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Materials science: Past, present and future—Cahn's view
Letters to the Editorl Materials Science: Past, Present and FutureCahn's View ~Rile Pro#. C~R~'s ~ f i d e i~ ~-Re issue o# ~,aFe,[,al~ "FoAay ~olu`me Z issu`e "~) co~i-Ai~s some i~be~esi-i~ 3 obsevvAi-iot~s o~ i-~e evolu`i-lo~ o-~ I,~Ai-e~iAIs~ d e ~ c e , i~ ~ y opi~iot~ ii- ovev-empRAsises i-Re co~ibu`Hov, o# t~ei-Allu`vSy A~,~, ~e$1ecFs i-Rose o~ ~oli~. <4i-Ai-e PRysics • Elec~o~ics. P~a-P.CAR~ RAS poi~i-e~ ou`i- some si3~i#icA~i- scie~4~-ic Aiscovevies i-RAi- le,~ i-o co~soliAAi-io~ o-~ i-Re su`'o3ec~. "1"oi-Ris I wou`l,~ like i-o A,~,~ i-Re #ollo~,i~, so~e o# ~RicR mAy ApeeA~ ele~e~.i-A~y i~ Ri~,~siSRt-:.
i-~e co~cepi- o~e ~opiB~ iB sew~co~,~t~ci-o~'s - i-Re -Patc'k i-R,aip A ~ pe~ ~illioB imp~ii-ies cou`la ~ i c ~ l l y cR,aB$e f~/pe o-Cco~,~t^ckio~ - v~Rick ~'esu`lt-e~ i~ i-Re ~o~Ai-io~ o-P p-~ ,~u~ci-iotas. ('TRe co~cepi- o-P i-Re Role ~ s pu`i- ~o~-~ow,~ by Peie~ls it~ I 9Z~ behove i-Re AC'FU`A1 ,~.iScovo'y o~- t-Re posH-vo~!) t-Re cAlcu~IARO~ O-P bm~-sh-u`cku`ve -~'om ~i~'s£ p~-i~ciples i-o e×elAi~ ~of o~ly op~cAI p~ope~4es e.$. ,~.i.P-Po'e~cesbei-~,ee~ <~i ,a~,~ GAffS bu`i- Also kiSR #iel~. ~A~spo~i- e.$. G t ~ e~--~ec't-. t-~e ,~iscove~y o.P t,~o~q*O, CAV~'iO" i~eci-io~ ~RicR P~o~. tSAv,~ee~ AI~AyS empRAsise,~, i~ p~ivAi-e co~ve~sAHo~ AS ~ell As i~ Ris ~ e ~ i s c e ~ c e s , As A l~ey concept- ~ e R i ~
"X'~iSiS ~oi- ~-o ~e~y ~Re co~-'*i~,u`Ho~S eP mei-ABu`~$y AS Al~'eA~y e~u`me~Ai-e~ 'oy P~o-~.CAR~. "To i-Rose I may A ~ ~.ey i-ecR~iqu`es
s~cR As zone ~e-Vt~i~, co~cep~ su`cR As ~ A s e ~ i ~ A m s (eq~li~o~i~m?) A ~ mo~e ~'ece~i-}y ~ovel s~u`c~u`~'es su`cR As su`fe~lA~ i-ices wRicR ~eve -~i~'si-o~se~ve~ i~ mei-Allic sysi-ev~S.
-~Re ~emico~,~u`ct-o~ ~evolu`i-io~ i-I,~Ai- ~i$3e~e,~ i-Rose i~ Coml, u`i-o's A ~ Commu`~icAHo~ A ~ i-I,~e p~'ese~i- spu`~'t-i~ I~ is I'e~RAps i-Re c|eA~esi- e~
i-Re ~is-
cove~y o~ i-Re i-~A~sisi-o~.
~) i-Re AppliCAi-i0~ 0"~ i-Re mA~-RemAi-iCS o-P ,~,i-P.P~sio~ A~,~ Poisso~'s ( ~ , ~ s~bseq~e~i-ly ~cR~o~i~$e~'s ) equ`AHo~s ~-o ~esc~ibe p~ec~sely A ~ ACCUrAtely c ~ e ~ F ~A~spo~i- i~
[ I ] H.J. LeAmy A~,~ J.H. ~,le~,~ic~, '~emico~u`c+o, %ilico~': "Ct,~e E~i-vAov,~,i~Avy mA,~e O~,~i~A~y, ~R'~ t~llei-i~, A-7 - ~'~" h a y
I ~'77.
se~coB~u`c+o~'s As A -P~c"HoB o-P ~opiB$, i-empe~Ai-u`~'e e~c.
[Z] CRvisi-oeRev [:_vA~sa "T~e ~iSht-~ Micro', Vici-ov 6ollA~cz 1979.
i-Re o~,~ve~i- ~ a~,~v~ce,~ ~-o~i-R i-eck~olo~ies su`ck As t~olect~IA~ l~eAm El,i~u~/A~,~ o~$~o~ei-Allic VApOU`~ PR,ase El,ii-Ax,/~RicR mA,~e possible i-Re ,~iscovo'y o~ i-Re G~u`A~i-u`m HAl1 e~-~ec'Ps A ~ f~locR osdllAi-io~s ~ ~ell AS t-Re ~ e c ~ o l o ~y -Po~ Ou`At~i-u`m ~ell A ~ ~ow G~t~A~i-u`m CASCAde IASo'S A~,~ HiSk [:Aect-vo~ l,~o~ilii-y ,~evices, i-o ~Ame o~ly ~ -Pe~.
P~o~. 1).N.t~ose I~,~.iA~ It~sHHAi-eo~ "VecR~oloOy, ~RAvAOpt~v
i-Re emergence oP ~ilico~ As "TI-~Ee ~ i ~ e e ~ i ~ v.~i-eviAI p ~ e×celle~ce - i-Re ~o'~-Rovse -Pov s~'-PAce si-vu`ci-u`~esi-t~#,ies
Elec'~o-v.~ecR~icAI %ys~ems (I~EM%).
Materials
Today
Dear Professor Bose I enjoyed reading ttn'sforceful corrective to my metallocenm'c essay. One can do only so much in a short essay. I f Prof. Bose will take a look at my forthcoming book, "The Coming o f Materials Science" (due to be published by Elsevier early next year) be will see that metallocentricity has been sedulouslF avoided there. Robert W. Cahn, Cambridge University
3
i-~e co~cepi- o~e ~opiB~ iB sew~co~,~t~ci-o~'s - i-Re -Patc'k i-R,aip A ~ pe~ ~illioB imp~ii-ies cou`la ~ i c ~ l l y cR,aB$e f~/pe o-Cco~,~t^ckio~ - v~Rick ~'esu`lt-e~ i~ i-Re ~o~Ai-io~ o-P p-~ ,~u~ci-iotas. ('TRe co~cepi- o-P i-Re Role ~ s pu`i- ~o~-~ow,~ by Peie~ls it~ I 9Z~ behove i-Re AC'FU`A1 ,~.iScovo'y o~- t-Re posH-vo~!) t-Re cAlcu~IARO~ O-P bm~-sh-u`cku`ve -~'om ~i~'s£ p~-i~ciples i-o e×elAi~ ~of o~ly op~cAI p~ope~4es e.$. ,~.i.P-Po'e~cesbei-~,ee~ <~i ,a~,~ GAffS bu`i- Also kiSR #iel~. ~A~spo~i- e.$. G t ~ e~--~ec't-. t-~e ,~iscove~y o.P t,~o~q*O, CAV~'iO" i~eci-io~ ~RicR P~o~. tSAv,~ee~ AI~AyS empRAsise,~, i~ p~ivAi-e co~ve~sAHo~ AS ~ell As i~ Ris ~ e ~ i s c e ~ c e s , As A l~ey concept- ~ e R i ~
"X'~iSiS ~oi- ~-o ~e~y ~Re co~-'*i~,u`Ho~S eP mei-ABu`~$y AS Al~'eA~y e~u`me~Ai-e~ 'oy P~o-~.CAR~. "To i-Rose I may A ~ ~.ey i-ecR~iqu`es
s~cR As zone ~e-Vt~i~, co~cep~ su`cR As ~ A s e ~ i ~ A m s (eq~li~o~i~m?) A ~ mo~e ~'ece~i-}y ~ovel s~u`c~u`~'es su`cR As su`fe~lA~ i-ices wRicR ~eve -~i~'si-o~se~ve~ i~ mei-Allic sysi-ev~S.
-~Re ~emico~,~u`ct-o~ ~evolu`i-io~ i-I,~Ai- ~i$3e~e,~ i-Rose i~ Coml, u`i-o's A ~ Commu`~icAHo~ A ~ i-I,~e p~'ese~i- spu`~'t-i~ I~ is I'e~RAps i-Re c|eA~esi- e~
i-Re ~is-
cove~y o~ i-Re i-~A~sisi-o~.
~) i-Re AppliCAi-i0~ 0"~ i-Re mA~-RemAi-iCS o-P ,~,i-P.P~sio~ A~,~ Poisso~'s ( ~ , ~ s~bseq~e~i-ly ~cR~o~i~$e~'s ) equ`AHo~s ~-o ~esc~ibe p~ec~sely A ~ ACCUrAtely c ~ e ~ F ~A~spo~i- i~
[ I ] H.J. LeAmy A~,~ J.H. ~,le~,~ic~, '~emico~u`c+o, %ilico~': "Ct,~e E~i-vAov,~,i~Avy mA,~e O~,~i~A~y, ~R'~ t~llei-i~, A-7 - ~'~" h a y
I ~'77.
se~coB~u`c+o~'s As A -P~c"HoB o-P ~opiB$, i-empe~Ai-u`~'e e~c.
[Z] CRvisi-oeRev [:_vA~sa "T~e ~iSht-~ Micro', Vici-ov 6ollA~cz 1979.
i-Re o~,~ve~i- ~ a~,~v~ce,~ ~-o~i-R i-eck~olo~ies su`ck As t~olect~IA~ l~eAm El,i~u~/A~,~ o~$~o~ei-Allic VApOU`~ PR,ase El,ii-Ax,/~RicR mA,~e possible i-Re ,~iscovo'y o~ i-Re G~u`A~i-u`m HAl1 e~-~ec'Ps A ~ f~locR osdllAi-io~s ~ ~ell AS t-Re ~ e c ~ o l o ~y -Po~ Ou`At~i-u`m ~ell A ~ ~ow G~t~A~i-u`m CASCAde IASo'S A~,~ HiSk [:Aect-vo~ l,~o~ilii-y ,~evices, i-o ~Ame o~ly ~ -Pe~.
P~o~. 1).N.t~ose I~,~.iA~ It~sHHAi-eo~ "VecR~oloOy, ~RAvAOpt~v
i-Re emergence oP ~ilico~ As "TI-~Ee ~ i ~ e e ~ i ~ v.~i-eviAI p ~ e×celle~ce - i-Re ~o'~-Rovse -Pov s~'-PAce si-vu`ci-u`~esi-t~#,ies
Elec'~o-v.~ecR~icAI %ys~ems (I~EM%).
Materials
Today
Dear Professor Bose I enjoyed reading ttn'sforceful corrective to my metallocenm'c essay. One can do only so much in a short essay. I f Prof. Bose will take a look at my forthcoming book, "The Coming o f Materials Science" (due to be published by Elsevier early next year) be will see that metallocentricity has been sedulouslF avoided there. Robert W. Cahn, Cambridge University
3