Maternal and offspring's involvement in the development of pre-obesity in infant OLETF rats.

Maternal and offspring's involvement in the development of pre-obesity in infant OLETF rats.

ARTICLE IN PRESS 328 Abstracts / Appetite 49 (2007) 272–341 Program ENERGY: An extension focusing on brain and nervous system science for 6th-grade ...

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ARTICLE IN PRESS 328

Abstracts / Appetite 49 (2007) 272–341

Program ENERGY: An extension focusing on brain and nervous system science for 6th-grade elementary school children

Kristin SCHILLER, LINDSAY SUCHOR, FRANA˜zOISE SMITH, DIANA PORTER, LONNIE MURT, JENNA ALLEN, ALEXANDRA C. SMITH, L. ARTHUR CAMPFIELD. Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, USA Program ENERGY’s goal is to reduce obesity/type 2 diabetes in suburban/rural elementary school children and families by teaching/reinforcing body science, energy balance and healthy behavior choices. An extension of PE focusing on brain and nervous system science and good decision making was delivered to 6th grade children at Tavelli Elementary School in Ft. Collins, CO. Children discover, explore, inquire and learn the basis of healthy behaviors in a challenging, scientific setting, with the support of scientists/health professionals/students. Knowledge is brought home and shared with their families. An 8-week program of classroom and outdoors activities was conducted. Beginning and end of intervention assessments including knowledge and attitudes about brain and nervous system science were conducted. Results of pre- and post-tests show statistically significant improvements in the intervention school: health and science knowledge (brain science), attitudes (mental illness), behaviors (sensory physiology, increased body acceptance), and increased interest in science/health-related careers. The intervention had high rates of enrollment and retention, positive evaluations by children and educators, produced significant positive outcomes in health/science knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and increased interest in science and health-related careers. Thus, this extension of Program ENERGY into the areas of brain and nervous system science and behavior was effective and could be replicated in other schools. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.180

Maternal and offspring’s involvement in the development of pre-obesity in infant OLETF rats M. SCHROEDERa,b,

Y. LAVI-AVNONa,b, O. ZAGOORY-SHARONa,b, T.H. MORANa,b, A. WELLERa,b. aPsychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Israel. bDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA OLETF rats do not express functional CCK1 receptors. Adult OLETF rats are hyperphagic and become obese. We examined OLETF (male and female) body weight from birth; the possible involvement of the dam in the development and maintenance of the pups’ obesity; circadian differences in nursing and maternal behavior; and the pups’ suckling abilities and initiative. OLETF and LETO (control) pups were weighed every fifth day from birth. For nursing behaviors, OLETF and LETO dams were observed with their own litters in their home cages, in the first, second and third postpartum weeks. Nursing postures were defined as kyphotic (upright posture) and supine (the dam lies on the side). Frequencies of nutritive contact, licking, active self-directed behaviors and resting were assessed. In addition, pups’ weight gain after a nursing bout with their own or with a foster dam was examined after a 3–4 hour separation. The results suggest a

circadian difference in nursing behavior; differences in selfdirected activities between the strains on postpartum weeks 1 and 3; and a strong influence of the OLETF pups on the nursing behavior of the dam on week 3, which induces them to suckle longer. OLETF pups managed to gain more weight from the nursing episodes, with own or foster dams. Thus, both maternal and offspring’s factors contribute to the pups’ pre-obese development. Support: US-Israel Binational Science Foundation. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.181

Food restriction from weaning to puberty reduces long-term food intake, adipocyte area and obesity in male but not in female OLETF rats M. SCHROEDERa,b, O. ZAGOORY-SHARONa,b,

T.H. MORANa,b, S. BIa,b, A. WELLERa,b. aPsychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Israel. bDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA OLETF rats are heavier than controls from birth and they eat about 30% more shortly after weaning. This study examined how early dieting differently affects male and female long-term obesity in the OLETF model. We examined the influence of early-short term, early-long term and chronic food restriction, starting from the day of weaning (postnatal day [PND] 22), on obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, Leptin, Oxytocin and Creatinine levels, and intake after termination of the dietrestriction in male and female OLETF rats. Group 1: males and females fed from weaning to PND90 according to the amount of food consumed by LETO controls (pair-fed). Tissues were collected on PND38, 65 and 90. Group 2: male and female pups pair-fed from weaning until PND45 and then returned to adlibitum food access, tissues were collected on PND90. Group 3: females food-restricted from weaning until PND 70. Intake was assessed after termination of food-restriction and tissues were collected on PND120. OLETF males and females under chronic food-restriction showed normalized (to LETO levels) hormonal and fat levels. Permitting free feeding after restriction allowed OLETF females to regain almost all the weight, all the fat and adipocyte area, even though their intake was significantly reduced. OLETF males also presented significantly lower intake levels, but showed long term decreased body weight, fat mass and hormone levels compared to unrestricted OLETF males. Earlylong-term food restriction succeeded in attenuating female obesity, intake and adiposity hormones. Possible mechanisms will be discussed. Support: US-Israel Binational Science Foundation. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.182