittersum M, Meeus M. How to explain central sensitization to patients with ‘unexplained’ chronic musculoskeletal pain: practice guidelines. Man Ther 2011;16(5):413e8. Nijs J, Roussel N, Paul van Wilgen C, Koke A, Smeets R. Thinking beyond muscles and joints: therapists’ and patients’ attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain are key to applying effective treatment. Man Ther 2013;18(2):96e102. O’Sullivan P. Lumbar segmental ‘instability’: clinical presentation and specific stabilizing exercise management. Man Ther 2000;5(1):2e12. O’Sullivan P. Diagnosis and classification of chronic low back pain disorders: maladaptive movement and motor control impairments as underlying mechanism. Man Ther 2005;10(4):242e55. Petty N, Thomson O, Stew G. Ready for a paradigm shift? Part 1: introducing the philosophy of qualitative research. Man Ther 2012a;17(4):267e74. Petty N, Thomson O, Stew G. Ready for a paradigm shift? Part 2: introducing qualitative research methodologies and methods. Man Ther 2012b;17(5):378e84. Sapsford R. Rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscles utilizing trunk stabilization. Man Ther 2004;9(1):3e12. Schmid A, Nee R, Coppieters M. Reappraising entrapment neuropathiesemechanisms, diagnosis and management. Man Ther 2013;18(6):449e57. Vlaeyen J, Crombez G. Fear of movement/(re)injury, avoidance and pain disability in chronic low back pain patients. Man Ther 1999;4(4):187e95. Watson L, Pizzari T, Balster S. Thoracic outlet syndrome Part 1: clinical manifestations, differentiation and treatment pathways. Man Ther 2009;14(6):586e95. Watson L, Pizzari T, Balster S. Thoracic outlet syndrome Part 2: conservative management of thoracic outlet. Man Ther 2010;15(4):305e14. Wittink H, Engelbert R, Takken T. The dangers of inactivity: exercise and inactivity physiology for the manual therapist. Man Ther 2011;16(3):209e16. Wong C. Strain counterstrain: current concepts and clinical evidence. Man Ther 2012;17(1):2e8.
Karen Beeton, Masterclass editor Manual Therapy journal* University of Hertfordshire, Department of Allied Health Professions and Midwifery, College Lane, Hatfield, United Kingdom * Tel.:
þ44 01707 284114. E-mail address: [email protected].
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Manual Therapy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/math
Masterclass editorial: A review of Masterclasses The last editorial reflecting on the Masterclass section of Manual Therapy journal was published in 2008. Six years later it is timely to once again review the purpose of Masterclasses, consider the themes that have emerged over the last six years, to present the recently revised guidelines for Masterclasses, and outline the direction and scope of future Masterclasses. In reviewing the scope of a Masterclass paper, it is perhaps valuable to consider what is meant by the term masterclass. The concept of a Masterclass was originally developed from music but the term is now used in many fields. It has been defined as ‘a session of tuition by an expert,., for exceptional students’, Collins Dictionary http://www.collinsdictionary.com/ or ‘advanced students’ Macmillan Dictionary http://www.macmillandictionary.com/. This is a very appropriate term as the readers of Manual Therapy are predominately advanced musculoskeletal practitioners or postgraduate students aiming to become specialists in manual therapy and the authors of Masterclasses are all experts. The purpose of a Masterclass has not changed since its inception. In essence this is to describe in detail clinical aspects of manual therapy. This may relate to specific treatment techniques, a particular management approach or management of a specific clinical entity. As such they offer a unique opportunity to combine the latest evidence with expert practice in a clinically meaningful way that can be read and applied to patients within a clinical reasoned, evidence informed framework. There have now been 64 Masterclasses published since 1995 with 19 published since the last editorial. The themes which have emerged in Masterclasses published since 2008 provide a spotlight on the changing picture of contemporary practice and highlights the increasing importance being placed on neurophysiology and pain sciences as well as biomechanical principles to help explain patient presentations and offer innovative and evidence based management approaches. This has been illustrated by Masterclasses that have presented an application of pain sciences to manual therapy practice (e.g Nijs et al., 2010, 2011, 2013), the role of motor relearning in influencing rehabilitation strategies (Boudreau et al., 2010), theoretical understanding of spinal manipulation (Evans, 2010), a new classification for foot and ankle disorders (Kangas et al., 2011) and the use of clinical algorithms to guide spinal techniques (Dewitte et al., 2014). Topics have also included contemporary areas underpinned by political drivers in current health care management such as the dangers of inactivity (Wittink et al., 2011) and the importance of self-management in facilitating return to work (Johnston et al., 2013). There has also been more of a focus on research methodology over the last few years with Masterclasses providing an overview of qualitative research (Petty et al., 2012a, 2012b), and standardised data collection (Moore et al., 2012). These Masterclasses have been published alongside the more ‘typical’ Masterclasses tackling areas of clinical http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2014.04.003 1356-689X/Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
practice that can be a challenge to clinicians such as thoracic outlet syndrome (Watson et al., 2009, 2010), entrapment neuropathies (Schmid et al., 2013) and lumbar spinal stenosis (Backstrom et al., 2011). The use of strain and counterstain techniques (Wong, 2012) and the manual therapy approach to the treatment of stress incontinence (Grewar and McLean, 2008) have also been presented. The majority of Masterclasses continue to be written by physiotherapists and this reflects the main readership of Manual Therapy however there has been one publication by an osteopath. Contributions from other professions are always welcomed. Several authors have presented joint papers with other professionals reflecting the multi-professional nature of the working practices of the authors. The international appeal of Manual Therapy is reflected in the spread of countries where authors are based and this has included (since 2008), Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, United Kingdom and USA. One measure of the value of an article is to review the number of citations where an article is referenced elsewhere and for this we need to review articles published before 2010 as more recent papers tend not to have emerged into the literature. The most widely cited Masterclass is lumbar segmental instability (O’Sullivan, 2000) (165 citations) but other Masterclasses including management of patellofemoral problems (McConnell, 1996), dynamic stability of the scapula (Mottram, 1997), nerve trunk pain (Hall and Elvey, 1999), fear of movement/reinjury (Vlaeyen and Crombez, 1999), functional stability retraining (Comerford and Mottram, 2001), achilles tendinpathy (Cook et al, 2002), rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscles (Sapsford, 2004), muscle impairment in chronic neck pain (Falla, 2004) and diagnosis and classification of chronic low back pain disorders (O’Sullivan, 2005) have all been cited over 50 times. In looking to the future there have recently been some minor amendments to the guidelines for Masterclasses and these can be accessed here www.elsevier.com/math. In keeping with the ethos and standards inherent in Manual Therapy, Masterclasses must show depth, rigour, originality and high standards of presentation and should have clear application to clinical or professional practice. This sets a Masterclass apart from a narrative review paper. Case studies are often very valuable in order to illustrate the theoretical principles discussed within the Masterclass. If the word limit precludes the inclusion of a case study within the body of the Masterclass then a case study can be submitted as a separate paper alongside the Masterclass and published on-line only. In addition, authors are permitted to include supplementary material such as podcasts, videoclips, animation sequences, high-resolution colour images, author reflections on the Masterclass, and background datasets. Although these have been not included to date they would be welcomed. Masterclasses are showcase articles and authors are normally invited to write a Masterclass paper. However if an author feels
174
K. Beeton / Manual Therapy 19 (2014) 173e174
that they have a topic that would be appropriate for a Masterclass, the author should contact me before submitting the paper to ascertain that the proposed topic will be suitable and meets requirements. Opinion pieces should be submitted as Professional issues. All Masterclasses are assessed by two reviewers. Future Masterclasses will include topics such as statistics for clinicians, adolescent hypermobility, frozen shoulder, shoulder tendinopathy, tele-rehabilitation, the use of the Mulligan concept in the assessment and treatment of pelvic disorders, cervical arterial dissection, concussion and mixed methods research. As the editor I hope that you continue to find Masterclasses a valuable section of Manual Therapy journal to inform your practice. As always if you have any suggestions for future Masterclasses or any feedback on this section of the journal, I look forward to hearing from you. References Backstrom K, Whitman J, Flynn T. Lumbar spinal stenosis e diagnosis and management of the aging spine. Man Ther 2011;16(4):308e17. Boudreau S, Farina D, Falla D. The role of motor learning and neuroplasticity in designing rehabilitation approaches for musculoskeletal pain disorders. Man Ther 2010;15(5):410e4. Comerford M, Mottram S. Functional stability re-training: principles and strategies for managing mechanical dysfunction. Man Ther 2001;6(1):3e14. Cook J, Khan K, Purdam C. Achilles tendinopathy. Man Ther 2002;7(3):121e30. Dewitte V, Beernaert A, Vanthillo B, Barbe T, Danneels L, Cagnie B. Articular dysfunction patterns in patients with mechanical neck pain: a clinical algorithm to guide specific mobilization and manipulation techniques. Man Ther 2014;19(1):2e9. Evans D. Why do spinal manipulation techniques take the form they do? Towards a general model of spinal manipulation. Man Ther 2010;15(3):212e9. Falla D. Unravelling the complexity of muscle impairment in chronic neck pain. Man Ther 2004;9(3):125e33. Grewar H, McLean L. The integrated continence system: a manual therapy approach to the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Man Ther 2008;13(5):375e86. Hall T, Elvey R. Nerve trunk pain physical diagnosis and treatment. Man Ther 1999;4(2):63e73. Johnston V, Jull G, Sheppard D, Ellis N. Applying principles of self management to facilitate workers to return to or remain at work with a chronic musculoskeletal condition. Man Ther 2013;18(4):274e80. Kangas J, Dankaerts W, Staes F. New approach to the diagnosis and classification of chronic foot and ankle disorders: identifying motor control and movement impairments. Man Ther 2011;16(6). pp. 522e530-12.
McConnell J. Management of patellofemoral problems. Man Ther 1996;1(2):60e6. Moore A, Bryant E, Olivier G. Development and use of standardized data collection tools to support and inform musculoskeletal practice. Man Ther 2012;17(6): 489e96. Mottram S. Dynamic stability of the scapula. Man Ther 1997;2(3):123e31. Nijs J, Van Houdenhove B, Oostendorp R. Recognition of central sensitization in patients with musculoskeletal pain: application of pain neurophysiology in manual therapy practice. Man Ther 2010;15(2):135e41. Nijs J, Paul van Wilgen C, Van Oosterwijck J, van Ittersum M, Meeus M. How to explain central sensitization to patients with ‘unexplained’ chronic musculoskeletal pain: practice guidelines. Man Ther 2011;16(5):413e8. Nijs J, Roussel N, Paul van Wilgen C, Koke A, Smeets R. Thinking beyond muscles and joints: therapists’ and patients’ attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain are key to applying effective treatment. Man Ther 2013;18(2):96e102. O’Sullivan P. Lumbar segmental ‘instability’: clinical presentation and specific stabilizing exercise management. Man Ther 2000;5(1):2e12. O’Sullivan P. Diagnosis and classification of chronic low back pain disorders: maladaptive movement and motor control impairments as underlying mechanism. Man Ther 2005;10(4):242e55. Petty N, Thomson O, Stew G. Ready for a paradigm shift? Part 1: introducing the philosophy of qualitative research. Man Ther 2012a;17(4):267e74. Petty N, Thomson O, Stew G. Ready for a paradigm shift? Part 2: introducing qualitative research methodologies and methods. Man Ther 2012b;17(5):378e84. Sapsford R. Rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscles utilizing trunk stabilization. Man Ther 2004;9(1):3e12. Schmid A, Nee R, Coppieters M. Reappraising entrapment neuropathiesemechanisms, diagnosis and management. Man Ther 2013;18(6):449e57. Vlaeyen J, Crombez G. Fear of movement/(re)injury, avoidance and pain disability in chronic low back pain patients. Man Ther 1999;4(4):187e95. Watson L, Pizzari T, Balster S. Thoracic outlet syndrome Part 1: clinical manifestations, differentiation and treatment pathways. Man Ther 2009;14(6):586e95. Watson L, Pizzari T, Balster S. Thoracic outlet syndrome Part 2: conservative management of thoracic outlet. Man Ther 2010;15(4):305e14. Wittink H, Engelbert R, Takken T. The dangers of inactivity: exercise and inactivity physiology for the manual therapist. Man Ther 2011;16(3):209e16. Wong C. Strain counterstrain: current concepts and clinical evidence. Man Ther 2012;17(1):2e8.
Karen Beeton, Masterclass editor Manual Therapy journal* University of Hertfordshire, Department of Allied Health Professions and Midwifery, College Lane, Hatfield, United Kingdom * Tel.:
þ44 01707 284114. E-mail address: [email protected].