- Email: [email protected]
Material behavior under high stress and ultrahigh loading rates
230
Division of Materials Sciences is summarized; this division is in the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences. For each ongoing project at national laboratories, universities, industrial corporations and notfor-profit institutions the report gives the name(s) of the investigator(s), phone number(s), research project title, funding level and scientific activities. Also provided is descriptive information on 15 special U.S. Department of Energy centers that are operated for collaborative research. Summaries of funding levels are presented for some categories such as universities, laboratories and selected topical areas of research. The report is indexed according to investigators, materials, techniques, phenomena and environment. The organizational structure and division personnel are also identified. A limited number of copies may be obtained by contacting either of the following asking for Report DOE/ER-0143/2: Division of Materials Sciences ER-13, Mail Stop G-226, GTN U.S. Department of Energy Washington DC 20545 U.S.A. Telephone: 301 353 3427 or National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce Springfield VA 22161 U.S.A.
Material Behavior Under High Stress and Ultrahigh Loading Rates Proceedings of Seventeenth Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference, Vol. 29 ; edited by John Mescall and Volker Weiss; published by Plenum, New York, 1983; 326 pp.; price, U.S. $49.50
The topic of the Seventeenth Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference in 1971 was shock waves. After a dozen years this prestigious meeting has returned to the topic of high rate deformation; the b o o k under review is Vol. 29 of the conference proceedings. It contains 17 of the papers pre-
sented at the July 1982 meeting. A further 13 papers will eventually be published as the "second volume" in an Army Materials and
Mechanics Research Center Technical Report. In the volume published by Plenum there are five papers (Section I) on dynamic plasticity, three (Section II) on adiabatic shear and localized deformation and nine (Section III) on dynamic fracture mechanics. In the promised "second volume", ordnance applications, projectile launch environment and (1982) work in progress will be dealt with. The first two papers are from Brown University. Clifton and his former students Gilat and Li discuss skewed plate impact experiments, and Duffy discusses strain rate history effects in terms of dislocation substructures, Stout and Hecker of Los Alamos discuss the response of various materials to large plastic deformation in terms of correlating effective strains and stress from different kinds of deformation. Lindholm and Johnson of Southwest Research Institute describe and model results from high speed torsion tests. Finally, Grady, Asay, Rohde and Wise of Sandia present a study of aluminum alloy 606 l-T6 deformed by plate impact. In Section II the papers are by Rogers of Drexel University, by Semiatin and Lahoti of Battelle and Oh of Timken and by I. M. Hutchings of Cambridge University. Rogers presents an interesting discussion of shear localization under impact. The Battelle and Timken group show how this p h e n o m e n o n can occur in metal-working processes. Hutchings shows how localized deformation affects low velocity projectile impacts; he considers analyses of a rigid projectile penetrating a deformable target and of a deformable projectile striking a rigid target. The section on dynamic fracture mechanics has many worthwhile papers on the theoretical, computational and experimental aspects of crack propagation and arrest. These were contributed by Kanninen of Battelle, by Atluri of Georgia Institute of Technology, by Hoff, Rubin and Hahn of Vanderbilt University, by Ramulu and Kobayashi of the University of Washington, by Chung and Achenbach of Northwestern University, by Freund, Rosakis and Ma of Brown University, by Shockey, Seaman and Curran (two papers) of Poulter Laboratory, SRI, and by Fyfe of the University of Washington.
231 In general, all the papers in this volume are well written, clear and concise. The emphasis is on new research rather than reviews of older work, although the list of references in Hutchings's paper has nearly a hundred items. This volume will be a useful reference for mechanics and materials researchers interested in problems of high rate deformations. The "second v o l u m e " will probably also be of use when it is available. PETER P. GILLIS
Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science University of Kentucky Lexington K Y 40506 U.S.A.
Fatigue: Environment and Temperature Effects edited by John J. Burke and Volker Weiss; published by Plenum, New York, 1983; 416 pp.; price,
U.S. $59.50 This book contains the Proceedings of the 27th Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference held in 1980 at Bolton Landing, NY, U.S.A. These conferences are sponsored by the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in cooperation with Syracuse University and cover a broad range of materials research. This volume addresses temperature and environmental effects under cyclic load and in particular the synergistic effects of temperature, environment, materials parameters (such as microstructure and plastic flow properties) and mechanical variables (such as the load amplitude, frequency, wave shape and mean stress or R ratio). The uniqueness of the book rests in the fact that both room temperature and high temperature environmental effects are discussed side by side. This helps the reader to identify some of the general principles underlying the environmental effects in metals and alloys while recognizing the differences among alloys in terms of micromechanisms and controlling factors. Similarly by the inclusion of papers on ceramics and plastics the reader is provided with a broader perspective in understanding the interplay of materials
parameters and environmental factors in accentuating the fatigue damage. The volume contains 20 papers addressing various aspects of environmental effects at room temperature and high temperatures, mechanics and mechanisms, material behavior and finally the application to engineering design. The lead paper by L. F. Coffin provides an overview of the entire field and was necessarily limited to identifying the important areas where more work is needed for predicting the fatigue life of components in corrosive environments. For example, understanding of the growth of short cracks from both the mechanics and the materials point of view is required to bridge the gap between the crack nucleation and crack propagation regimes. In fact, since this conference there have been a growing number of papers addressing the short crack growth aspects. Following the overview, subsequent chapters address the various effects of environment and temperature in terms of material behavior. There is more emphasis on the effects during the crack propagation stage than during the crack nucleation stage, presumably because the effects are much more pronounced and can easily be measured. Some of the topics discussed are the limitations of the superposition models used to predict corrosion fatigue, the kinetics of surface reaction and transport-controlled fatigue crack growth in a single-component-gas environment, the acceleration of the corrosion process due to excessive deformation of surface layers, environmental effects on nearthreshold fatigue crack growth and environmental effects in gas turbine materials such as Alloy 718 and Ren~ 95 where the effects are very pronounced as well as in other materials such as stainless steels and stainless steel welds where the effects are less significant. In the final section, engineering applications relevant to gas turbine components, pressure vessels and piping in terms of life predictions methods under both isothermal fatigue and thermomechanical fatigue are dealt with. Overall the volume provides a broad spectrum of topics covering various aspects of environment and temperature effects on fatigue and is an important reference book for any researcher working in this field. One major drawback is that the subjects covered are essentially 4 years old and subsequent to this
Division of Materials Sciences is summarized; this division is in the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences. For each ongoing project at national laboratories, universities, industrial corporations and notfor-profit institutions the report gives the name(s) of the investigator(s), phone number(s), research project title, funding level and scientific activities. Also provided is descriptive information on 15 special U.S. Department of Energy centers that are operated for collaborative research. Summaries of funding levels are presented for some categories such as universities, laboratories and selected topical areas of research. The report is indexed according to investigators, materials, techniques, phenomena and environment. The organizational structure and division personnel are also identified. A limited number of copies may be obtained by contacting either of the following asking for Report DOE/ER-0143/2: Division of Materials Sciences ER-13, Mail Stop G-226, GTN U.S. Department of Energy Washington DC 20545 U.S.A. Telephone: 301 353 3427 or National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce Springfield VA 22161 U.S.A.
Material Behavior Under High Stress and Ultrahigh Loading Rates Proceedings of Seventeenth Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference, Vol. 29 ; edited by John Mescall and Volker Weiss; published by Plenum, New York, 1983; 326 pp.; price, U.S. $49.50
The topic of the Seventeenth Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference in 1971 was shock waves. After a dozen years this prestigious meeting has returned to the topic of high rate deformation; the b o o k under review is Vol. 29 of the conference proceedings. It contains 17 of the papers pre-
sented at the July 1982 meeting. A further 13 papers will eventually be published as the "second volume" in an Army Materials and
Mechanics Research Center Technical Report. In the volume published by Plenum there are five papers (Section I) on dynamic plasticity, three (Section II) on adiabatic shear and localized deformation and nine (Section III) on dynamic fracture mechanics. In the promised "second volume", ordnance applications, projectile launch environment and (1982) work in progress will be dealt with. The first two papers are from Brown University. Clifton and his former students Gilat and Li discuss skewed plate impact experiments, and Duffy discusses strain rate history effects in terms of dislocation substructures, Stout and Hecker of Los Alamos discuss the response of various materials to large plastic deformation in terms of correlating effective strains and stress from different kinds of deformation. Lindholm and Johnson of Southwest Research Institute describe and model results from high speed torsion tests. Finally, Grady, Asay, Rohde and Wise of Sandia present a study of aluminum alloy 606 l-T6 deformed by plate impact. In Section II the papers are by Rogers of Drexel University, by Semiatin and Lahoti of Battelle and Oh of Timken and by I. M. Hutchings of Cambridge University. Rogers presents an interesting discussion of shear localization under impact. The Battelle and Timken group show how this p h e n o m e n o n can occur in metal-working processes. Hutchings shows how localized deformation affects low velocity projectile impacts; he considers analyses of a rigid projectile penetrating a deformable target and of a deformable projectile striking a rigid target. The section on dynamic fracture mechanics has many worthwhile papers on the theoretical, computational and experimental aspects of crack propagation and arrest. These were contributed by Kanninen of Battelle, by Atluri of Georgia Institute of Technology, by Hoff, Rubin and Hahn of Vanderbilt University, by Ramulu and Kobayashi of the University of Washington, by Chung and Achenbach of Northwestern University, by Freund, Rosakis and Ma of Brown University, by Shockey, Seaman and Curran (two papers) of Poulter Laboratory, SRI, and by Fyfe of the University of Washington.
231 In general, all the papers in this volume are well written, clear and concise. The emphasis is on new research rather than reviews of older work, although the list of references in Hutchings's paper has nearly a hundred items. This volume will be a useful reference for mechanics and materials researchers interested in problems of high rate deformations. The "second v o l u m e " will probably also be of use when it is available. PETER P. GILLIS
Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science University of Kentucky Lexington K Y 40506 U.S.A.
Fatigue: Environment and Temperature Effects edited by John J. Burke and Volker Weiss; published by Plenum, New York, 1983; 416 pp.; price,
U.S. $59.50 This book contains the Proceedings of the 27th Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference held in 1980 at Bolton Landing, NY, U.S.A. These conferences are sponsored by the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in cooperation with Syracuse University and cover a broad range of materials research. This volume addresses temperature and environmental effects under cyclic load and in particular the synergistic effects of temperature, environment, materials parameters (such as microstructure and plastic flow properties) and mechanical variables (such as the load amplitude, frequency, wave shape and mean stress or R ratio). The uniqueness of the book rests in the fact that both room temperature and high temperature environmental effects are discussed side by side. This helps the reader to identify some of the general principles underlying the environmental effects in metals and alloys while recognizing the differences among alloys in terms of micromechanisms and controlling factors. Similarly by the inclusion of papers on ceramics and plastics the reader is provided with a broader perspective in understanding the interplay of materials
parameters and environmental factors in accentuating the fatigue damage. The volume contains 20 papers addressing various aspects of environmental effects at room temperature and high temperatures, mechanics and mechanisms, material behavior and finally the application to engineering design. The lead paper by L. F. Coffin provides an overview of the entire field and was necessarily limited to identifying the important areas where more work is needed for predicting the fatigue life of components in corrosive environments. For example, understanding of the growth of short cracks from both the mechanics and the materials point of view is required to bridge the gap between the crack nucleation and crack propagation regimes. In fact, since this conference there have been a growing number of papers addressing the short crack growth aspects. Following the overview, subsequent chapters address the various effects of environment and temperature in terms of material behavior. There is more emphasis on the effects during the crack propagation stage than during the crack nucleation stage, presumably because the effects are much more pronounced and can easily be measured. Some of the topics discussed are the limitations of the superposition models used to predict corrosion fatigue, the kinetics of surface reaction and transport-controlled fatigue crack growth in a single-component-gas environment, the acceleration of the corrosion process due to excessive deformation of surface layers, environmental effects on nearthreshold fatigue crack growth and environmental effects in gas turbine materials such as Alloy 718 and Ren~ 95 where the effects are very pronounced as well as in other materials such as stainless steels and stainless steel welds where the effects are less significant. In the final section, engineering applications relevant to gas turbine components, pressure vessels and piping in terms of life predictions methods under both isothermal fatigue and thermomechanical fatigue are dealt with. Overall the volume provides a broad spectrum of topics covering various aspects of environment and temperature effects on fatigue and is an important reference book for any researcher working in this field. One major drawback is that the subjects covered are essentially 4 years old and subsequent to this